Difference between revisions of "Standard-setting function"

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{{Indicator
 
{{Indicator
−
|datatype = String
+
|datatype = Numeric
 
|scale = Metric
 
|scale = Metric
−
|valuelabels = 0 to 1. High scores reflect a high level of general worker protection.
+
|valuelabels = Not applicable
 
|techname =  labor_stand_sett_func
 
|techname =  labor_stand_sett_func
 
|category = [[Labour and labour market |Labour and labour market]]
 
|category = [[Labour and labour market |Labour and labour market]]
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|relatedindicators =  
 
|relatedindicators =  
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
−
<li>[[Type of employment law]]</li>
+
<ul>
 +
<li>[[SPE-Type of employment law (string)]]</li>
 +
<li>[[SPE-Type of employment law]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Type of employment law (string)]]</li>
 
<li>[[Privileging function]]</li>
 
<li>[[Privileging function]]</li>
 
<li>[[Equalising function]]</li>
 
<li>[[Equalising function]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Legally mandated notice period]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Legally mandated redundancy compensation]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Law imposes procedural constraints on dismissal]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Law imposes substantive constraints on dismissal]]</li>
 +
<li>[[Reinstatement normal remedy for unfair dismissal]]</li>
 
<li>[[Annual leave entitlements]]</li>
 
<li>[[Annual leave entitlements]]</li>
 
<li>[[Public holiday entitlements]]</li>
 
<li>[[Public holiday entitlements]]</li>
Line 18: Line 26:
 
<li>[[Duration of the normal working week]]</li>
 
<li>[[Duration of the normal working week]]</li>
 
<li>[[Maximum daily working time]]</li>
 
<li>[[Maximum daily working time]]</li>
−
<li>[[Legally mandated notice period]]</li>
+
<li>[[Notification of dismissal]]</li>
−
<li>[[Legally mandated redundancy compensation]]</li>
+
</ul>
−
<li>[[Law imposes procedural constraints on dismissal]]</li>
+
|description =
−
<li>[[Reinstatement normal remedy for unfair dismissal]]</li>
+
"Standard-setting function" measures the level of general worker protection in individual labour law in place in a country during a particular year. The function refers to active norm-setting that defines general standards of legal protection. The indicator ranges from 0 to 1 where 1 is the maximum value reflecting the highest possible level of general worker protection. The variable is available for 115 countries from 1970 to 2013, using 13 CBR-LRI variables. The data from CBR Labour Regulation Index Dataset was coded using provisions of law and relevant court decisions, which are taken from secondary sources, national law databases, and ILO NATLEX data (see Adams et al. 2017, 2023). The "Standard-setting function" is recreated from the SPE-typology (see Dingeldey et al. 2020), which distinguishes the standard-setting (S), privileged (P) and compensatory (E) functions of labor law.<br>
−
<li>[[Third body notification of dismissal]]</li>
+
|codingrules =
 +
The index calculation is based on 13 CBR-LRI indicators:
 +
<ul>
 +
<li>Annual leave entitlements: CBR-LRI, B.9</li>
 +
<li>Public holiday entitlements: CBR-LRI, B.10</li>
 +
<li>Overtime premia: CBR-LRI, B.11</li>
 +
<li>Weekend working: CBR-LRI, B.12</li>
 +
<li>Limits to overtime working: CBR-LRI, B.13</li>
 +
<li>Duration of the normal working week: CBR-LRI; B.14</li>
 +
<li>Maximum daily working time: CBR-LRI, B.15</li>
 +
<li>Legally mandated notice period: CBR-LRI, C.16</li>
 +
<li>Legally mandated redundancy compensation: CBR-LRI, C.17</li>
 +
<li>Law imposes procedural constraints on dismissal: CBR-LRI, C.19</li>
 +
<li>Law imposes substantive constraints on dismissal: CBR-LRI, C.20</li>
 +
<li>Reinstatement normal remedy for unfair dismissal: CBR-LRI, C.21</li>
 +
<li>Notification of dismissal: CBR-LRI, C.22</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
−
|description = The standard-setting function captures the level of general worker protection in individual labour law. The function refers to active norm-setting that defines general standards of legal protection. It consists of two relevant dimensions, working time restriction and dismissal protection, that are measured by 13 indicators based on legal norms.
+
Using these indicators, an additive index was calculated by adding the values of all variables in the dimensions "Working time" (CBR-LRI 9-15, N=7) and "Dismissal" (CBR-LRI 16-22, N=7) and dividing by their number. The scales of the dimensions working time and dismissal protection are normalised, that is, they are divided them by their empirical maximum. Each dimension is assigned identical weights, as are all indications of the same dimension. Finally, the two dimensions are added together and divided by two to generate the index "Standard-setting function". The calculations reproduce the SPE typology from Dingeldey et al. 2020, 2022 with the exact same data (in consultation with the persons responsible for the calculations and exchange of the STATA-do files). All missing values were excluded from the analysis.
−
|codingrules = The index calculation solely relies on 13 CBR-LRI indicators: Annual leave entitlements, Public holiday entitlements, Overtime premia, Weekend working, Limits to overtime working, Duration of the normal working week, Maximum daily working time, Legally mandated notice period, Legally mandated redundancy compensation, Law imposes procedural constraints on dismissal, Law imposes substantive constraints on dismissal, Reinstatement normal remedy for unfair dismissal and Third body notification of dismissal.  
 
