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Revision as of 15:06, 16 July 2018
This page lists all "countries" included in WeSIS and their (numeric) codes. Defining a country, political unit or a state member of the international system is challenging. In order to ensure cross-comparability to other major data collections in the social sciences, we rely on the Corrrelates of War project (COW) complemented by the V-Dem project (V-Dem).
Contents
Definition and Discussion
COW and V-Dem show a huge overlap in defining entities. For COW, an entity must have "a resonable degree of autonomy". For V-Dem, an entity must be an "effective governance unit". Further criteria apply e.g. population size, diplomatic missions, or continuity with a contemporary nation-state. They partly differ regarding the treatment of successor or predecessor states. V-Dem's country codes aim at providing a consistent time series whereas COW usually treats states as "fixed". For example, COW assigns three codes to Korea, North Korea and South Korea; V-Dem subsumes Korea and South Korea under one code. Data in WeSIS can be matched on several IDs. Thus, it allows for a flexible case selection reflecting user's demands. As a coding standard, data was collected for each separate entity whenever possible.
Disclaimer: The inclusion of an entity in WeSIS is based on scientific and analytical grounds. This precludes any judgments about which territories qualify as countries. For this reason, recognizing entities in WeSIS should not be interpreted as judgments about sovereign claims to disputed territories.
Africa
| State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angola | ANG | 540 | AO | AGO | 024 | AGO | 104 | Portuguese Angola [colony, borders fixed and administration extended into the hinterland] (1900–1951); Overseas Province of Angola (1951–1975); Independent state (1975– ) | Angola |
| Benin | BEN | 434 | BJ | BEN | 204 | BEN | 52 | French Dahomey [colony within French West Africa] (1900–1958); Republic of Dahomey [autonomous] (1958–1960); Republic of Benin [independent state] (1960– ) | Benin |
| Botswana | BOT | 571 | BW | BWA | 072 | BWA | 68 | Bechuanaland Protectorate (1900–1966); Republic of Botswana [independent state] (1966-) | Botswana |
| Burkina Faso | BFO | 439 | BF | BFA | 854 | BFA | 54 | Colonial territory of Upper Volta [part of French West Africa][formed from territories previously belonging to Upper Senegal, Niger and Ivory Coast] (1919–1932); Colonial territory of Upper Volta [dissolved][territories administered by Ivory Coast, French Sudan, and Niger] (1932–1947); Colonial territory of Upper Volta [reconstituted][part of the French Union with previous boundaries] (1947); Colonial territory of Upper Volta (1947–1958); Republic of Upper Volta [self-governing within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Upper Volta [independent state] (1960–1984); Burkina Faso (1984– ) | Burkina Faso |
| Burundi | BUI | 516 | BI | BDI | 108 | BDI | 69 | Part of German East Africa (1900–1916); Ruandi-Urundi (1916–1962); Republic of Burundi [independent state] (1962– ) | Burundi |
| Cameroon | CAO | 471 | CM | CMR | 120 | CMR | 108 | German colony of Kamerun (1900–1919); Cameroon under dual League of Nations mandates [under France and Britain] (1919–1946); Cameroon [converted to UN trusteeships9 (1946–1960); Republic of Cameroon [French portion] [independent state] (1960); Republic of Cameroon and British Cameroon (1960–1961); Federal Republic of Cameroon [independent state] [Republic of Cameroon merged with southern part of British Cameroons] (1961); Republic of Cameroon (1961–1972); United Republic of Cameroon (1972–1984); Republic of Cameroon (1984- ) | Cameroon |
| Cape Verde | CAP | 402 | CV | CPV | 132 | CPV | 70 | Colony of Portugal (1900–1951); overseas province of Portugal (1951–1975); Republic of Cape Verde [independent state] (1975– ) | Cape Verde |
| Central African Republic | CEN | 482 | CF | CAF | 140 | CAF | 71 | Oubangui-Chari established as French administration [also known as Ubangi-Shari] (1903); Oubangui-Chari as part of the French Congo (1903–1906); Oubangui-Chari merged with Chad (1906); Oubangui-Chari as part of the French Congo (1906–1910); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad as part of the French Equatorial Africa [successor of French Congo] (1910–1911); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] under German occupation in its western part (1911–1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] [reoccupied by France] (1914–1920); Oubangi-Chari [autonomous unit, separated from Tchad] (1920); Oubangi-Chari [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1920–1946); Oubangi-Chari [overseas territory of the French Union] (1946–1958); Central African Republic [selfrule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Central African Republic [independent state] (1960–1976); Central African Empire (1976–1979); Central African Republic (1979–) | Central African Republic |
| Chad | CHA | 483 | TD | TCD | 148 | TCD | 109 | Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad (1900–1910); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad joins French Equatorial Africa] (1910–1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [terrytory’s pacification of present-day state complete] (1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1914–1920); Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1920–1946); Tchad [overseas territory of France] (1946–1958); Chad as a member of the Union of Central African Republics [self-rule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Chad [independent state] (1960– ) | Chad |
| Comoros | COM | 581 | KM | COM | 174 | COM | 153 | French Protectorate of the Comoros (1900–1912); Mayotte and Dependencies (1912–1914); Comoros subordinated to Madagascar (1914–1946); Comoros as a French overseas territory (1946–1975); Union of the Comoros [independent state] (1975– ) | Comoros |
| Congo | CON | 484 | CG | COG | 178 | COG | 112 | Middle Congo (1903–1910); Middle Congo (1903–1910); Middle Congo as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1910–1934); Middle Congo under direct administration of the governor-general of French Equatorial Africa (1934); Middle Congo as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1934–1958); Middle Congo as a member of the newly formed Union of Central African Republics (1958–1958); Congo Republic as a member of the newly formed Union of Central African Republics (1958–1960); Congo Republic [independent state] (1960); Congo Republic (1960–1970); People’s Republic of the Congo (1970–1991); Republic of the Congo (1991– ) | Congo |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | DRC | 490 | CD | COD | 180 | COD | 111 | Congo Free State [property of King Leopold of Belgium] (1900–1908); Belgian colony of Belgian Congo (1908–1960); Republic of Congo [independent state] [also known as Congo-Leopoldville] (1960–1965); Democratic Republic of Congo (1965–1971); Republic of Zaire (1971–1997); Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997– ) | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Djibouti | DJI | 522 | DJ | DJI | 262 | DJI | 113 | French colony of French Somaliland (1900–1967); Territoire Francais des Afars et des Issas (1967–1977); Republic of Djibouti [independent state], (1977– ) | Djibouti |
| Equatorial Guinea | EQG | 411 | GQ | GNQ | 226 | GNQ | 160 | Colony of Rio Muni, Colony of Elobey, Annobon and Corisco, and Island of Bioko [autonomous from one another] [under Spanish rule] (1900–1926); Colony of Spanish Guinea (1926–1959); Provinces of the Spanish Equatorial Region (1959–1963); Equatorial Guinea [autonomous community] (1963–1968); Republic of Equatorial Guinea [independent state] (1968– ) | Equatorial Guinea |
| Eritrea | ERI | 531 | ER | ERI | 232 | ERI | 115 | Italian colony (1900–1936); Eritrea as a province of Italian East Africa (1936–1941); Eritrea under British occupation [administered under the terms of a UN mandate] (1941–1951); Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1952–1962); Eritrea as a territory within Ethiopia (1962–1993); State of Eritrea [independent state] (1993– ) | Eritrea |
| Ethiopia | ETH | 530 | ET | ETH | 231 | ETH | 38 | Empire of Ethiopia (1789–1936); Empire of Ethiopia under Italian occupation (1936–1941); Empire of Ethiopia (1941–1974); Socialist Ethiopia (1974–1991); Socialist Ethiopia [transition phase] (1991–1995); Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995– ) | Ethiopia |
| Gabon | GAB | 481 | GA | GAB | 266 | GAB | 116 | Gabon under French sphere of influence (1900–1910); Gabon as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1910–1958); Gabon as a member of the Union of Central African Republics (1958–1960); Gabonese Republic [independent state] (1960– ) | Gabon |
| Gambia | GAM | 420 | GM | GMB | 270 | GMB | 117 | British Crown Colony of the Gambia (1900–1965); The Gambia [independent state] (1965); The Gambia [republic within the Commonwealth] (1965–1970); Republic of the Gambia (1970– ) | Gambia |
| Ghana | GHA | 452 | GH | GHA | 288 | GHA | 7 | Gold Coast Colony (1900–1902); Gold Cost Colony [consisting of the coastal regions] (1902–1919); Gold Coast Colony [joined by part of German Togoland] (1919); Gold Coast Colony [conquered territory of Asante, Northern territories protectorates ruled by a single governor] (1919–1946); Gold Coast Colony (1946–1956); Gold Coast Colony [joined by British Togoland and protectorates] (1956); Gold Coast Colony (1956–1957); Republic of Ghana (1957– ) | Ghana |
| Guinea | GUI | 438 | GN | GIN | 324 | GIN | 63 | French Guinea [part of French West Africa] (1900–1958); Republic of Guinea [independent state] (1958– ) | Guinea |
| Guinea-Bissau | GNB | 404 | GW | GNB | 624 | GNB | 119 | Colony of Portuguese Guinea (1900–1973); Republic of Guinea Bissau [independent state] (1973– ) | Guinea-Bissau |
| Ivory Coast | CDI | 437 | CI | CIV | 384 | CIV | 64 | Ivory Coast as a French colony (1900–1904); Ivory Coast [part of French West Africa] (1904–1958); Ivory Coast [member of French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Cˆote d’Ivoire [independent state] (1960– ) | Ivory Coast |
| Kenya | KEN | 501 | KE | KEN | 404 | KEN | 40 | East Africa Protectorate (1900–1920); British colony of Kenya (1920–1963); Republic of Kenya [independent state] (1963– ) | Kenya |
| Lesotho | LES | 570 | LS | LSO | 426 | LSO | 85 | British Protectorate of Basutoland (1900–1966); Kingdom of Lesotho [independent state] (1966– ) | Lesotho |
| Liberia | LBR | 450 | LR | LBR | 430 | LBR | 86 | Cape Mesurado Colony (1821–1824); Colony of Liberia (1824–1839); Commonwealth of Liberia (1839–1847); Republic of Liberia (1847– ) | Liberia |
| Madagascar | MAG | 580 | MG | MDG | 450 | MDG | 125 | Kingdom of Imerina (1817–1896); Kingdom of Imerina under French Protectorate (1896–1897); French colony of Madagascar (1897–1958); Malagasy Republic [self-rule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Madagascar [independent state] (1960– ) | Madagascar |
