Law provides for equal access to employment concerning ethnicity/race
| Quick info | |
|---|---|
| Data type | Numeric |
| Scale | Metric |
| Value labels | Not applicable in the strict sense since the scale is quasi-metric, but for coding the following values were used for orientation:
New template for Version 2 adds: further gradations between 0 and 1 reflect changes in the strength of the law |
| Technical name | labor_eqacc_ethn |
| Category | Labour and labour market |
| Label | Law provides for equal access to employment concerning ethnicity/race |
| Related indicators |
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This WoL indicator measures the extent and strength of the legal equality of ethnically or racially disadvantaged people with regard to the application and recruitment process.
Discrimination against people of different skin colours and ascribed ‘races’, which has historically developed in the context of slavery and servitude, particularly in the context of the introduction of capitalist structures in Europe and the Americas, has resulted in persistent socio-economic inequality in many parts of the world, including corresponding disadvantages in labour markets. Racial discrimination especially impacts access to employment, where either certain jobs are de facto reserved for certain ethnic or racialised groups, or companies are de facto closed altogether for marginalised groups. The variable aims to measure the strength of the prohibition of corresponding mechanisms of discrimination and unequal treatment concerning access to employment.
The characteristics of racial discrimination and targeted measures are discussed in detail in the ILO General Survey on Equality of Treatment in Respect of Employment and Occupation of 1996, including country examples.
Coding rules
The WoL is a leximetric dataset on individual employment protection. It quantifies the strength of the standard-setting, privileging, and equalising function of individual labour law (see Dingeldey et al. 2022). The scale ranges from "0" to "1" where "0" corresponds to the absence of a guarantee of non-discrimination concerning the application and contracting phase in terms of ethnicity/race, and "1" to the law that guarantees non-discrimination based on ethnicity/race in terms of access to employment. Coding instructions and description of indicators are laid down in a technical paper (Fechner/Carlino, forthcoming). For country-specific information see WoL documentation (forthcoming).
Bibliographic info
Citation: Irene Dingeldey, Heiner Fechner, Jean-Yves Gerlitz, Jenny Hahs, Ulrich Mückenberger, Worlds of Labour: Introducing the Standard-Setting, Privileging and Equalising Typology as a Measure of Legal Segmentation in Labour Law, Industrial Law Journal, Volume 51, Issue 3, September 2022, Pages 560–597, https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwab016
Related publications:- Mückenberger, Ulrich, 1985. "Die Krise des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses - Hat das Arbeitsrecht noch Zukunft?" Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 31: 415-434; 457-475
- Mückenberger, Ulrich, and Simon Deakin. 1989. "From Deregulation to a European Floor of Rights: Labour Law, Flexibilisation and the European Single Market." Zeitschrift Für Ausländisches Und Internationales Arbeits- Und Sozialrecht 3: 153–207.
- Carlino, M., Fechner, H., & Schäfer, A. (2024). Using leximetrics for coding legal segmentation in employment law: The development and potential of the Worlds of Labour database. In I. Dingeldey, H. Fechner, & U. Mückenberger (Eds.), Constructing Worlds of Labour. Coverage and Generosity of Labour Law as Outcomes of Regulatory Social Policy. Palgrave Macmillan.
Misc
Project manager(s):
Responsible for data coding: Heiner Fechner (2018-2025)
Responsible for data editing and entry: Heiner Fechner (2024-2025), Andrea Schäfer (2021-2025), Jean-Yves Gerlitz (2018-2020)
Principal Investigators: Irene Dingeldey, Ulrich Mückenberger
Student assistants (2018-2025): Julia Bode, Jessica Bonn, Daniel Euler, Maxime Fischer, Jan-Christopher Floren, Jennifer Götte, Désirée Hoppe, Irina Kyburz, Alexandra Kojnow, Tarek Mahmalat, Karolin Meyer, Johanna Nold, Tanusha Pali, Johannes Ramsauer, Max Sudhoff, Kristina Walter, Caroline Zambiasi.
- Version 0.001: Initial release
Revisions: The template has been revised in 2024, but coding for the completion of the revised dataset is still ongoing; values in WeSIS Version 0.001 correspond to the original template.
Sources
Own coding.
