Children in employment, female
| Quick info | |
|---|---|
| Data type | Numeric |
| Scale | Metric |
| Value labels | Not applicable |
| Technical name | socstr_lm_ep_cepf |
| Category | Social structure |
| Label | Children in employment, female |
| Related indicators | |
"Children in employment, female" measures the percentage of female economically active children aged 7-14 who are engaged in economic activity for at least one hour during the reference week of the survey.
Coding rules
The variable measures the percentage of female economically active children ages 7-14.
Children in employment, as used here, is a broader concept than child labor, encompassing any form of economic activity, not just work considered exploitative or harmful (for a distinction, see ILO). Employment by economic activity classifies economically active children according to the major industrial categories of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). Although more boys tend to be involved in employment, or the gender gap is small, girls are often more likely to be engaged in hidden or underreported forms of work, such as domestic service. Additionally, in nearly all societies, girls typically bear a larger share of household chores, which fall outside the System of National Accounts production boundary and are not included in estimates of children’s employment. Despite efforts to harmonize employment definitions and standardize survey questionnaires, significant differences persist in how employment data is collected across surveys, even within the same country. These variations in survey instruments and sampling designs make cross-country comparisons of children’s employment estimates difficult and less reliable.
Teorell et al. (2024:1458) defines the variable as "Children in employment refer to children involved in economic activity for at least one hour in the reference week of the survey. Female.".
Bibliographic info
Citation:- Teorell, Jan, Aksel Sundström, Sören Holmberg, Bo Rothstein, Natalia Alvarado Pachon, Cem Mert Dalli, Rafael Lopez Valverde & Paula Nilsson (2024). The Quality of Government Standard Dataset, version Jan24. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, https://www.gu.se/en/quality-government, doi:10.18157/qogstdjan24
- World Bank. (2023). World development indicators. The World Bank Washington DC. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
Related publications:
Misc
Project manager(s): Responsible for data editing, description (WESIS) and entry: Andrea Schäfer (2021-2025); Principal Investigator: Irene Dingeldey, Ulrich Mückenberger
Data release:- Version 0.001: Updated with data from The Quality of Government Standard Dataset, version January 2024
Revisions: No revisions yet
Sources
- Teorell, Jan, Aksel Sundström, Sören Holmberg, Bo Rothstein, Natalia Alvarado Pachon, Cem Mert Dalli, Rafael Lopez Valverde & Paula Nilsson (2024). The Quality of Government Standard Dataset, version Jan24. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute, https://www.gu.se/en/quality-government, doi:10.18157/qogstdjan24
- World Bank. (2023). World development indicators. The World Bank Washington DC. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