| Malawi | MAW | 553 | MW | MWI | 454 | MWI | 87 | British colony of Nyasaland (1900–1953); Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation [consolidated with Rhodesia (North and South)] (1953–1963); British colony of Nyasaland (1963–1964); Republic of Malawi [independent state] (1964– ) | Malawi |
| Mali | MLI | 432 | ML | MLI | 466 | MLI | 28 | French Sudan/Sudanese Republic (1900–1958); Mali Federation (1958–1960), Republic of Mali (1960– ) | Mali |
| Mauritania | MAA | 435 | MR | MRT | 478 | MRT | 65 | Mauritania as a French colony (1900–1904); Mauritania as a French colony [boundaries established] (1904–1912); Mauritania as a French colony [fully pacified] (1912); Mauritania as a French colony (1912–1920); Mauritania [member of French West Africa] (1920–1958); Republic of Mauritania [within the French Community]; Islamic Republic of Mauritania [independent state] (1960– ) | Mauritania |
| Mauritius | MAS | 590 | MU | MUS | 480 | MUS | 180 | Mauritius as a British colony (1900–1968); Republic of Mauritius [independent state] (1968-) | Mauritius |
| Mozambique | MZM | 541 | MZ | MOZ | 508 | MOZ | 57 | Portuguese colony (1900–1975); Independent state (1975– ) | Mozambique |
| Namibia | NAM | 565 | NA | NAM | 516 | NAM | 127 | German Southwest Africa (1900–1915); Southwest Africa as a South African colony (1915–1989); Republic of Namibia [independent state] (1990– ) | Namibia |
| Niger | NIR | 436 | NE | NER | 562 | NER | 60 | Niger under French influence (1900–1922); Niger as a French colony (1922–1958); Niger [self-rule within French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Niger [independent state] (1960– ) | Niger |
| Nigeria | NIG | 475 | NG | NGA | 566 | NGA | 45 | Protectorate of Northern Nigeria and the Niger Coast Protectorate/ Protectorate of Southern Nigeria [divided] (1900–1914); Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria [unified] (1914–1960); Federal Republic of Nigeria [independent state] (1960– ) | Nigeria |
| Rwanda | RWA | 517 | RW | RWA | 646 | RWA | 129 | Part of German East Africa (1900–1916); Ruanda-Urundi (1916–1962); Republic of Rwanda [independent state] (1962– ) | Rwanda |
| Sao Tome and Principe | STP | 403 | ST | STP | 678 | STP | 196 | Portuguese colony (1900–1975); Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe [independent state] (1975– ) | Sao Tome and Principe |
| Senegal | SEN | 433 | SN | SEN | 686 | SEN | 31 | French colony of Senegal (1904–1959); Mali Federation (1959–1960); Senegal [independent state] (1960–1982); Senegambia (1982–1989); Republic of Senegal (1989– ) | Senegal |
| Seychelles | SEY | 591 | SC | SYC | 690 | SYC | 199 | Seychelles as a British crown colony (1903–1976); Republic of the Seychelles [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1976– ) | Seychelles |
| Sierra Leone | SIE | 451 | SL | SLE | 694 | SLE | 95 | Sierra Leone British colony (1900–1924); Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate [each with separate legislatures] (1924–1953); Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate [self-rule] (1953–1961); Republic of Sierra Leone [independent state] (1961– ) | Sierra Leone |
| Somalia | SOM | 520 | SO | SOM | 706 | SOM | 130 | Somalia under formal Italian control over most of the territory [except British Somaliland] (1900–1910 ); Somalia under effective (more or less) Italian control (1910–1941); Somalia under British occupation (1941–1950); UN Trust Territory of Somalia under Italian administration (1950–1960); Somali Republic [unites Somaliland with the Trust Territory of Somalia] (1960–1969); Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991); Somali Democratic Republic [civil war] (1991-2004); Transitional Federal Government [civil war] (2004-2012); Federal Government of Somalia [civil war] (2012– ) | Somalia |
| South Africa | SAF | 560 | ZA | ZAF | 710 | ZAF | 8 | South Africa as a British colony (1900–1910); Union of South Africa (1910–1931); Union of South Africa [independent state] (1931–1961); Union of South Africa [exits the Commonwealth] (1961); Republic of South Africa (1961– ) | South Africa |
| South Sudan | SSD | 626 | SS | SSD | 728 | SSD | 32 | Sudan (1900-2011); Republic of South Sudan [independent state] (2011– ) | South Sudan |
| Sudan | SUD | 625 | SD | SDN | 729 | SDN | 33 | British colony under auspices of Anglo-Egyptian condominium (1900–1956); Republic of the Sudan [independent state] (1956–) | Sudan |
| Swaziland | SWA | 572 | SZ | SWZ | 748 | SWZ | 132 | Swaziland under British protectorate (1900–1968); Kingdom of Swaziland [independent state] (1968– ) | Swaziland |
| Tanzania | TAZ | 510 | TZ | TZA | 834 | TZA | 47 | Part of German East Africa (1900–1914); Tanganyika and Zanzibar [governed separately] under British League of Nations mandate (1914–1961); Tanganyika [independent state] and Zanzibar under British League of Nations mandate (1961–1964); Tanzania [Zanzibar joins Tanganyika][independent state] (1964– ) | Tanzania |
| Togo | TOG | 461 | TG | TGO | 768 | TGO | 134 | German protectorate (1900–1905); German colony of Togoland (1905–1916); Togoland under French and British administration [split into two League of Nations mandates] (1916–1946); Togoland under French and British administration [U.N. Trust Territories] (1946–1956); British Togoland joins Gold Coast, French Togoland continues a U.N. Trust Territory (1956–1959); British Togolando [joined with Gold Coast], French Togoland [autonomous republic within the French Union] (1959–1960); Togolese Republic [independent state] (1960– ) | Togo |
| Uganda | UGA | 500 | UG | UGA | 800 | UGA | 50 | Uganda as a British protectorate (1900–1914); Uganda as a British protectorate [final shape achieved] (1914); Uganda as a British protectorate (1914–1962); Republic of Uganda [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1962– ) | Uganda |
| Zambia | ZAM | 551 | ZM | ZMB | 894 | ZMB | 61 | North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia [British colonies] (1900–1911); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia merged] (1911–1923); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [significant self-rule] (1923); Colony of Northern Rhodesia (1923–1953); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [concolidated with Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation] (1953–1963); Colony of Northern Rhodesia (1963–1964); Republic of Zambia [independent state] (1964– ) | Zambia |
| Zanzibar | ZAN | 511 | ZZB | 236 | Sultanate of Zanzibar [independent] (1856–1885); Sultanate of Zanzibar under German protectorate (1885–1890); Sultanate of Zanzibar under British protectorate (1890–1963); Sultanate of Zanzibar [independent] (1963–1964); People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba (1964); People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba [joins Tanganyika to form Tanzania as a semi-autonomous region] (1964) | Sultanate of Zanzibar People's Republic of Zanzibar | |||
| Zimbabwe | ZIM | 552 | ZW | ZWE | 716 | ZWE | 62 | British colony of Southern Rhodesia (1900–1923); British Colony of Southern Rhodesia [self-governing] (1923–1953); British Colony of Southern Rhodesia [consolidated with Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation] (1953–1964); Rhodesia [independent state] (1964); Rhodesia (1964–1979); Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979–1980); Republic of Zimbabwe (1980– ) | Zimbabwe |
Americas
| State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antigua & Barbuda | AAB | 58 | AG | ATG | 028 | Antigua and Barbuda as a British colony (1900–1981); Antigua and Barbuda [independent state] (1981– ) | Antigua & Barbuda | ||
| Argentina | ARG | 160 | AR | ARG | 032 | ARG | 37 | Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (1789–1810); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (1810–1811); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata [Paraguay secedes] (1811); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (1811–1820); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata [Uruguay annexed to Brazil] (1820–1825); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata [Bolivia secedes] (1825); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (1825–1831); Argentine Confederation (1831–1852); Argentine Confederation [Buenos Aires secedes] (1852–1861); Argentine Nation/Republic (1861– ) | Argentina |
| Bahamas | BHM | 31 | BS | BHS | 044 | Bahamas as a British colony (1900–1973); Commonwealth of the Bahamas [independent state] (1973– ) | Bahamas | ||
| Barbados | BAR | 53 | BB | BRB | 052 | BRB | 147 | Barbados as a British colony (1900–1966); Barbados [independent state] (1966– ) | Barbados |
| Belize | BLZ | 80 | BZ | BLZ | 084 | British colony of British Honduras (1900–1964); British colony of British Honduras [granted self-government] (1964); British colony of British Honduras (1964–1973); Belize (1973–1981); Belize [independent state] (1981– ) | Belize | ||
| Bolivia | BOL | 145 | BO | BOL | 068 | BOL | 25 | Bolivar Republic (1825–1826); Bolivia (1826–1836); Bolivia [part of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation] (1836–1839); Bolivia (1839–1867); Bolivia [incorporates Acre] (1867); Bolivia (1867–1868); Republic of Bolivia (1868–1883); Republic of Bolivia [Pacific coastline lost to Chile] (1883); Republic of Bolivia (1883–1899); Republic of Bolivia [Acre independent] (1899–1900); Republic of Bolivia [Acre returns to Bolivia] (1900–1904); Republic of Bolivia [Acre sold to Brazil] (1904); Republic of Bolivia (1904-2009); Plurinational State of Bolivia (2009– ) | Bolivia |
| Brazil | BRA | 140 | BR | BRA | 076 | BRA | 19 | Viceroyalty of Brazil (1789–1814); Kingdom of Brazil [part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves] (1815–1820); Kingdom of Brazil [incorporates Uruguay] (1820–1822); Empire of Brazil (1822); Empire of Brazil [Uruguay incorporated] (1822–1825); Empire of Brazil (1825–1889); Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889–1904); Republic of the United States of Brazil [incorporates Acre] (1904); Republic of the United States of Brazil (1904–1968); Federative Republic of Brazil (1968– ) | Brazil |
| Canada | CAN | 20 | CA | CAN | 124 | CAN | 66 | United Province of Canada (1841–1867); Dominion of Canada (1867– ) | Canada |
| Chile | CHL | 155 | CL | CHL | 152 | CHL | 72 | Captaincy General of Chile (1789–1818); Republic of Chile (1818–1883); Republic of Chile [incorporates Bolivian Pacific Coast] (1883); Republic of Chile (1883–1888); Republic of Chile [incorporates Easter Island] (1888); Republic of Chile (1888– ) | Chile |
| Colombia | COL | 100 | CO | COL | 170 | COL | 15 | Viceroyalty of New Granada (1789–1811); Federated Provinces of New Grenada (1811–1812); United Provinces of New Grenada (1812–1819); Republic of Colombia [Gran Colombia] (1819–1903); Republic of Colombia [Panama secedes] (1903); Repulic of Colombia (1903– ) | Colombia |