−
We calculated the mean of all indicators of one dimension, and again the mean of all dimensions of the function, thereby assigning equal weights to each dimension, and thus equal weights to all indicators of one dimension. The dimensions working time and dismissal protection showed empirical maxima below ‘1’ over the period of 43 years. We therefore normalised their scales, that is, we divided them by their empirical maximum.
 
 
|citation =  
 
|citation =  
 +
Schäfer, Andrea, Marina Carlino, Irene Dingeldey, Heiner Fechner, Ulrich Mückenberger and (2024). Standard-setting function data (2024). University of Bremen.
 +
|relatedpublications =
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
−
<li>Dingeldey, Irene, Heiner Fechner, Jean-Yves Gerlitz, Jenny Hahs, and Ulrich Mückenberger. 2020. "Measuring Legal Segmentation in Labour Law." ''SOCIUM SFB 1342 Working Papers No. 5'', Bremen: SOCIUM, University of Bremen. [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/f/90e3891ffd.pdf https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/f/90e3891ffd.pdf]
+
<li>Adams, Zoe, Bhumika Billa, Louise Bishop, Simon Deakin and Tvisha Shroff (2023). CBR Labour Regulation Index (Dataset of 117 Countries, 1970-2022) - Codes and Sources. Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge. at: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.9130.2</li>
−
<li>Dingeldey, Irene, Heiner Fechner, Jean-Yves Gerlitz, Jenny Hahs, and Ulrich Mückenberger. FORTHCOMING. "Worlds of Labour: Introducing the SPE Typology as a Measure of Legal Segmentation in Labour Law." Manuscript under review at the ''Industrial Law Journal''.
+
<li>Carlino, Marina, Fechner, Heiner, and Schäfer, Andrea (2025, forthcoming). Using leximetrics for coding legal segmentation in employment law: The development and potential of the Worlds of Labour database. In I. Dingeldey, H. Fechner, & U. Mückenberger (Eds.), Constructing Worlds of Labour. Coverage and Generosity of Labour Law as Outcomes of Regulatory Social Policy. Palgrave Macmillan. p.53-83 </li>
 +
<li>Deakin, Simon, Johna Armour and Mathias Siems (2023). CBR Leximetric Datasets [Updated 2023]. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.9130.2</li>
 +
<li>Dingeldey, Irene, Heiner Fechner, Jean-Yves Gerlitz, Jenny Hahs, and Ulrich Mückenberger (2020). Measuring Legal Segmentation in Labour Law. SOCIUM SFB 1342 Working Papers No. 5, Bremen: SOCIUM, University of Bremen. https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/f/90e3891ffd.pdf</li>
 +
<li> Dingeldey, Irene, Heiner Fechner, Jean-Yves Gerlitz, Jenny Hahs, and Ulrich Mückenberger (2022). Worlds of Labour: Introducing the Standard-Setting, Privileging and Equalising Typology as a Measure of Legal Segmentation in Labour Law, Industrial Law Journal, 51(3), p.560–597</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
−
|relatedpublications =  
+
|projectmanagers = Responsible for data editing, calculation, description (WESIS) and entry: Andrea Schäfer (2021-2025), Heiner Fechner (2018-2025); Responsible for data coding: Heiner Fechner (2018-2025), Marina Carlino (2022-2025); Principal Investigator: Irene Dingeldey, Ulrich Mückenberger; Student assistants for coding (alphabetical ordering): Julia Bode, Jessica Bonn, Daniel Euler, Jan-Christopher Floren, Maxime Fischer, Jennifer Götte, Eliko Hagen, Désirée Hoppe, Irina Kyburz, Alexandra Kojnow, Tarek Mahmalat, Karolin Meyer, Oguz Mermut, Johanna Nold, Tanusha Pali, Johannes Ramsauer, Max Sudhoff, Kristina Walter, Caroline Zambiasi
 +
|datarelease =  
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
−
  <li>
+
  <li>Version 0.001: Initial release with data from CBR-LRI published in April 2017 (data for the period from (in most cases) 1970 to 2013)</li>
−
Adams, Zoe, Louise Bishop, and Simon Deakin. 2016. CBR Labour Regulation Index (Dataset of 117 Countries). Cambridge: Centre for Business Research. [https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/263766/CBR_LRI_Dataset_Codebook_Methodology_2017_pdf.pdf?sequence=16&isAllowed=y https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/263766/CBR_LRI_Dataset_Codebook_Methodology_2017_pdf.pdf?sequence=16&isAllowed=y]
 
