Fam mat leave cov own

Quick info
Data type	String
Scale	String
Value labels	employment sector or occupations
Technical name	fam_mat_leave_cov_own
Category	Family and gender policies
Label	Coverage - Maternity
Related indicators	fam_mat_leave_cov_own2 (Coverage of maternity leave in categorical variable)

Aggregated de jure coverage of maternity program(s)

Coding rules

This variable provides detailed information about the coverage, preserving the original coding from national legislation texts as much as possible. The basic format of this variable is the "numeric index. occupation or status", e.g. 1.1 resident. We add a numeric index in front of the name of the occupation or employment sector to identify (especially atypical) employment sectors and public/private division. We first categorize legal coverages into three attributes: status, types of employment (atypical or not), and occupation. Next, we categorize more precisely. The keys of the numeric index are as follows:

1. Status

1.1 residence (e.g. 1.1 resident, 1.1 universal, 1.1 British subject)

1.2 gender, age, marital status, income level (e.g. 1.2 needy, 1.2 single, 1.2 widow)

1.3 regional information (e.g. 1.3 citizens in La Paz)

1.4 ethnic group (e.g. 1.4 Asian, 1.4 Aborigine)

1.5 beneficiary of other types of social programs (e.g. 1.5 pensioner, 1.5 widow of recipient)

2. Types of employment (especially atypical types of employment)

(e.g. 2. self-employed, 2. family workers, 2. household workers, 2. irregular workers)

3. Occupation (hierarchical structure)

3.1 highest level: employed, unemployed, students/apprentice, religious occupation

3.2 middle level: private sector, public sector

3.3 lowest level (details of the occupation)

3.4 membership in trade union

If a paid maternity leave in a nation-state covers more than one occupation or status, these formats will be connected with either ";" or “,” or "+". We chain information involving two different levels with “;” if paid maternity leave covers a broad occupational category and explicitly includes specific occupations. For instance, if it is coded as “3.2 private; 3.3 agricultural”, it means this country covers employees in the private sector including the agricultural sector. However, if we chain information involving two different levels of occupational categories with “+”, it means that the paid maternity leave covers only the lower level of occupational categories that belongs to the higher level of occupational categories. For instance, “3.2 public + 3.3 military” indicates that the paid maternity leave covers only military groups in the public sector. “,” connects information in the same level or categories, e.g. “3.3 agricultural, commercial, industrial” or “3.2 public, private”.

In case of multiple parallel maternity leave programs, coverage in the database is aggregated to give an overview of the coverage of paid maternity leave in the nation-state. Below, we present how we coded multiple maternity leave schemes in Chile from 1924 until 1952 as an example.

Between 1924 and 1952, Chile has adopted five major reforms regarding paid maternity leave. Chile introduced its first paid maternity leave as part of a social insurance system in 1924, covering wage earners. Shortly afterwards, it extended its coverage to salaried employees and industrial/commercial workers by adopting different schemes of paid maternity leave, which each had conditions that differed from the first paid maternity leave. For instance, the salaried employees with high qualification were entitled to a higher level of benefit and a longer period of leave. On the other hand, industrial and commercial workers were not included in the social insurance scheme but subject to an employer-liability program. In 1932, Labour code Decree No. 178 intended to guarantee the right of paid maternity leave for all groups, but without unifying the methods of financing, e.g. employer-liability or social insurance. The reform in 1952, i.e. Act No. 10383, which was the follow-up reform of the Act No. 4054, increased the level of benefit and prolonged the duration of benefit for wage earners.

Bibliographic info

Citation: Keonhi Son, Tobias Böger, Simone Tonelli, Petra Buhr, Sonja Drobnič, and Johannes Huinink, 2020, “Codebook of Historical Database on Maternity Leave (HDML)”, available at: “https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series”.

Related publications: Son, Keonhi; Böger, Tobias, 2021: The Inclusiveness of Maternity Leave Rights over 120 Years and across Five Continents, in: Social Inclusion, 9 (2), (forthcoming), doi:10.17645/si.v9i2.3785

Misc

Project manager(s): Keonhi Son, Tobias Böger, Simone Tonelli, Petra Buhr, Sonja Drobnič, and Johannes Huinink (A06)

Data release: tbd

Revisions: tbd

Sources

• Council of Europe. Various years. Mutual Information System on Social Protection of the Council of Europe (MISSCEO). Strasbourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-social-charter/missceo-database

• Gauthier, Anne H. 2011. Comparative Family Policy Database. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR).

  https://www.demogr.mpg.de/cgi-bin/databases/FamPolDB/about.plx

• International Labour Organization. Various years. Database of National Labour, Social Security and Related Human Rights Legislation (NATLEX). Geneva: ILO.

  https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.byCountry?p_lang=en

• International Labour Organization. Various years. Legislative Series. Geneva: ILO.

  https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/P/09607/

• International Labour Organization. Various years. Social Security Database. Geneva: ILO.

  https://www.ilo.org/sesame/IFPSES.SSDBMenu

• International Labour Organization. Various years. TRAVAIL Legal Databases. Geneva: ILO.

  https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/travmain.byCountry2

• International Labour Organization. 1994. Conditions of Work Digest. Geneva: ILO.

  https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/ilo-bookstore/order-online/books/WCMS_PUBL_9221091996_EN/lang--en/index.htm

• Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy. Various years. Social Policy and Law Shared Database (SPLASH). Munich: Max Planck Institute.

  https://splash-db.eu/

• OECD. Various years. Employment: Length of maternity leave, parental leave, and paid father-specific leave. Paris: OECD Publishing

  https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=54760

• OECD. 2017. OECD Family database, PF 2.5 Annex: Detail of change in parental leave by country, Paris: OECD Publishing.

  https://www.oecd.org/els/family/PF2_5_Trends_in_leave_entitlements_around_childbirth_annex.pdf

• Social Security Administration. Various years. Social Security Programs Throughout the World. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1949-1999 reports: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003924614

  1999-2019 reports: https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/

• Statistical Office of the European Communities. Various years. European System of Integrated Social Protection Statistics (ESSPROS). Luxembourg: Eurostat.

  https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:European_system_of_integrated_social_protection_statistics_(ESSPROS)

• World Bank. 2018. Women, Business and the Law Data. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

  https://wbl.worldbank.org/