| Costa Rica | COS | 94 | CR | CRI | 188 | CRI | 73 | State of Costa Rica (1838–1844); Free State of Costa Rica (1844–1847); State of Costa Rica (1847–1848); Republic of Costa Rica (1848– ) | Costa Rica |
| Cuba | CUB | 40 | CU | CUB | 192 | CUB | 155 | Spanish Captaincy-general of Cuba (1789–1898); US colony of Cuba (1898–1902); Republic of Cuba (1902– ) | Cuba |
| Dominica | DMA | 54 | DM | DMA | 212 | Dominica as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); British colony (1962–1967); Dominica [associated state of the UK with self-determination over domestic policy] (1967–1978); Dominica [independent state] (1978– ) | Dominica | ||
| Dominican Republic | DOM | 42 | DO | DOM | 214 | DOM | 114 | Spanish colony of Santo Domingo (1789–1801); Spanish colony of Santo Domingo under Haitian occupation (1801–1802); Colony of Santo Domingo under French administration (1802–1809); Colony of Santo Domingo under Spanish rule (1809–1822); Colony of Santo Domingo [annexed to Haiti] (1822–1844); Dominican Republic [independent state] (1844); Dominican Republic (1844–1861); Spanish Colony of Santo Domingo (1861–1863); Dominican Republic (1863–1916 ); Dominican Republic under US occupation(1916–1924); Dominican Republic (1924–1965); Dominican Republic under US occupation (1965–1966); Dominican Republic (1966– ) | Dominican Republic |
| Ecuador | ECU | 130 | EC | ECU | 218 | ECU | 75 | State of Ecuador (1830–1832); State of Ecuador [Galapagos Islands annexed] (1832); State of Ecuador (1832–1835);Republic of Ecuador (1835– ) | Ecuador |
| El Salvador | SAL | 92 | SV | SLV | 222 | SLV | 22 | State of Salvador [nominally part of the Central American Republic] (1838–1840); State of Salvador (1840–1859); Republic of Salvador (1859–1898); Republic of El Salvador (1898– ) | El Salvador |
| Grenada | GRN | 55 | GD | GRD | 308 | Grenada as a British colony (1900–1958); British colony under the West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Grenada as a British colony (1962–1967); Grenada [associated state of the UK with selfdetermination over domestic policy] (1967–1974); Grenada [independent state] (1974–1983); Grenada under US occupation (1983); Grenada [independent state] (1983-) | Grenada | ||
| Guatemala | GUA | 90 | GT | GTM | 320 | GTM | 78 | Captaincy-general of Guatemala [subordinated to New Spain] (1789–1821); United Provinces of Central America (1821–1822); United Provinces of Central America incorporated into Mexico (1822–1823); United Provinces of Central America (1823–1838); Republic of Guatemala (1838– ) | Guatemala |
| Guyana | GUY | 110 | GY | GUY | 328 | GUY | 166 | Guyana as a British colony (1900–1966); Guyana [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1966–1970); Co-operative Republic of Guyana (1970– ) | Guyana |
| Haiti | HAI | 41 | HT | HTI | 332 | HTI | 26 | Colony of Saint-Domingue (1789–1804); Empire of Haiti (1804–1806); Republic of Haiti [South] (1806–1820); Republic of Haiti [incorporates North Haiti] (1820); Republic of Haiti (1820–1822); Republic of Haiti [incorporates Santo Domingo/Dominican Republic] (1822–1844); Republic of Haiti after Dominican Republic secedes (1844–1849); Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1858); Republic of Haiti (1858–1914); Republic of Haiti under US occupation and protectorate (1914–1936); Republic of Haiti (1936– )).[South] (1806-1820) / Republic of Haiti [incorporates Santo-Domingo/Dominican Republic] (1822-1844) / Republic of Haiti after Dominican Republic secedes (1844-1849) / Republic of Haiti under US occupation and protectorate (1914-1936) / Second Empire of Haiti (1849-1858) | Haiti |
| Honduras | HON | 91 | HN | HND | 340 | HND | 27 | State of Honduras (1838–1865); Republic of Honduras (1865–1907); Republic of Honduras under US occupation or protectorate (1907); Republic of Honduras (1907–1911); Republic of Honduras under US occupation or protectorate (1911–1919); Republic of Honduras (1919–1924); Republic of Honduras under US occupation or protectorate (1924–1925); Republic of Honduras (1925– ) | Honduras |
| Jamaica | JAM | 51 | JM | JAM | 388 | JAM | 120 | Jamaica as a British colony (1900–1962); Jamaica [independent state] (1962– ) | Jamaica |
| Mexico | MEX | 70 | MX | MEX | 484 | MEX | 3 | Viceroyalty of New Spain (1789–1821); Mexican Empire (1821–1823); Provisional Government (1823–1824); United States of Mexico (1824–1835); Mexican Republic [Including Texas](1935–1836); Mexican Republic (1835–1846); United Mexican States (1846–1848); United Mexican States [”Mexican cession” territory ceded to the US](1848); United Mexican States (1848–1853); United Mexican States [”Gadsden purchase” territory ceded to the US] (1953); United Mexican States (1853–1863); Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867); United Mexican States (1867– ) | Mexico |
| Nicaragua | NIC | 93 | NI | NIC | 558 | NIC | 59 | State of Nicaragua (1838–1854); Republic of Nicaragua (1854–1909); Republic of Nicaragua under US Protectorate (1909–1910); Republic of Nicaragua under US occupation (1910); Republic of Nicaragua under US protectorate (1910–1912); Republic of Nicaragua under US occupation (1912–1913); Republic of Nicaragua under US Protectorate (1913–1920); Republic of Nicaragua (1920-) | Nicaragua |
| Panama | PAN | 95 | PA | PAN | 591 | PAN | 92 | Province of Colombia (1900–1903); Republic of Panama [independent state though under influence of United States, which had special rights to the canal zone] (1903–1979); Republic of Panama [independent state] (1979–1989); Republic of Panama under US incursion (1989); Republic of Panama [independent state] (1989– ) | Panama |
| Paraguay | PAR | 150 | PY | PRY | 600 | PRY | 189 | Intendancy of Paraguay [part of Rio de la Plata] (1789–1813); Republic of Paraguay (1813–1869); Republic of Paraguay under Argentinian and Brazilian occupation (1869–1876); Republic of Paraguay (1876– ) | Paraguay |
| Peru | PER | 135 | PE | PER | 604 | PER | 30 | Viceroyalty of Peru (1789–1821); State of Peru (1821–1822); Peruvian Republic (1822–1836); part of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation (1836–1838); Republic of Peru (1838–1881); Republic of Peru under Chilean occupation (1881–1883); Republic of Peru (1883– ) | Peru |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | SKN | 60 | KN | KNA | 659 | Saint Kitts and Nevis as a British colony (1900–1967); Saint Kitts and Nevis [associated state of the UK with self-determination over domestic policy] (1967–1971); Saint Kitts and Nevis [Anguilla separates] (1971); Saint Kitts and Nevis (1971–1983); Saint Kitts and Nevis [independent state] (1983– ) | Saint Kitts and Nevis | ||
| St. Lucia | SLU | 56 | LC | LCA | 662 | Saint Lucia as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Saint Lucia as a British colony (1962–1967); Saint Lucia [associated state of the UK with self determination over domestic policy] (1967–1979); Saint Lucia [independent state] (1979– ) | Saint Lucia | ||
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | SVG | 57 | VC | VCT | 670 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as a British colony (1962–1969); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [associated state of the UK with self-determination over domestic policy] (1969–1979); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [independent state] (1979– ) | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | ||
| Suriname | SUR | 115 | SR | SUR | 740 | SUR | 4 | Suriname as a Dutch colony (1900–1941); Suriname as a Dutch colony under US occupation (1941); Suriname as a Dutch colony (1941–1954); Suriname [Dutch colony with self-rule] (1954–1975); Republic of Suriname [independent state] (1975– ) | Suriname |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TRI | 52 | TT | TTO | 780 | TTO | 135 | Trinidad and Tobago as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Trinidad and Tobago [independent state, member of the Commonwealth] (1962–1978); Republic of Trinidad and Tobago [independent state, member of the Commonwealth] (1978– ) | Trinidad and Tobago |
| United States of America | USA | 2 | US | USA | 840 | USA | 20 | United States of America (1789–1803); United States of America [incorporates the Louisiana Territory] (1803); United States of America (1803–1821); United States of America [incorporates Florida] (1821); United States of America (1821–1846); United States of America [incorporates Texas and Oregon Territory] (1846); United States of America (1846–1848); United States of America [Mexican Cession lands] (1848); United States of America (1848–1853); United States of America [Gadsden Purchase] (1853); United States of America (1853–1867); United States of America [incorporates Alaska] (1867); United States of America (1867–1898); United States of America [incorporates Hawaii] (1898); United States of America (1898– ) | United States of America |
| Uruguay | URU | 165 | UY | URY | 858 | URY | 102 | Provincia Oriental del Rio de la Plata [formally under Argentine Confederation] (1825–1828); State of Montevideo (1828–1829); Eastern State of Uruguay (1829); Oriental Republic of Uruguay (1829– ) | Uruguay |
| Venezuela | VEN | 101 | VE | VEN | 862 | VEN | 51 | Captaincy General of Venezuela (1789–1811); United States of Venezuela (1811–1812); Captaincy General of Venezuela (1812–1813); United States of Venezuela (1813–1814); Captaincy General of Venezuela (1814–1816); Republic of Venezuela (1816–1819); Republic of Venezuela [incorporated into Gran Colombia] (1819–1830); Republic of Venezuela (1830–1864); United States of Venezuela (1864–1953); Republic of Venezuela (1953-2000); Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (2000– ) | Venezuela |
Asia
| State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | AFG | 700 | AF | AFG | 004 | AFG | 36 | Emirate of Afghanistan (1789–1839); Emirate of Afghanistan under British protectorate and occupation (1839–1842); Emirate of Afghanistan (1842–1879); Emirate of Afghanistan under British occupation (1879); Emirate of Afghanistan under British occupation and sphere of influence(1879–1880); Emirate of Afghanistan under British sphere of influence (1880–1919); Emirate of Afghanistan (1919–1926); Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973); Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1979); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan under Russian occupation (1979–1989); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1989–1992); Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–1996); Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996-2001); Afghan Transitional Administration under US occupation (2001-2004); Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under US occupation (2004-2014); Islamic republic of Afghanistan (2014– ) | Afghanistan |