−
</li>
 
−
Adams, Zoe, Parisa Bastani, Louise Bishop, and Simon Deakin. 2017. "The CBR-LRI Dataset: Methods, Properties and Potential of Leximetric Coding of Labour Law." ''International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations'' 33 (1): 59–91. [http://kluwerlawonline.com/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=IJCL2017004 http://kluwerlawonline.com/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=IJCL2017004]
 
−
<li>
 
−
Deakin, Simon, Jonas Malmberg, and Prabirjit Sarkar. 2014. "How do labour laws affect unemployment and the labour share of national income? The experience of six OECD countries, 1970-2010". International Labour Review 153 (1): 1-27. [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2014.00195.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2014.00195.x]
 
−
</li>
 
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
−
|projectmanagers = Andrea Schäfer, Jean-Yves Gerlitz
+
|revisions = No revisions yet
−
|datarelease =
 
−
|revisions =
 
 
|sources =  
 
|sources =  
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
−
<li> Own coding </li>
+
<li>Deakin, Simon, Johna Armour and Mathias Siems (2017). CBR Leximetric Datasets [updated]. [Dataset]. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.9130</li>
−
<li> Deakin, Simon, John Armour, and Mathias Siems. 2017. "CBR Leximetric Datasets [updated] [Dataset]". [https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.9130 https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.9130]</li>
 
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
}}
 
}}

Latest revision as of 12:49, 5 February 2025

Quick info
Data type Numeric
Scale Metric
Value labels Not applicable
Technical name labor_stand_sett_func
Category Labour and labour market
Label Standard-setting function
Related indicators

"Standard-setting function" measures the level of general worker protection in individual labour law in place in a country during a particular year. The function refers to active norm-setting that defines general standards of legal protection. The indicator ranges from 0 to 1 where 1 is the maximum value reflecting the highest possible level of general worker protection. The variable is available for 115 countries from 1970 to 2013, using 13 CBR-LRI variables. The data from CBR Labour Regulation Index Dataset was coded using provisions of law and relevant court decisions, which are taken from secondary sources, national law databases, and ILO NATLEX data (see Adams et al. 2017, 2023). The "Standard-setting function" is recreated from the SPE-typology (see Dingeldey et al. 2020), which distinguishes the standard-setting (S), privileged (P) and compensatory (E) functions of labor law.


