Year of introduction of old-age pension program
| Quick info | |
|---|---|
| Data type | Date |
| Scale | Date |
| Value labels | Not applicable |
| Technical name | old_pension_firstlaw |
| Category | Old age and survivors |
| Label | Old age pension introduction of first federal law |
| Related indicators | old_pension_design |
This indicator refers to the year in which the first public old-age pension program/system has been passed by law. This date can differ from the date the old-age pension program actually came into force. Later amendments – such as the extension of coverage to further beneficiaries or the creation of additional pillars that rely on different financing sources – are regarded as reforms of such programs. Old-age protection comprises all kinds of contributory and non-contributory financed programs that target income transfers to people at retirement age. Old-age pension laws mostly comprise survivor's pensions to spouses and dependent children of deceased injured, too.
Coding rules
The first public old-age pension program/system of a country must meet two conditions. "First, access to old-age protection must either be defined as a right of citizenship or as a mandatory insurance duty" (Grünewald 2020: 5). Thus, voluntary old-age pension programs are not considered as first programs. Second, a first old-age pension program must at least cover one of the following ten occupational/social groups/sectors of the private sector or cover all citizens (Grünewald 2020: 5). These groups/sectors are defined as: 1) agriculture; 2) extractive and manufacturing industry; 3) commerce and finance; 4) students and apprentices; 5) domestic and family workers; 6) home workers; 7) employers; 8) self-employed; 9) temporary and seasonal workers; or 10) foreign workers (Grünewald 2020: 6).
Bibliographic info
Citation: Grünewald, Aline 2020. "The historical origins of old-age pension schemes: Mapping global patterns." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy: 1-19. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-international-and-comparative-social-policy/article/abs/historical-origins-of-oldage-pension-schemes/2B14501D496F04C354DE0A32F1C94BE2
Related publications: related publications
Misc
Project manager(s): Aline Grünewald
Data release: data release
Revisions: revisions
Sources
sources