| Armenia | ARM | 371 | AM | ARM | 051 | ARM | 105 | Ottoman Empire (1900–1918); Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1918); Democratic Republic of Armenia, including Eastern Armenia (1918–1922); part of Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922–1936); Armenia Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991); Republic of Armenia [independent state] (1991– ) | Armenia |
| Azerbaijan | AZE | 373 | AZ | AZE | 031 | AZE | 106 | / Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-1991) / Republic of Azerbaijan [independent state] (1991- ) | Azerbaijan |
| Bangladesh | BNG | 771 | BD | BGD | 050 | BGD | 24 | British India (1900–1947); Pakistan (1947–1971); People’s Republic of Bangladesh [independent state] (1971– ) | Bangladesh |
| Bhutan | BHU | 760 | BT | BTN | 064 | BTN | 53 | Princely state of British India (1910–1949); Kingdom of Bhutan as a quasi-protectorate of India [foreign policy coordinated with India] (1949-2007); Kingdom of Bhutan (2007– ) | Bhutan |
| Brunei | BRU | 835 | BN | BRN | 096 | Brunei under British protectorate (1900–1941); Brunei under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Brunei under British protectorate (1945–1984); State of Brunei Darussalam [independent state] (1984– ) | Brunei | ||
| Cambodia | CAM | 811 | KH | KHM | 116 | KHM | 55 | Kingdom of Cambodia under French protectorate [part of French Indochina] (1900–1941); Kingdom of Cambodia under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Kingdom of Cambodia (1945–1953); Kingdom of Cambodia [independent state] (1953); Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1975); Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1978); Democratic Kampuchea under Vietnamese occupation (1978–1979); People’s Republic of Kampuchea (1979);People’s Republic of Kampuchea under Vietnamese occupation (1979–1990); Kingdom of Cambodia (1990); Kingdom of Cambodia under Vietnamese occupation (1990–1993); Kingdom of Cambodia (1993– ) | Cambodia |
| China | CHN | 710 | CN | CHN | 156 | CHN | 110 | Great Qing Empire (1789–1900); Great Qing Empire with Tientsin and Beijing under Austro-Hungarian, British, German, French, Italian, Japanese, Russian and US occupation (1900–1901); Great Qing Empire (1901–1911); Republic of China [Warlord China] (1911–1928); Republic of China [Nationalist China] (1928–1949); People’s Republic of China (1949– ) | China |
| East Timor | ETM | 860 | TL | TLS | 626 | TLS | 74 | Portuguese colony of East Timor (1900–1975); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [unilateral declaration of independent state by FRETILIN (Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor)] (1975); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste under Indonesian occupation (1975–1999); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste under UN administration (1999-2002); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [independent state] (2002– ) | East Timor |
| Georgia | GRG | 372 | GE | GEO | 268 | GEO | 118 | Russian Empire (1900–1917); Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1917–1918); Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921); Democratic Republic of Georgia under Soviet rule (1921–1922); part of Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922–1936); Georgia Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991); Republic of Georgia [independent state] (1991– ) | Georgia |
| Hong Kong | HK | HKG | 344 | HKG | 167 | Hong Kong as a British colony (1900–1941); Hong Kong under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Hong Kong as a British colony (1945–1997); Hong Kong as a special administrative region of China (1997– ). | Hong Kong | ||
| India | IND | 750 | IN | IND | 356 | IND | 39 | British India [territories directly administered by the British East India Company] (1789–1858); Empire of India [colony under Britain] (1858–1947); Republic of India [independent state] (1947– ) | India |
| Indonesia | INS | 850 | ID | IDN | 360 | IDN | 56 | Dutch East Indies [under Dutch East India Company] (1789–1801); Dutch East Indies Colony (1801–1811); Dutch East Indies Colony under British occupation (1811–1816); Dutch East Indies (1816–1942); Dutch East Indies under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Dutch East Indies [independent state] (1945); Dutch East Indies (1945–1949); Republic of Indonesia [independence recognized by the Netherlands] (1949); Republic of Indonesia (1949–1963); Republic of Indonesia [incorporates West New Guinea] (1963); Republic of Indonesia (1963– ) | Indonesia |
| Japan | JPN | 740 | JP | JPN | 392 | JPN | 9 | Tokugawa Japan (1789–1868); Empire of Japan (1868–1945); Empire of Japan under US occupation (1945–1947); State of Japan (1947); State of Japan under US occupation (1947–1952); State of Japan (1952– ) | Japan |
| Kazakhstan | KZK | 705 | KZ | KAZ | 398 | KAZ | 121 | Russian Empire (1900–1917); Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Republic of Kazakhstan [independent state] (1991– ) | Kazakhstan |
| Korea | KOR | 730 | KOR | 42 | Kingdom of Great Joseon (1789–1897); Great Korean Empire (1897–1905); Korea as a Japanese protectorate (1905–1910); Korea under Japanese occupation (1910–1945); Korea under US occupation (1945–1948); Republic of Korea (1948– ) | Korea | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | KYR | 703 | KG | KGZ | 417 | KGZ | 122 | Russian Empire (1900–1917); Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Kyrgyz Republic [independent state] (1991– ) | Kyrgyzstan |
| Laos | LAO | 812 | LA | LAO | 418 | LAO | 123 | Laos under French protectorate [part of French Indochina] (1900–1945); Laos under Japanese occupation (1945); Laos under French protectorate (1945–1950); Laos [self-rule from France as an associated state within the French Union] (1950–1953); Kingdom of Laos [independent state] (1953–1975); Lao People’s Democratic Republic (1975– ) | Laos |
| Macau | MO | MAC | 446 | 175 | Macau as a Portuguese colony (1900–1999); Macau as a special administrative region of China (1999– ). | Macau | |||
| Malaysia | MAL | 820 | MY | MYS | 458 | MYS | 177 | Federated Malay States [ruled directly by Britain] and Unfederated Malay States [under British influence] (1900–1942); Federated Malay States and Unfederated Malay States under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Malayan Union/Federation of Malaya (1945–1957); Malayan Union [independent state] (1957) Federation of Malaysia (1957–1963); Malaysia (1963– ) | Malaysia |
| Maldives | MAD | 781 | MV | MDV | 462 | MDV | 88 | Maldive Islands as a British protectorate (1900–1965); Republic of Maldives [independent state] (1965– ) | Maldives |
| Mongolia | MON | 712 | MN | MNG | 496 | MNG | 89 | Bogd Khaan State [independent state] (1911); Bogd Khaan State (1911–1919); Bogd Khaan State under Chinese occupation (1919–1921); Bogd Khaan State (1921–1924); Mongolian People’s Republic [declared] (1924); Mongolian People’s Republic (1924–1946); Mongolian People’s Republic [independence recognized by China] (1946); Mongolian People’s Republic (1946–1992); Mongolia (1992– ) | Mongolia |
| Myanmar | MYA | 775 | MM | MMR | 104 | MMR | 10 | Kingdom of Burma [under Konbaung Dynasty] (1789–1824); Kingdom of Burma [Lower Burma annexed by Britain] (1824); Kingdom of Burma (Upper Burma) [under Konbaung Dynasty] (1824–1885); Burma [Upper and Lower Burma united, part/province British India, i.e. British colony] (1885–1942); Burma under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Burma (1945–1948); Republic of the Union of Myanmar [independent state] (1948– ) | Myanmar |
| Nepal | NEP | 790 | NP | NPL | 524 | NPL | 58 | Kingdom of Nepal (1789–1818); Kingdom of Nepal under British protectorate [de facto] (1818–1947); Kingdom of Nepal (1947-2008); Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008– ) | Nepal |
| North Korea | PRK | 731 | KP | PRK | 408 | PRK | 41 | North Korea under Soviet occupation (1945–1948); Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (1948– ) | North Korea |
| Pakistan | PAK | 770 | PK | PAK | 586 | PAK | 29 | British India (1900–1947); Dominion of Pakistan [independent state] (1947–1956); Islamic Republic of Pakistan [independent state] (1956– ) | Pakistan |
| Philippines | PHI | 840 | PH | PHL | 608 | PHL | 46 | Philippines under US protectorate (1900–1935); Phillippines within US commonwealth (1935–1942); Philippines under Japanese occupation (1942–1944); Phillippines within US commonwealth (1944–1946); Republic of the Philippines [independent state] (1946– ) | Philippines |
| Republic of Vietnam | RVN | 817 | VD | VDR | 868 | VDR | 35 | Dai Viet Quoc (1802–1804); Viet Nam Quoc (1804–1839); Dai Nam Quoc (1839–1862); Dai Nam Quoc [Cochinchina ceded to France] (1862); Dai Nam Quoc (1862–1874); Dai Nam Quoc and French Protectorate of Tonkin (1874–1882); French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin (1882–1887); part of French Indochina [including Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina (but not Cambodia, Laos, or Kouang-Tcheou-Wan)] (1887–1945); French Indochina under Japanese occupation (1945); French Indochina (1945–1949); State of Vietnam (1949–1955); Republic of Vietnam (also known as South Vietnam) (1955–1975) | Republic of Vietnam |
| Singapore | SIN | 830 | SG | SGP | 702 | SGP | 200 | Straits Settlements (1867–1942); British Crown Colony of Singapore under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); British Crown Colony of Singapore (1945–1959); British Crown Colony of Singapore [self-governing member of British Commonwealth] (1959–1963); part of Federation of Malaysia (1963–1965); Republic of Singapore [independent state] (1965– ) | Singapore |
| South Korea | ROK | 732 | KR | KOR | 410 | KOR | 42 | Kingdom of Great Joseon (1789–1897); Great Korean Empire (1897–1905); Korea as a Japanese protectorate (1905–1910); Korea under Japanese occupation (1910–1945); Korea under US occupation (1945–1948); Republic of Korea (1948– ) | South Korea |
| Sri Lanka | SRI | 780 | LK | LKA | 144 | LKA | 131 | British Colony of Ceylon (1900–1948); Dominion of Ceylon [independent state] (1948–1972); Republic of Sri Lanka (1972–1978); Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (1978– ) | Sri Lanka |
| Taiwan | TAW | 713 | TW | TWN | 158 | TWN | 48 | Taiwan under Japanese occupation (1900–1945); Republic of China [headquartered in the mainland] (1945–1949); Republic of China [headquartered in Taiwan] (1949– ) | Taiwan |
| Tajikistan | TAJ | 702 | TJ | TJK | 762 | TJK | 133 | Russian Empire (1900–1917); Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Republic of Tajikistan [independent state] (1991– ) | Tajikistan |
| Thailand | THI | 800 | TH | THA | 764 | THA | 49 | Kingdom of Krung Thep (1789–1856); Kingdom of Siam (1856–1907); Kingdom of Siam [cedes Battambang, Siem Reap, and Srisophon to French Indochina (Cambodia) and west-bank Champasak and Xainyaburi to France (Laos)] (1907); Kingdom of Siam (1907–1909); Kingdom of Siam [cedes Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu to Britain] (1909); Kingdom of Siam (1909–1939); Kingdom of Thailand (1939–1945); Siam (1945–1949); Kingdom of Thailand (1949– ) | Thailand |
