View source for Introduction of common medium of instruction (CRC 1342)

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{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = Not applicable
|techname = edu_intr_med_instr
|category= [[Education_and_training|Education and training]]
|label = Introduction of common medium of instruction
|relatedindicators =
<ul>
<li>[[Official medium of instruction (CRC 1342)]]</li>
<li>[[Official medium of instruction binary (CRC 1342)]]</li>
</ul> 
|description = This variable refers to the year of introduction of one or several official medium of instruction.
|codingrules = We specifically coded only medium of instruction. So a country having an official language does not count as long as it is not mentioned in legislation that this particular language is to be used in education. The year of the first legislation is coded; changes can be tracked via the related variable edu_med_instr. In some countries (for example Belgium) there is more than one established national language. This does not automatically mean that they all count as medium of instruction. Only the languages legally introduced as language used in schools are included as a value. When a new medium gets introduced, but the existing ones retain their status, they are listed, so it becomes comprehensible which media were established at a given point in time. In some countries there are various indigenous languages established as official medium of instruction. If more than three of them are mentioned, they are summarized as “indigenous languages” in order to ensure clarity.

Subcategory I: The indicators in this dataset can be grouped into 5 categories, based on the information they contain: system, resources, performance, participation and cultural reproduction. In addition, a second category allows a more differentiated classification of the different indicators. In general, the systems category defines all legally implemented structures of education systems (e.g. the introduction of compulsory schooling). Resources denotes financial or personnel resources a system can distribute (e.g. student-teacher ratios). Performance describes indicators linked to the successful progression of student through the education system (for example completion rates). Cultural reproduction is mostly linked to the curriculum and describes indicators related to teaching content. The grouping of indicators allows for a better overview of the data as displayed in WESIS.

Subcategory II: Cultural reproduction

Cultural reproduction includes indicators specifying subjects or courses taught within the compulsory section of state mandated schooling. These indicators include the reform of languages of instruction, as well as their specification. If there are more than three indigenous languages available as medium of instruction for the entire program, they were coded as indigenous languages. Many states however, include one or two official languages, often English and multiple indigenous languages to server smaller groups. The languages was only coded if the entire program was to be taught in this langue, instead of single classes. The language of instruction does not need to be an official language, but needs to be specifically allowed by the state. Another group of indicators of cultural reproduction is the teaching of religion, universalistic ethics or Marxist-Leninist philosophies within the state-mandated curriculum. These indicators are binary and denote the compulsory nature of these aspects.

For further information see the Technical Paper [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/f/d89734af3a.pdf].
|citation = Windzio, Michael; Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen, 2021: Historical Education System Data (HESDat), SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series/12/2021, Bremen: SFB 1342.
|relatedpublications = 
|projectmanagers = Fabian Besche-Truthe, Michael Windzio, Helen Seitzer
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = 
<ul>
<li> Corner, Trevor, ed. 2016. Education in the European Union. Post-2003 Member States. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.</li>
<li> Mulcahy, D. E., Donal G. Mulcahy, and Roger Saul, eds. 2015. Education in North America. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.</li>
<li> Kirdar, Serra, ed. 2019. Education in the Arab world. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.</li>
<li> Ahmed,Mah-E-Rukh, ed. 2015. Education in West Central Asia. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.</li>
<li>Wolhuter, Charl, ed. 2015. Education in East and Central Africa. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.</li>
<li>Ivanenko, Natasha, ed. 2015. Education in Eastern Europe and Eurasia. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.</li>
<li>Thomas, Emel, ed. 2015. Education in the Commonwealth Caribbean and Netherlands Antilles. Education around the world Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic</li>
<li>Schwarzman, Simon, ed. 2017. Education in South America. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.</li>
<li>Harber, Clive, ed. 2015. Education in Southern Africa. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic.</li>
<li>Takyi-Amoako, Emefa, ed. 2016. Education in West Africa. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic</li>
<li>Letchamanan, Hema, and Debotri Dhar, eds. 2018. Education in South Asia and the Indian Ocean Islands. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academic</li>
<li>Pe Symaco, Lorraine, ed. 2015. Education in South-East Asia. Education Around the World Series. London: Bloomsbury Academia.</li>
<li>Education Law</li>
<li>Marlow-Ferguson, Rebecca. 2002. World education encyclopedia: a survey of educational systems worldwide -  A - H.  Detroit: Gale Group.</li>
<li>Marlow-Ferguson, Rebecca. 2002. World education encyclopedia: a survey of educational systems worldwide -  I - R.  Detroit: Gale Group.</li>
<li>Marlow-Ferguson, Rebecca. 2002. World education encyclopedia: a survey of educational systems worldwide -  S - Z.  Detroit: Gale Group.</li>
</ul>


}}