Year of introduction of old-age pension program
| Quick info | |
|---|---|
| Data type | Date |
| Scale | Date |
| Value labels | Not applicable |
| Technical name | old_pension_firstlaw |
| Category | Old age and survivors |
| Label | Old age pension introduction of first federal law |
| Related indicators | old_pension_design |
This indicator refers to the year in which the first public old-age pension program/system has been passed by law. This date can differ from the date the old-age pension program actually came into force. Later amendments – such as the extension of coverage to further beneficiaries or the creation of additional pillars that rely on different financing sources – are regarded as reforms of such programs. Old-age protection comprises all kinds of contributory and non-contributory financed programs that target income transfers to people at retirement age. Old-age pension laws mostly comprise survivor's pensions to spouses and dependent children of deceased injured, too.
Coding rules
The first public old-age pension program/system of a country must meet two conditions. "First, access to old-age protection must either be defined as a right of citizenship or as a mandatory insurance duty" (Grünewald 2020: 5). Thus, voluntary old-age pension programs are not considered as first programs. Second, a first old-age pension program must at least cover one of the following ten occupational/social groups/sectors of the private sector or cover all citizens (Grünewald 2020: 5). These groups/sectors are defined as: 1) agriculture; 2) extractive and manufacturing industry; 3) commerce and finance; 4) students and apprentices; 5) domestic and family workers; 6) home workers; 7) employers; 8) self-employed; 9) temporary and seasonal workers; or 10) foreign workers (Grünewald 2020: 6).
Bibliographic info
Citation: Grünewald, Aline. 2020. "The historical origins of old-age pension schemes: Mapping global patterns." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy: 1-19. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-international-and-comparative-social-policy/article/abs/historical-origins-of-oldage-pension-schemes/2B14501D496F04C354DE0A32F1C94BE2
Related publications: related publications
Misc
Project manager(s): Aline Grünewald
Data release: data release
Revisions: revisions
Sources
- Colombia. 1946. "Ley 90 de 1946. Por la cual se establece el seguro social obligatorio y se crea el Instituto Colombiano de Seguros Sociales". http://comisionseptimasenado.gov.co/Pensiones/pdf/1946%20LEY%200090.pdf
- Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. 1963. "El Derecho a la Seguridad Social". http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Cuba83sp/capitulo11.htm
- Diario de Centro América. 1946. TOMO XLVII.
- Doak, W. N. and Ethelbert Stewart. 1932. "Public Old-Age Pensions and Insurance in the United States and Foreign Countries". Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics 561: 1-207.
- Germany. 1889. "Gesetz, betreffend die Invaliditäts-und Alterssicherung". Deutsches Reichsgesetzblatt 1889 (13): 97-144.
- Haiti. 1965. "Décret du 8 Novembre 1965 Instituant l'Assurance-Vieillesse Obligatoire". https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/MONOGRAPH/52273/60665/F-1178575254/HTI-52273.pdf
- ILO. 1919-1984. "ILO Legislative Series". https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/P/09607/
- Mexico. 1943. "Ley del Seguro Social". http://censoarchivos.mcu.es/CensoGui/archivodetail.htm?id=55354
- Spectator Archive. 1906. "The Austrian Pension Law". http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/7th-september-1907/14/the-austrian-pension-law
- USSSA. 1939-2019. "Social Security Programs Throughout the World". https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/
