Fam mat leave cov own

Quick info
Data type	String
Scale	String
Value labels	employment sector or occupations
Technical name	fam_mat_leave_cov_own
Category	Family and gender policies
Label	Coverage - Maternity
Related indicators	Not applicable

Aggregated de jure coverage of maternity program(s) (as categorical variable)

Coding rules

This variable standardizes the coding of coverage to enable cross-sectional as well as temporal comparisons. In cases where multiple parallel maternity leave programs exist, the coverage in the database is aggregated to give an overview of the paid maternity leave coverage within the nation-state.

Based on the classification of coverage in the ILO Maternity Protection Conventions (C003, C103, and C183), we matched all occupations and other types of categorical entitlement conditions to the four sectors used by the ILO: industrial, non-industrial, agricultural, and atypical. These employment sectors are chained together using a semicolon “;” and listed in alphabetical order, i.e. agricultural; industrial; non-industrial. If the maternity program covers only civil servants employees in public sector, it is coded as “none”.

If legal coverage is coded as “all employed” from the very first maternity protection program, it does not necessarily mean that the program actually covers the entire working population. It is often the case that countries did not recognize the necessity (or social right) of maternity protection for marginal groups, such as agricultural workers and those in atypical employment. In most countries, the term “atypical workers” only began to appear in social insurance legislation after the 1960s. Therefore, in the early years, when coverage is described as “all employed”, we coded it as covering “industrial, non-industrial, agricultural” sectors, unless there was explicit inclusion of specific occupational groups in the legislation.

1. Industrial sector:

(a) mines, quarries, and other works for the extraction of minerals from the earth;

(b) industries in which articles are manufactured, altered, cleaned, repaired, ornamented, finished, adapted for sale, broken up or demolished, or in which materials are transformed; including shipbuilding and the generation, transformation, and transmission of electricity or motive power of any kind;

(c) construction, reconstruction, maintenance, repair, alteration, or demolition of any building, railway, tramway, harbour, dock, pier, canal, inland waterway, road, tunnel, bridge, viaduct, sewer, drain, well, telegraphic or telephonic installation, electrical undertaking, gas work, water work, or other work of construction, as well as the preparation for or laying the foundation of any such work or structure;

(d) transport of passengers or goods by road, rail, sea, or inland waterway, including the handling of goods at docks, quays, wharves, and warehouses, but excluding transport by hand.

2. Non-industrial sector:

(a) commercial establishments;

(b) postal and telecommunication services;

(c) establishments and administrative services in which the persons employed are mainly engaged in clerical work;

(d) newspaper undertakings;

(e) hotels, boarding houses, restaurants, clubs, cafes and other refreshment houses;

(f) establishments for the treatment and care of the sick, infirm or destitute and of orphans;

(g) theatres and places of public entertainment.

3. Agricultural sector:

occupations carried on in agricultural undertakings, including plantations and large-scale industrialized agricultural undertakings.

4. Atypical sector:

fixed term contracts, casual, contract, seasonal and part-time workers, homeworkers, piece workers, temporary agency workers, unorganized, informal employees and women in disguised self-employment.

Bibliographic info

Citation: Keonhi Son, Tobias Böger, Simone Tonelli, Petra Buhr, Sonja Drobnič, and Johannes Huinink, 2020, “Codebook of Historical Database on Maternity Leave (HDML)”, available at: “https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series”.

Related publications: Son, Keonhi; Böger, Tobias, 2021: The Inclusiveness of Maternity Leave Rights over 120 Years and across Five Continents, in: Social Inclusion, 9 (2), (forthcoming), doi:10.17645/si.v9i2.3785

Misc

Project manager(s): Keonhi Son, Tobias Böger, Simone Tonelli, Petra Buhr, Sonja Drobnič, and Johannes Huinink (A06)

Data release:

• Version 0.001: Initial release

Revisions: No revisions yet

Sources

Before 1949:

• International Labour Organization. Various years. Legislative Series. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/P/09607/
• Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy. Various years. Social Policy and Law Shared Database (SPLASH). Munich: Max Planck Institute. https://splash-db.eu/
• OECD. 2017. OECD Family database, PF 2.5 Annex: Detail of change in parental leave by country, Paris: OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/els/family/PF2_5_Trends_in_leave_entitlements_around_childbirth_annex.pdf

1949–1989:

• Gauthier, Anne H. 2011. Comparative Family Policy Database. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR). https://www.demogr.mpg.de/cgi-bin/databases/FamPolDB/about.plx
• International Labour Organization. Various years. TRAVAIL Legal Databases. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/travmain.byCountry2
• International Labour Organization. Various years. Database of National Labour, Social Security and Related Human Rights Legislation (NATLEX). Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.byCountry?p_lang=en
• Social Security Administration. Various years. Social Security Programs Throughout the World. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1949-1999 reports: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003924614 1999-2019 reports: https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/

Since 1990:

• Council of Europe. Various years. Mutual Information System on Social Protection of the Council of Europe (MISSCEO). Strasbourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. https://www.coe.int/en/web/european-social-charter/missceo-database
• International Labour Organization. 1994. Conditions of Work Digest. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/ilo-bookstore/order-online/books/WCMS_PUBL_9221091996_EN/lang--en/index.htm
• International Labour Organization. Various years. Social Security Database. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/sesame/IFPSES.SSDBMenu
• OECD. Various years. Employment: Length of maternity leave, parental leave, and paid father-specific leave. Paris: OECD Publishing https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=54760
• Statistical Office of the European Communities. Various years. European System of Integrated Social Protection Statistics (ESSPROS). Luxembourg: Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:European_system_of_integrated_social_protection_statistics_(ESSPROS)
• World Bank. 2024. Women, Business and the Law Data. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. https://wbl.worldbank.org/