Work-injury. First risk pooling law.

This is the year of the first law providing insurance against work-related injury. “Insurance” here refers to the common definition, not the legal definition, as providing some form of shared protection against risk. That is why we refer to this as “risk-pooling” not “insurance” in the variable name. This variable indicates the first instance of mandatory social risk pooling. A provident fund, for example, counts as risk-pooling because workers have a shared pool of resources to protect them in case of an accident; again this is only by law and says nothing about the effectiveness or implementation of the law. Simply having a law requiring employer liability is not risk-pooling in our definition, because there is no insurance (fund, insurance policy, etc.) backing up the legal liability. If the first law of any form in a country was a risk-pooling law, then this variable is identical to labor_workinjury_firstlaw. If only a single occupation is covered but the state makes insurance mandatory for the entire single occupation (e.g., railroad workers or miners), then this would also count as the first risk-pooling law.