| Turkmenistan | TKM | 701 | TM | TKM | 795 | TKM | 136 | Russian Empire (1900–1917); Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Turkmenistan [independent state] (1991– ) | Turkmenistan |
| Uzbekistan | UZB | 704 | UZ | UZB | 860 | UZB | 140 | Emirate of Bukhara (1789–1873); Emirate of Bukhara as a Russian protectorate (1873–1920); Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic [Soviet state] (1920–1924); divided between Uzbek S.S.R and Turkmen S.S.R, within the Soviet Union (1924–1990); State sovereignty (1990–1991); Republic of Uzbekistan [independent state] (1991– ) | Uzbekistan |
| Vietnam | DRV | 816 | VN | VNM | 704 | VNM | 34 | Democratic Republic of Vietnam (i.e. North Vietnam) [declared] (1945); Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1949); Democratic Republic of Vietnam [independent state] (1949– ) | Vietnam |
Europe
| State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | ALB | 339 | AL | ALB | 008 | ALB | 12 | Ottoman Empire (1900–1912); Proclaimed independent state (1912–1914); Principality of Albania [independent state] (1914), Principality of Albania under Austro-Hungarian occupation (1914–1916); Principality of Albania under Austro-Hungarian and French occupation (1916–1918); Principality of Albania under French occupation (1918–1920); Principality of Albania (1920–1925); Albanian Republic (1925–1928); Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939); Albanian Kingdom under Italian occupation (1939–1943); Albanian Kingdom under German occupation (1943–1944); People’s Republic of Albania (1944–1976); People’s Socialist Republic of Albania (1976–1991); Republic of Albania (1991– ) | Albania |
| Andorra | AND | 232 | AD | AND | 020 | Andorra | |||
| Austria | AUS | 305 | AT | AUT | 040 | AUT | 144 | Austrian hereditary lands (1789–1867); Austrian ”half” of the Habsburg Empire - Cisleithania (1867–1918); Republic of German-Austria (1918–1919); Republic of Austria (1919–1938); German state of Ostmark (1938–1939); Ostmark as an integral part of Third Reich [dissolved into Reichsgaue] (1939–1945); Republic of Austria under Allied occupation (1945–1955); Republic of Austria (1955– ) | Austria |
| Austria-Hungary | AUH | 300 | AUT | 144 | Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918) | Austria-Hungary | |||
| Baden | BAD | 267 | BDN | 349 | Margraviate of Baden (1789–1803); Electorate of Baden (1803–1806); Grand Duchy of Baden (1806–1871) | Baden | |||
| Bavaria | BAV | 245 | BVR | 350 | Electorate of Bavaria (1789–1803); Electorate of Bavaria [incorporates Palatinate] (1803); Electorate of Bavaria (1803–1806); Kingdom of Bavaria (1806–1871) | Bavaria | |||
| Belarus | BLR | 370 | BY | BLR | 112 | BLR | 107 | Russian Empire (1900–1918); German Empire (1918); Belarusian People’s Republic (1918– 1921); Poland [western part of the country] and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic [eastern part of the country] (1921–1939); Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1939–1941); Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Belarus [independent state] (1991– ) | Belarus |
| Belgium | BEL | 211 | BE | BEL | 056 | BEL | 148 | Austrian Netherlands (1789–1795); Austrian Netherlands annexed by France (1795–1814); Belgian Provinces under Allied administration (1814–1815); Belgian Provinces incorporated into the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830); Kingdom of Belgium (1830–1914); Kingdom of Belgium under German occupation (1914–1918); Kingdom of Belgium (1918–1940); Kingdom of Belgium under German occupation (1940–1944); Kingdom of Belgium (1944– ) | Belgium |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | BOS | 346 | BA | BIH | 070 | BIH | 150 | Ottoman Empire (1900–1907); Austria/Austro-Hungarian Empire [ruled directly by Vienna but not part of either Austria or Hungary] (1907–1918); Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German and Croat occupation (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992); Republic of Bosnia Herzegovina on war for independence (1992–1995); Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina [independent state though not recognized by all countries] (1995– ) | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Bulgaria | BUL | 355 | BG | BGR | 100 | BGR | 152 | Danube Vilayet under Russian occupation (1877–1878); Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1885); Principality of Bulgaria [incorporates Eastern Rumelia] (1885); Principality of Bulgaria (1885–1908); Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1913); Kingdom of Bulgaria [without southern Dobruja] [incorporates Western Thrace] (1913–1916); Kingdom of Bulgaria [incorporates southern Dobruja] (1916–1918); Kingdom of Bulgaria [incorporates northern Dobruja] (1918–1919); Kingdom of Bulgaria (1919–1946); Bulgarian People’s Republic (1946–1990); Republic of Bulgaria (1990– ) | Bulgaria |
| Croatia | CRO | 344 | HR | HRV | 191 | HRV | 154 | Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); formally independent state of Croatia [actually a Nazi puppet state, with German occupation] (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1991); Republic of Croatia (1991); Republic of Croatia on war for independence (1991–1995); Republic of Croatia [independent state] (1995– ) | Croatia |
| Cyprus | CYP | 352 | CY | CYP | 196 | CYP | 156 | Ottoman Empire [not ruled directly] under British sphere of influence (1900–1918); Cyprus under British sphere of influence (1918–1925); Cyprus as a British crown colony (1925–1960); Republic of Cyprus [independent state] (1960–1974); Republic of Cyprus [northern part occupied by Turkey] (1974– ) | Cyprus |
| Czech Republic | CZR | 316 | CZ | CZE | 203 | CZE | 157 | Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Czechoslovakia (1918–1939); Czechoslovakia under German occupation (1939–1945); Czechoslovakia (1945–1948); Czechoslovakia Socialist Republic as part of Soviet bloc (1948–1989); Czechoslovakia (1989–1990); Czecho-Slovakia (1990–1992); Czech Republic (1992– ) | Czech Republic |
| Czechoslovakia | CZE | 315 | CS | CSK | 200 | CZE | 157 | Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Czechoslovakia (1918–1939); Czechoslovakia under German occupation (1939–1945); Czechoslovakia (1945–1948); Czechoslovakia Socialist Republic as part of Soviet bloc (1948–1989); Czechoslovakia (1989–1990) | Czechoslovakia |
| Denmark | DEN | 390 | DK | DNK | 208 | DNK | 158 | Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (1789–1814); Norway is ceded to Sweden (1814); Kingdom of Denmark (1815–1920); Kingdom of Denmark incorporates northern Schleswig (1920); Kingdom of Denmark (1920– ) | Denmark |
| Estonia | EST | 366 | EE | EST | 233 | EST | 161 | Russian Empire (1900–1918); Estonian War of Independence [changing territorial control] (1918–1920); Russian Empire (1900–1918); Republic of Estonia [independent state] (1920–1940); Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941); Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Estonia [independent state] (1991– ) | Estonia |
| Finland | FIN | 375 | FI | FIN | 246 | FIN | 163 | Part of the Kingdom of Sweden (1789–1809); Grand Duchy of Finland [autonomous] [personal union with Russia] (1809–1917); Finnish State (1917–1918); Kingdom of Finland (1918–1919); Republic of Finland (1919– ) | Finland |
| France | FRN | 220 | FR | FRA | 250 | FRA | 76 | Kingdom of France (1789–1792); French First Republic (1792–1804); French Empire (1804– 1814; 1815); Kingdom of France (1815–1848); French Second Republic (1848–1852); French Empire (1852–1870); French Third Republic (1870–1940); French State [”Vichy regime”] (1940–1944); French Third Republic (1944–1947); French Fourth Republic (1947–1958); French Fifth Republic (1958– ) | France |
| German Democratic Republic | GDR | 265 | DD | DDR | 278 | DDR | 137 | German empire (1900–1918); Weimar Republic (1918–1933); Third Reich (1933–1945); Third Reich under Russian occupation (1945–1949); German Democratic Republic (1949–1990); German Democratic Republic reunited with Federal Republic of Germany (1990) | German Democratic Republic |
| German Federal Republic | GFR | 260 | DE | DEU | 276 | DEU | 77 | Kingdom of Prussia (1789–1812); Kingdom of Prussia under French occupation (1812–1813); Kingdom of Prussia (1813–1867); North German Confederation (1867–1871); German Empire (1871–1918); Weimar Republic (1918–1933); Third Reich (1933–1945); Third Reich under Allied occupation (1945–1949); Federal Republic of Germany (1949– ) | German Federal Republic |
| Germany | GMY | 255 | DEU | 77 | Kingdom of Prussia (1789–1812); Kingdom of Prussia under French occupation (1812–1813); Kingdom of Prussia (1813–1867); North German Confederation (1867–1871); German Empire (1871–1918); Weimar Republic (1918–1933); Third Reich (1933–1945); Third Reich under Allied occupation (1945–1949); Federal Republic of Germany (1949– ) | Germany | |||
| Greece | GRC | 350 | GR | GRC | 300 | GRC | 164 | Greece (1822–1827); Hellenic State (1827–1833); Kingdom of Greece (1833–1864); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Ionian Islands] (1864); Kingdom of Greece (1864–1881); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Thessaly] (1881); Kingdom of Greece (1881–1913); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Crete, Macedonia and Epirus] (1913); Kingdom of Greece (1913–1914); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Aegean Islands except for Rhodes and Dodecanese] (1914); Kingdom of Greece (1914–1919); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Smyrna] (1919–1922); Kingdom of Greece (1922–1924);Second Hellenic Republic (Greek Republic) (1924–1935); Kingdom of Greece (1935–1941); Greek State under Axis powers occupation (1941–1944); Kingdom of Greece [restored] (1944–1973); Third Hellenic Republic (Greek Republic) (1973– ) | Greece |
| Hanover | HAN | 240 | HVR | 357 | Electorate of Hanover (1789–1803); Electorate of Hanover under French occupation (1803–1805); Electorate of Hanover under Prussian occupation (1805–1806); Electorate of Hanover under French occupation (1806–1810) Electorate of Hanover incorporated into Kingdom of Westphalia (1810–1813); Electorate of Hanover (1813–1814); Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866); annexed by Prussia (1866–1867); part of North German Confederation (1867–1871) | Hanover | |||
| Hesse Electoral | HSE | 273 | HKS | 358 | Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (1789–1803); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (1803–1806); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel under French Occupation (1806–1807); Kingdom of Westphalia (1807–1810); departments of Elbe-Inf´erieure, Nord, Weser, and part of Aller are annexed to France (1810); Kingdom of Westphalia (1810–1813); Kingdom of Westphalia [dissolved] (1813); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (1813–1866); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel incorporated into Prussia (1866–1867); Part of North German Confederation (1867–1871) | Hesse Electoral | |||
