Barriers to parties

Quick info
Data type	Numeric
Scale	Metric
Value labels	Not applicable
Technical name	polnat_polity_parties_barriers_vdem
Category	Political factors
Label	Barriers upon political party formation (V-Dem)
Related indicators	Party ban Opposition parties autonomy Party organizations Legislative party cohesion Party competition across regions

Aggregated V-Dem country expert ratings whether political parties are facing any barriers upon their formation. Lower values indicate more barriers, higher values suggest less barriers.

Coding rules

Ordinal ratings were aggregated to interval scale applying V-Dem's measurement model (Pemstein et al. 2021). Experts were asked "How restrictive are the barriers to forming a party?" whereby barriers are defined as "legal requirements such as requirements for membership or financial deposits, as well as harassment", and the ordinal wordings of the question were (Coppedge et al. 2021, 91):

• 0: Parties are not allowed.
• 1: It is impossible, or virtually impossible, for parties not affiliated with the government to form (legally).
• 2: There are significant obstacles (e.g. party leaders face high levels of regular political harassment by authorities).
• 3: There are modest barriers (e.g. party leaders face occasional political harassment by authorities).
• 4: There are no substantial barriers.

Bibliographic info

Citation: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundtröm, Eitan Tzelgov, Luca Uberti, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2021. "V-Dem Codebook v11.1" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.

Related publications:

• Pemstein, Daniel, Kyle L. Marquardt, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Juraj Medzihorsky, Joshua Krusell, Farhad Miri, and Johannes von Römer. 2021. “The V-Dem Measurement Model: Latent Variable Analysis for Cross-National and Cross-Temporal Expert-Coded Data”. V-Dem Working Paper No. 21. 6th edition. University of Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute.

Misc

Project manager(s): Nils Düpont (A01), Paul Bederke

Data release:

• Indicator updated with new data based on V-Dem release v11.1 on March 31, 2021

Revisions: Not yet applicable

Sources

• Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, Nazifa Alizada, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Garry Hindle, Nina Ilchenko, Joshua Krusell, Anna Lührmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von Römer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundström, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson and Daniel Ziblatt. 2021. "V-Dem [Country–Year/Country–Date] Dataset v11.1" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds21