Year of introduction of old-age pension program

Quick info
Data type	Date
Scale	Date
Value labels	Not applicable
Technical name	old_pension_firstlaw
Category	Old age and survivors
Label	Old-age pension introduction of first federal law
Related indicators	Design of old-age pension program Design of old-age pension program, second pillar

This indicator refers to the year in which the first public old-age pension program/system has been passed by law. This date can differ from the date the old-age pension program actually came into force. Later amendments – such as the extension of coverage to further beneficiaries or the creation of additional pillars that rely on different financing sources – are regarded as reforms of such programs. Old-age protection comprises all kinds of contributory and non-contributory financed programs that target income transfers to people at retirement age. Old-age pension laws mostly comprise survivor's pensions to spouses and dependent children of deceased injured, too.

Coding rules

The first public old-age pension program/system of a country must meet two conditions. "First, access to old-age protection must either be defined as a right of citizenship or as a mandatory insurance duty" (Grünewald 2020: 5). Thus, voluntary old-age pension programs are not considered as first programs. Second, a first old-age pension program must at least cover one of the following ten occupational/social groups/sectors of the private sector or cover all citizens (Grünewald 2020: 5). These groups/sectors are defined as: 1) agriculture; 2) extractive and manufacturing industry; 3) commerce and finance; 4) students and apprentices; 5) domestic and family workers; 6) home workers; 7) employers; 8) self-employed; 9) temporary and seasonal workers; or 10) foreign workers (Grünewald 2020: 6).

Bibliographic info

Citation: Grünewald, Aline. 2020. "The historical origins of old-age pension schemes: Mapping global patterns." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2020.23

Related publications:

• Grünewald, Aline. 2021. "From Benefits and Beneficiaries: The Historical Origins of Old-Age Pensions From a Political Regime Perspective." Comparative Political Studies 54 (8): 1424-1458. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414021989763

Misc

Project manager(s): Aline Grünewald

Data release:

• Version 0.001: Initial release

Revisions: No revisions yet

Sources

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