| Hesse Grand Ducal | HSG | 275 | HDM | 359 | Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (1789–1806); Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt (1806–1867); Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt as part of North German Confederation (1867–1871) | Hesse Grand Ducal | |||
| Hungary | HUN | 310 | HU | HUN | 348 | HUN | 210 | Kingdom of Hungary as an Austrian crownland (1789–1867); Hungarian ”half” of the Habsburg Empire [Transleithania] (1867–1918); Hungarian Democratic Republic (1918); Hungarian Soviet Republic (1918–1919); Hungarian Soviet Republic under Romanian occupation (1919–1920); Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1944); Kingdom of Hungary under German occupation (1944–1945); Kingdom of Hungary (1945–1946); Second Hungarian People Republic under Soviet guidance (1946–1989); Republic of Hungary [independent from Russian influence] (1989-2011); Hungary (2011– ) | Hungary |
| Iceland | ICE | 395 | IS | ISL | 352 | ISL | 168 | Kingdom of Denmark (1900–1904); autonomous within Kingdom of Denmark (1904–18); Kingdom of Iceland [independent state] [personal union with Denmark] (1918–1940); Kingdom of Iceland under Allied occupation (1940–1944); Republic of Iceland (1944– ) | Iceland |
| Ireland | IRE | 205 | IE | IRL | 372 | IRL | 81 | Part of the United Kingdom (1900–1919); Ireland [independence declared] (1919); Ireland as part of the United Kingdom (1919–1923); Ireland [independence recognized] (1923– ) | Ireland |
| Italy | ITA | 325 | IT | ITA | 380 | ITA | 82 | Kingdom of Italy (1861–1866); Kingdom of Italy [incorporates Venice] (1866); Kingdom of Italy (1866–1870); Kingdom of Italy [incorporates Papal States] (1870); Kingdom of Italy (1870–1918); Kingdom of Italy [incorporates Tyrol and Triste] (1918); Kingdom of Italy (1918–1946); Italian Republic (1946– ) | Italy |
| Kosovo | KOS | 347 | XK | XKX | XKX | 43 | Ottoman Empire (1900–1912); province of Serbia (1912–1918); Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Italian occupation (1941–1943); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Italian and German occupation (1943–1944); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1944–1992); State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–1999); Kosovo autonomous region under UN administration (1999-2008); Republic of Kosovo [self-declared independent state under European Union supervision] (2008– ) | Kosovo | |
| Latvia | LAT | 367 | LV | LVA | 428 | LVA | 84 | Russian Empire (1900–1918); Republic of Latvia [independence declared] (1918–1920); Republic of Latvia after Russian and German forces were repelled (1920); Republic of Latvia [independent state] (1920–1940); Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941); Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Latvia [independent state] (1991– ) | Latvia |
| Liechtenstein | LIE | 223 | LI | LIE | 438 | Liechtenstein | |||
| Lithuania | LIT | 368 | LT | LTU | 440 | LTU | 173 | Russian Empire (1900–1918); Republic of Lithuania [independent state] (1918–1940); Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941); Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Lituania [independent state] (1991– ) | Lithuania |
| Luxembourg | LUX | 212 | LU | LUX | 442 | LUX | 174 | Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (1815); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City (1815–1830); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City under Belgium occupation (1830–1831); Luxembourg province annexed by Belgium (1831); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City under Belgium occupation (1831–1839); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City (1839–1842); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg joins German customs union [Zollverein] (1842); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City (1842–1867); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (1867–1890); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1890–1914); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg under German occupation (1914–1918); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1918–1919); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg leaves Zollverein (1919); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1919–1940); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg under German occupation (1940–1944); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1944– ) | Luxembourg |
| Macedonia | MAC | 343 | MK | MKD | 807 | MKD | 176 | Ottoman Empire (1900–1912); province of Serbia/Yugoslavia (1912–1992); Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia [independent state] (1991– ) | Macedonia |
| Malta | MLT | 338 | MT | MLT | 470 | British Crown Colony of Malta (1900–1964); Republic of Malta [independent state] (1964-) | Malta | ||
| Mecklenburg Schwerin | MEC | 280 | MCL | 360 | Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1789–1815); Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815–1867); part of North German Confederation (1867–1871) | Mecklenburg Schwerin | |||
| Modena | MOD | 332 | MDN | 351 | Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1789–1796); part of Cispadane Republic (1796–1797); part of the Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802); part of the Italian Republic (1802–1805); part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814); Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1814–1848); Duchy of Modena and Reggio administered by Piedmont-Sardinia (1848–1849); Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1849–1859);Duchy of Modena and Reggio [incorporates Massa and Carrara] (1859); part of the United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860); annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860) | Modena | |||
| Moldova | MLD | 359 | MD | MDA | 498 | MDA | 126 | Russian Empire (1900–1918); Greater Romania (1918–1940); annexed by Soviet Union (1940–1941); re-incorporated into Romania (1941–1944); Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Moldova [independent state] (1991– ) | Moldova |
| Monaco | MNC | 221 | MC | MCO | 492 | Monaco | |||
| Montenegro | MNG | 341 | ME | MNE | 499 | MNE | 183 | Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (1789–1852); Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910); Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1913); Kingdom of Montenegro partitions Sanjak of Novi Pazar with Serbia (1913); Kingdom of Montenegro (1913–1915); Kingdom of Montenegro [Shkod¨er annexed] (1915–1916); Kingdom of Montenegro (1916); Kingdom of Montenegro under Austro-Hungarian occupation (1916–1918); Kingdom of Montenegro under Serbian occupation (1918); Kingdom of Montenegro unified with Serbia (1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Italian occupation (1941–1943); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German occupation (1943–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992-2003); State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006); Montenegro [independent state] (2006– ) | Montenegro |
| Netherlands | NTH | 210 | NL | NLD | 528 | NLD | 91 | Republic of the United Netherlands (1789–1795); Republic of the United Netherlands under French occupation (1795–1796); Batavian Republic (1796); Batavian Republic under French occupation (1796–1805); Batavian Commonwealth (1805); Batavian Commonwealth under French occupation (1805–1806); Kingdom of Holland (1806); Kingdom of Holland under French occupation (1806–1810); Kingdom of Holland annexed by France (1810–1813); Republic of the United Netherlands (1813–1815); Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1940); Kingdom of the Netherlands under German occupation (1940–1945); Kingdom of the Netherlands (1945– ) | Netherlands |
| Norway | NOR | 385 | NO | NOR | 578 | NOR | 186 | Part of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (1789–1814); Kingdom of Norway [personal union with Sweden] (1814–1905); Kingdom of Norway [independent state] (1905– ) | Norway |
| Papal States | PAP | 327 | VA | VAT | 336 | PPS | 361 | Papal States (1789–1798); the Roman Republic (1798–1800); Papal States (1800–1809); Papal States annexed by France (1809–1814); Papal States (1814–1849); the Roman Republic (1849); Papal States (1849–1860); Papal States [Romagna, Umbria, the Marches, Benevento and Pontecorvo annexed by Sardinia] (1860); Papal States (1860–1870) | Papal States |
| Parma | PMA | 335 | PRM | 352 | Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1789–1802); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza administered by France (1802–1808); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza annexed by France (1808–1814); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1814–1859); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza administered by Piedmont-Sardinia (1859–1860); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860) | Parma | |||
| Poland | POL | 290 | PL | POL | 616 | POL | 17 | Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1789–1793); second partition of Poland (1793); Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793–1795); third Partition of Poland (1795); Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815); Congress Poland [personal union with Russia] (1815–1832); Congress Poland [incorporated into the Russian Empire] (1832–1867); autonomy retracted (1867); Second Polish Commonwealth (1918–1939); Second Polish Commonwealth partitioned by the USSR and Germany (1939–1941); Second Polish Commonwealth under German occupation (1941–1944); Republic of Poland (1944–1952); People’s Republic of Poland (1952–1990); Third Polish Commonwealth (1990– ) | Poland |
| Portugal | POR | 235 | PT | PRT | 620 | PRT | 21 | Kingdom of Portugal (1789–1807); Kingdom of Portugal under French occupation (1807–1808); Kingdom of Portugal (1808–1910); Portuguese Republic (1910– ) | Portugal |
