Religious education compulsory (CRC 1342)
| Quick info | |
|---|---|
| Data type | Numeric |
| Scale | Binary |
| Value labels | Not applicable |
| Technical name | edu_relig |
| Category | Education and training |
| Label | Religious education compulsory |
| Related indicators | |
This indicator refers to the question whether religious education is compulsory at any point in compulsory school-life.
Coding rules
It relates to religion as a compulsory part of the state curriculum. It does NOT include missionary schools. The term “compulsory” refers to parts of the education system which are obligatory for a particular population. This population is usually defined by an age or gender, varying between countries and over time. The duration of compulsory school attendance and the duration of compulsory school levels differ between countries. Compulsory schooling can include pre-school as well as aspects of schooling such as the language of instruction or compulsory subjects such as religion and which can take place either at a school or at home (“homeschooling”), depending on the countries policy. Only few states introduce compulsory schooling for the genders separately.
Subcategory I: Cultural reproduction
Cultural reproduction includes indicators specifying subjects or courses taught within the compulsory section of state mandated schooling. These indicators include the reform of languages of instruction, as well as their specification. If there are more than three indigenous languages available as medium of instruction for the entire program, they were coded as indigenous languages. Many states however, include one or two official languages, often English and multiple indigenous languages to server smaller groups. The languages was only coded if the entire program was to be taught in this langue, instead of single classes. The language of instruction does not need to be an official language, but needs to be specifically allowed by the state. Another group of indicators of cultural reproduction is the teaching of religion, universalistic ethics or Marxist-Leninist philosophies within the state-mandated curriculum. These indicators are binary and denote the compulsory nature of these aspects.
Subcategory II: Curriculum
The indicators in this dataset can be grouped into 5 categories, based on the information they contain: system, resources, performance, participation and cultural reproduction. In addition, a second category allows a more differentiated classification of the different indicators. In general, the systems category defines all legally implemented structures of education systems (e.g. the introduction of compulsory schooling). Resources denotes financial or personnel resources a system can distribute (e.g. student-teacher ratios). Performance describes indicators linked to the successful progression of student through the education system (for example completion rates). Cultural reproduction is mostly linked to the curriculum and describes indicators related to teaching content. The grouping of indicators allows for a better overview of the data as displayed in WESIS.
For further information see the Technical Paper [1].
Bibliographic info
Citation: Windzio, Michael; Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen, 2021: Historical Education System Data (HESDat), SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series/12/2021, Bremen: SFB 1342.
Related publications:
Misc
Project manager(s): Fabian Besche-Truthe, Michael Windzio, Helen Seitzer
- Version 0.001: Initial release
Revisions: No revisions yet
Sources
- Corner, Trevor, ed. 2016. Education in the European Union. Post-2003 Member States. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Mulcahy, D. E., Donal G. Mulcahy, and Roger Saul, eds. 2015. Education in North America. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Kirdar, Serra, ed. 2019. Education in the Arab world. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Ahmed,Mah-E-Rukh, ed. 2015. Education in West Central Asia. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Wolhuter, Charl, ed. 2015. Education in East and Central Africa. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Elvir, Ana P., Charles Posner, and Chris Martin, eds. 2020. Education in Mexico, Central America and the Latin Caribbean. Education around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Ivanenko, Natasha, ed. 2015. Education in Eastern Europe and Eurasia. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Harber, Clive, ed. 2015. Education in Southern Africa. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
- Takyi-Amoako, Emefa, ed. 2016. Education in West Africa. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic
- Postlethwaite, T. Neville, 1995. International Encyclopedia of National Systems of Education 2 (National Systems of Education). https://www.elsevier.com/books/international-encyclopedia-of-national-systems-of-education/postlethwaite/978-0-08-042302-9
- Pe Symaco, Lorraine, ed. 2015. Education in South-East Asia. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academia.
- Marlow-Ferguson, Rebecca. 2002. World education encyclopedia: a survey of educational systems worldwide - A - H. Detroit: Gale Group.
- Marlow-Ferguson, Rebecca. 2002. World education encyclopedia: a survey of educational systems worldwide - I - R. Detroit: Gale Group.
- Marlow-Ferguson, Rebecca. 2002. World education encyclopedia: a survey of educational systems worldwide - S - Z. Detroit: Gale Group.