Coding rules

The index calculation is based on 13 CBR-LRI indicators:

  • Annual leave entitlements: CBR-LRI, B.9
  • Public holiday entitlements: CBR-LRI, B.10
  • Overtime premia: CBR-LRI, B.11
  • Weekend working: CBR-LRI, B.12
  • Limits to overtime working: CBR-LRI, B.13
  • Duration of the normal working week: CBR-LRI; B.14
  • Maximum daily working time: CBR-LRI, B.15
  • Legally mandated notice period: CBR-LRI, C.16
  • Legally mandated redundancy compensation: CBR-LRI, C.17
  • Law imposes procedural constraints on dismissal: CBR-LRI, C.19
  • Law imposes substantive constraints on dismissal: CBR-LRI, C.20
  • Reinstatement normal remedy for unfair dismissal: CBR-LRI, C.21
  • Notification of dismissal: CBR-LRI, C.22

Using these indicators, an additive index was calculated by adding the values of all variables in the dimensions "Working time" (CBR-LRI 9-15, N=7) and "Dismissal" (CBR-LRI 16-22, N=7) and dividing by their number. The scales of the dimensions working time and dismissal protection are normalised, that is, they are divided them by their empirical maximum. Each dimension is assigned identical weights, as are all indications of the same dimension. Finally, the two dimensions are added together and divided by two to generate the index "Standard-setting function". The calculations reproduce the SPE typology from Dingeldey et al. 2020, 2022 with the exact same data (in consultation with the persons responsible for the calculations and exchange of the STATA-do files). All missing values were excluded from the analysis.


Bibliographic info

Citation: Schäfer, Andrea, Marina Carlino, Irene Dingeldey, Heiner Fechner, Ulrich Mückenberger and (2024). Standard-setting function data (2024). University of Bremen.


Related publications:
  • Adams, Zoe, Bhumika Billa, Louise Bishop, Simon Deakin and Tvisha Shroff (2023). CBR Labour Regulation Index (Dataset of 117 Countries, 1970-2022) - Codes and Sources. Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge. at: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.9130.2
  • Carlino, Marina, Fechner, Heiner, and Schäfer, Andrea (2025, forthcoming). Using leximetrics for coding legal segmentation in employment law: The development and potential of the Worlds of Labour database. In I. Dingeldey, H. Fechner, & U. Mückenberger (Eds.), Constructing Worlds of Labour. Coverage and Generosity of Labour Law as Outcomes of Regulatory Social Policy. Palgrave Macmillan. p.53-83
  • Deakin, Simon, Johna Armour and Mathias Siems (2023). CBR Leximetric Datasets [Updated 2023]. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.9130.2
  • Dingeldey, Irene, Heiner Fechner, Jean-Yves Gerlitz, Jenny Hahs, and Ulrich Mückenberger (2020). Measuring Legal Segmentation in Labour Law. SOCIUM SFB 1342 Working Papers No. 5, Bremen: SOCIUM, University of Bremen. https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/f/90e3891ffd.pdf
  • Dingeldey, Irene, Heiner Fechner, Jean-Yves Gerlitz, Jenny Hahs, and Ulrich Mückenberger (2022). Worlds of Labour: Introducing the Standard-Setting, Privileging and Equalising Typology as a Measure of Legal Segmentation in Labour Law, Industrial Law Journal, 51(3), p.560–597



Misc

Project manager(s): Responsible for data editing, calculation, description (WESIS) and entry: Andrea Schäfer (2021-2025), Heiner Fechner (2018-2025); Responsible for data coding: Heiner Fechner (2018-2025), Marina Carlino (2022-2025); Principal Investigator: Irene Dingeldey, Ulrich Mückenberger; Student assistants for coding (alphabetical ordering): Julia Bode, Jessica Bonn, Daniel Euler, Jan-Christopher Floren, Maxime Fischer, Jennifer Götte, Eliko Hagen, Désirée Hoppe, Irina Kyburz, Alexandra Kojnow, Tarek Mahmalat, Karolin Meyer, Oguz Mermut, Johanna Nold, Tanusha Pali, Johannes Ramsauer, Max Sudhoff, Kristina Walter, Caroline Zambiasi


Data release:
  • Version 0.001: Initial release with data from CBR-LRI published in April 2017 (data for the period from (in most cases) 1970 to 2013)


Revisions: No revisions yet

Sources

  • Deakin, Simon, Johna Armour and Mathias Siems (2017). CBR Leximetric Datasets [updated]. [Dataset]. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.9130
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