| Romania | ROM | 360 | RO | ROU | 642 | ROU | 190 | Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty under Austrian occupation (1789–1791); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1791–1807); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1807–1812); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1812–1821); Principality of Wallachia under direct Ottoman rule (1821–1822); Principality ofWallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1822–1828); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1828–1829); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation [incorporation of the Ottoman Rayas north of the Danube] (1829); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1829–1834); Principality of Wallachia as a Russian protectorate (1834–1853); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1853– 1854); Principality of Wallachia as a Russian protectorate (1854); Principality of Wallachia under Austrian occupation (1854–1856); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1856–1859); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty [personal union with Moldavia] (1859–1861); Principality of Wallachia [personal union with Moldavia] (1861–1862); United Romanian Principalities (1862–1866); Romania (1866–1878); Romania [incorporation of northern Dobruja] [after three districts in southern Bessarabia ceded to Russia] (1878–1881); Kingdom of Romania (1881–1913); Kingdom of Romania [southern Dobruja annexed] (1913–1916); Kingdom of Romania under Central Powers occupation (1916); Kingdom of Romania (1916–1918); Kingdom of Romania [loses Dobruja to Bulgaria] [incorporates Bessarabia] (1918); Kingdom of Romania (1918–1919); Kingdom of Romania [incorporates Dobruja, Bukovina and Transylvania] (1919); Kingdom of Romania (1919–1944); Kingdom of Romania under Soviet occupation (1944–1947); People’s Republic of Romania (1947–1965); Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989); Romania (1989– ) | Romania |
| Russia | RUS | 365 | RU | RUS | 643 | RUS | 11 | Russian Empire (1789–1917); Russia (1917–1918); Russian Socialist Federative Republic (USSR) (1918–1991); Russian Federation (1991– ) | Russia |
| San Marino | SNM | 331 | SM | SMR | 674 | San Marino | |||
| Saxony | SAX | 269 | SXN | 353 | Duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach enter a personal union (1809–1867); part of North German Confederation (1867–1871) | Saxony | |||
| Serbia | YUG | 345 | RS | SRB | 688 | SRB | 198 | Serbia [under First Serbian Uprising] (1804–1813); direct Ottoman rule (1813–1815); Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty (1815–1867); Principality of Serbia after evacuation of Kalemegdan fortress in Belgrade by the Ottomans (1867); Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty (1867–1878); Principality of Serbia [incorporates Nish] (1878); Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty (1878–1882); Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1915); Kingdom of Serbia under Central Powers occupation (1915–1918); Kingdom of Serbia unified with Montenegro (1918); Kingdom of Serbia unified with the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German occupation (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992-2003); State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006); Republic of Serbia (2006– ) | Serbia |
| Slovakia | SLO | 317 | SK | SVK | 703 | SVK | 201 | Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918) [this refers to the Hungarian part of the Empire, which was ruled separately from the Austrian part]; Czechoslovakia (1918–1939); Slovak Republic (1939–1945); Slovak Republic under German occupation (1944–1945); Czecho-Slovakia (1945–1992); Slovak Republic [independent state] (1993– ) | Slovakia |
| Slovenia | SLV | 349 | SI | SVN | 705 | SVN | 202 | Austria/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German occupation (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Republic of Slovenia [independent state] (1991– ) | Slovenia |
| Spain | SPN | 230 | ES | ESP | 724 | ESP | 96 | Kingdom of Spain (1789–1808); Kingdom of Spain under French occupation (1808–1812); Catalonia annexed by France (1812–1813); Kingdom of Spain under French occupation (1813); Kingdom of Spain (1813–1873); Spanish Republic (1873); Kingdom of Spain (1873–1931); Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939); Spanish State (1939–1975); Kingdom of Spain (1975– ) | Spain |
| Sweden | SWD | 380 | SE | SWE | 752 | SWE | 5 | Kingdom of Sweden (1789–1809); Kingdom of Sweden [Finland and Åland annexed by Russia] (1809); Kingdom of Sweden (1809– ) | Sweden |
| Switzerland | SWZ | 225 | CH | CHE | 756 | CHE | 6 | Swiss Confederation [no central government] (1789–1798); Helvetic Republic under French occupation (1798–1803); Swiss Confederation (1803); Swiss Confederation under French occupation (1803–1814); Swiss Confederation (1814– ) | Switzerland |
| Tuscany | TUS | 337 | TSC | 354 | Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1789–1799); Etruscan Republic under French occupation(1799); Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1799–1801); Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807); Kingdom of Etruria annexed to France (1807–1814); Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1814–1847); Grand Duchy of Tuscany [incorporates Lucca] (1847); Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1847–1859); Grand Duchy of Tuscany joins Modena, Parma and Piacenza to form United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860); annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860); autonomous (1860–1861) | Tuscany | |||
| Two Sicilies | SIC | 329 | TWS | 356 | Kingdom of Naples (1789–1816); united with Sicily to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816–1848); Kingdom of Sicily breaks away (1848–1849); Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1849–1860); Two Sicilies annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860) | Two Sicilies | |||
| Ukraine | UKR | 369 | UA | UKR | 804 | UKR | 100 | Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires (1900–1917); divided between Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, USSR (1917–1919); Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1941); Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Ukraine (1991– ) | Ukraine |
| United Kingdom | UKG | 200 | GB | GBR | 826 | GBR | 101 | Great Britain (1789–1801); United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922); United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922– ) | United Kingdom |
| Wuerttemburg | WRT | 271 | WRG | 355 | Duchy of Würtemberg (1789–1803); Electorate Würtemberg (1803–1806); Kingdom of Würtemberg (1806–1871) | Wuerttemburg |
Middle East and North Africa
| State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | ALG | 615 | DZ | DZA | 012 | DZA | 103 | French colony (1900–1962) [three departments of France, but should be coded as a single unit, i.e., as single colony]; People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria [independent state] (1962– ) | Algeria |
| Bahrain | BAH | 692 | BH | BHR | 048 | BHR | 146 | British protectorate (1900–1971); Kingdom of Bahrain [independent state] (1971– ) | Bahrain |
| Egypt | EGY | 651 | EG | EGY | 818 | EGY | 13 | Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt (1789–1799); Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt under French occupation (1799–1801); Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt under British occupation (1801–1803); Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt (1803–1805); Ottoman Eyalet [nominally under Ottoman suzerainty] (1805–1866); Khedivate of Egypt (1866); Khedivate of Egypt within Ottoman Eyalet (1866–1867); Khedivate of Egypt (1867–1882); Khedivate of Egypt under British occupation (1882–1900); part of Ottoman Empire (1900); part of Ottoman Empire under British influence (1900–1914); Sultanate of Egypt (1914); Sultanate of Egypt under British protectorate (1914–1922); Egyptian Kingdom [nominally an independent state] (1922); Egyptian Kingdom under British military presence (1922–1953); Republic of Egypt (1953–1954); Republic of Egypt after British military presence ends (1954); Republic of Egypt (1954–1958); Egypt [part of the United Arab Republic] (1958–1961); Arab Republic of Egypt (1961–1967); Arab Republic of Egypt under Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula (1967–1982); Arab Republic of Egypt (1982– ) | Egypt |
| Iran | IRN | 630 | IR | IRN | 364 | IRN | 79 | Persia (1789–1935); Iran (1935–1979); Islamic Republic of Iran (1979– ) | Iran |
| Iraq | IRQ | 645 | IQ | IRQ | 368 | IRQ | 80 | Ottoman Empire (1900–1917); Ottoman Empire under British occupation (1917–1920); State of Iraq [British-led League of Nations Mandate territory] (1920–1932); the Kingdom of Iraq [independent state] (1932); the Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1941); the Kingdom of Iraq under British occupation (1941); the Kingdom of Iraq (1941–1958); Republic of Iraq (1958-2003); Republic of Iraq under US occupation (2003-2012); Republic of Iraq (2012– ) | Iraq |
| Israel | ISR | 666 | IL | ISR | 376 | ISR | 169 | British-led League of Nations mandate (1922–1948); State of Israel [independent state] (1948– ) | Israel |
| Jordan | JOR | 663 | JO | JOR | 400 | JOR | 83 | Emirate of Transjordan (1922–1946); the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan [independent state] (1946– ) | Jordan |
| Kuwait | KUW | 690 | KW | KWT | 414 | KWT | 171 | Sheikhdom of Kuwait (1789–1871); Sheikhdom of Kuwait [under nominal Ottoman suzerainty] (1871–1899); Kuwait under informal protectorate of Britain (1899–1961); State of Kuwait [independent state] (1961–1990); State of Kuwait under Iraqi occupation (1990–1991); State of Kuwait (1991-) | Kuwait |
| Lebanon | LEB | 660 | LB | LBN | 422 | LBN | 44 | Syrian province of the Ottoman Empire (1900–1918); Syrian province of the Ottoman Empire under French influence (1918–1920); State of Greater Lebanon (1920); State of Greater Lebanon under French influence (1920–1923); State of Greater Lebanon under French protectorate (1923–1926); Republic of Lebanon (1926); Republic of Lebanon under French protectorate (1926–1943); Republic of Lebanon [independent state] (1943); Republic of Lebanon under French influence (1943–1946); Republic of Lebanon after last French troops withdrawal (1946); Republic of Lebanon (1946–1991); Republic of Lebanon and occupied Southern Lebanon (1992– ) | Lebanon |
| Libya | LIB | 620 | LY | LBY | 434 | LBY | 124 | Sultanate of Tripoli (1789–1834); Ottoman Eyalet of Tripolitania (1835–1911); Ottoman Eyalet of Tripolitania under Italian occupation (1911); Italian protectorate of Tripolitania (1912–1918); Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922); Italian colony of Tripolitania (1922–1933); Tripolitania united with Fezzan and Cyrenaica as the Italian colony of Libya (1934–1942); Tripolitania and Cyrenaica under British occupation [administered separately] (1942–1943); Tripolitania and Cyrenaica under British occupation [administered separately] and Fezzan occupied by France (1943–1950); Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan under UN supervision [separate British and French administration, with a UN commissioner in Tripoli] (1950–1951); United Kingdom of Libya [consolidated as a unified independent state] (1951–1963); Libyan Kingdom (1963–1968); Libyan Arab Republic (1968–1973); Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1973–1986); Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1986-2011); Libya (2011-2012); State of Libya (2012– ) | Libya |
| Morocco | MOR | 600 | MA | MAR | 504 | MAR | 90 | Kingdom of Morocco (1789–1900); Kingdom of Morocco under French and Spanish sphere of influence (1900–1907); Kingdom of Morocco under French occupation (1907–1910); northern Kingdom of Morocco under Spanish occupation (1910); Kingdom of Morocco under French occupation (1910–1912); Kingdom of Morocco under French protectorate [though not integrated into France to the degree that other French colonies were] (1912–1956); Kingdom of Morocco [independent state](1956–) | Morocco |
| Oman | OMA | 698 | OM | OMN | 512 | OMN | 187 | Sultanate of Muscat (1789–1820); Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1820–1920); Sultanate of Muscat (1920–1955); Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1955–1970); Sultanate of Oman (1970– ) | Oman |
| Qatar | QAT | 694 | QA | QAT | 634 | QAT | 94 | Unofficial British protectorate (1900–1916); British protectorate (1916–1971); State of Qatar [independent state] (1971– ) | Qatar |
| Saudi Arabia | SAU | 670 | SA | SAU | 682 | SAU | 197 | Al-Diriyah Emirate (1789–1818); Al-Diriyah Emirate under Egyptian occupation (1818–1822); Al-Diriyah Emirate [restored] (1822–1887); Al-Diriyah Emirate under Jebel Shammar occupation (1887–1902); Emirate of Nejd (1902–1913); Emirate of Nejd [incorporates al-Hasa] (1913); Emirate of Nejd (1913–1925); Emirate of Nejd [occupies and incorporates Hejaz] (1925); Emirate of Nejd (1925–1932); Nejd and Hejaz formally united as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1932– ) | Saudi Arabia |
| Syria | SYR | 652 | SY | SYR | 760 | SYR | 97 | Syrian province of the Ottoman Empire (1900–1918); Syrian province of the Ottoman Empire under British and French occupation (1918–1920); Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920); Arab Kingdom of Syria divided into separate ”Levant States” by France (1920–1922); Syrian Federation (1922–1924); Syrian Federation under French protectorate (1923–1924); State of Syria (1924); State of Syria under French protectorate (1924–1930); Syrian Republic (1930); Syrian Republic under French protectorate (1930–1943); Syrian Republic [achieves independence] (1943); Syrian Republic under French protectorate (1943–1946); Syrian Republic [independence recognized, last French troops depart] (1946); Syrian Republic (1946–1958); part of United Arab Republic (1958–1961); Syrian Arab Republic (1961– ) | Syria |
| Tunisia | TUN | 616 | TN | TUN | 788 | TUN | 98 | Beylik of Tunis [autonomous under nominal Ottoman suzerainty] (1789–1881); French protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956); Tunisian Republic [independent state] (1956– ) | Tunisia |
| Turkey | TUR | 640 | TR | TUR | 792 | TUR | 99 | Ottoman Empire (1789); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Serbia, Samos, Greece, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1789–1804); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Samos, Greece, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1804–1813); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Serbia, Samos, Greece, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1813–1815); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Greece, Samos, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1815–1821); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Greece, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1821–1822); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete] (1822–1830); Ottoman Empire [includes Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete] (1830–1831); Ottoman Empire [includes Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad)] (1831–1841); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad)] (1841–1850); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North)](1850–1859); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North), Baban (Kurdistan)] (1859–1878); Ottoman Empire[includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North), Baban (Kurdistan)] (1878–1885); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North), Baban (Kurdistan)] (1885–1897); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North), Baban (Kurdistan)] (1897–1918); Ottoman Empire [transition phase] (1918–1923); Republic of Turkey (1923– ) | Turkey |
| United Arab Emirates | UAE | 696 | AE | ARE | 784 | ARE | 207 | British sphere of influence (1900–1971); independent state formed from seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al-Quwain (1971– ) | United Arab Emirates |
| Yemen | YEM | 679 | YE | YEM | 887 | YEM | 14 | Yemen (1789–1850); part of the Ottoman Empire [varying degrees of control/direct rule] (1850–1918); Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962); the Yemen Arab Republic [”North Yemen”] (1962–1990); Republic of Yemen (1990– ) | Yemen |
| Yemen Arab Republic | YAR | 678 | YEM | 14 | Yemen (1789–1850); part of the Ottoman Empire [varying degrees of control/direct rule] (1850–1918); Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962); the Yemen Arab Republic [”North Yemen”] " | Yemen Arab Republic | |||
| Yemen People's Republic | YPR | 680 | YD | YMD | 720 | YMD | 23 | Aden, part of British India (1900–1937); British colony of Aden (1937–1963); Federation of South Arabia (1963–1967); People’s Republic of South Yemen (1967–1970); People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (1970–1990) | Yemen People's Republic |
Oceania
| State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | AUL | 900 | AU | AUS | 036 | AUS | 67 | British colony of New South Wales (1789–1901); Commonwealth of Australia (1901– ) | Australia |
| Federated States of Micronesia | FSM | 987 | FM | FSM | 583 | German colony (1900–1914); Japanese colony (1914–1944); Federated States of Micronesia under US occupation and trusteeship (1944–1986); Federated States of Micronesia [independent state] (1986– ) | Federated States of Micronesia | ||
| Fiji | FIJ | 950 | FJ | FJI | 242 | FJI | 162 | British colony (1900–1970); Dominion of Fiji [independent state] (1970–1987); Republic of Fiji (1987–1990); Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji (1990–1998); Republic of the Fiji Islands (1998-2011); Republic of Fiji (2011– ) | Fiji |
| Kiribati | KIR | 946 | KI | KIR | 296 | British protectorate over Gilbert and Ellice Islands [administered by Western Pacific High Commission in Fiji] (1900–1916); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1916–1919); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands joined by Christmas Island/Kiritimati (1919); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1919–1937); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands joined by Phoenix Islands (1937); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937–1941); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands under Japanese occupation (1941–1943); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1943–1971); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands with self-rule (1971–1975); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands with self-determination over domestic affairs (1975–1979); Kiribati [independent state] (1979– ) | Kiribati | ||
| Marshall Islands | MSI | 983 | MH | MHL | 584 | German protectorate [part of German New Guinea] (1900–1914); German protectorate under Japanese occupation (1914–1920); Japanese colony (1920–1944); Japanese colony under US occupation (1944–1979); Marshall Islands with self-rule (1979–1986); Marshall Islands [independent state] (1986– ) | Marshall Islands | ||
| Nauru | NAU | 970 | NR | NRU | 520 | Nauru as German colony (1900–1914); Nauru under Australian occupation (1914–1923); Nauru under League of Nations trustee mandate [held jointly by Australia, New Zealand, and UK] (1923–1942); Nauru under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Nauru under Australian occupation (1945–1947); Nauru under UN trustee mandate [held jointly by Australia, New Zealand, and UK] (1947–1966); Republic of Nauru [self-governing] (1966–1968); Republic of Nauru [independent state] (1968– ) | Nauru | ||
| New Zealand | NEW | 920 | NZ | NZL | 554 | NZL | 185 | New Zealand Colony (1841–1907); Dominion of New Zealand (1907– ) | New Zealand |
| Palau | PAL | 986 | PW | PLW | 585 | Palau as a German colony (1900–1914); Palau under Japanese occupation (1914–1944); Palau under US occupation (1944–1947); Palau as a US trust territory (1947–1994); Republic of Palau with self-rule (1978–1994); Republic of Palau [independent state] (1994– ) | Palau | ||
| Papua New Guinea | PNG | 910 | PG | PNG | 598 | PNG | 93 | British protectorate of British New Guinea (1900–1902); British New Guinea under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia (1902–1906); Territory of Papua (1906); Territory of Papua under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia (1906–1945); Territory of Papua after union with the Territory of New Guinea (1945); Territory of Papua and New Guinea under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia (1945–1975); Independent State of Papua New Guinea (1975– ) | Papua New Guinea |
| Samoa | WSM | 990 | WS | WSM | 882 | German colony of German Samoa (1900–1914); Samoa under New Zealand mandate [territory granted by League of Nations] (1914–1962); Western Samoa [independent state] (1962–1997); Samoa (1997– ) | Samoa | ||
| Solomon Islands | SOL | 940 | SB | SLB | 090 | SLB | 203 | Solomon Islands as a British colony or protectorate (1900–1942); Solomon Islands as a British colony under Japanese occupation (1942–1943); Solomon Islands as a British colony (1943–1976); Solomon Islands with self-rule within the Commonwealth (1976–1978); Solomon Islands [independent state] (1978– ) | Solomon Islands |
| Tonga | TON | 955 | TO | TON | 776 | British protectorate (1900–1901); part of the British Western Pacific Territories under a colonial High Commissioner residing in Fiji (1901–1952); Kingdom of Tonga under British protectorate (1952–1970); Kingdom of Tonga with self-rule within the Commonwealth (1970–1999); Kingdom of Tonga [independent state] (1999– ) | Tonga | ||
| Tuvalu | TUV | 947 | TV | TUV | 798 | Part of Ellice Islands British protectorate [British Western Pacific Territories] (1900–1916); part of Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony (1916–1974); Tuvalu after separation from Gilbert Islands [British dependency status] (1974–1978); Tuvalu with self-rule within the Commonwealth (1978-2000); Tuvalu [independent state] (2000– ) | Tuvalu | ||
| Vanuatu | VAN | 935 | VU | VUT | 548 | VUT | 206 | Vanuatu under joint French and British control by British-French Condominium [separate governing systems] (1906–1980); Republic of Vanuatu [independent state] (1980– ) | Vanuatu |
Sources
Citation Style still needs to be edited!!!
- Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, Vlad Ciobanu, and Moa Olin. 2018. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.
- Correlates of War Project. 2016. “State System Membership List, v2016.”
