Difference between revisions of "Country codes"

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This page lists all 2XX "countries" included in WeSIS and their numeric codes. Defining a country, political unit or a state member of the international system is challenging. In order to ensure cross-comparability to other major data collections in the social sciences, we rely on the [http://www.correlatesofwar.org/ Corrrelates of War] project (COW) complemented by the [https://www.v-dem.net/en/ V-Dem] project (V-Dem).
+
This page lists all "countries" and International Organizations included in WeSIS and their numeric codes. Defining a country, political unit or a state member of the international system is challenging. In order to ensure cross-comparability to other major data collections in the social sciences, we rely on the coding by the [http://www.correlatesofwar.org/ Corrrelates of War] project (COW).
  
−
== Definition and Discussion ==
+
== Identifying entities ==
−
COW and V-Dem show a huge overlap in defining entities. For COW, an entity must have "a resonable degree of autonomy". For V-Dem, an entity must be an "effective governance unit".
 
−
Further criteria apply e.g. population size, diplomatic missions, or continuity with a contemporary nation-state. They partly differ regarding the treatment of successor or predecessor states. V-Dem's country codes aim at providing a consistent time series whereas COW usually treats states as "fixed". For example, COW assigns three codes to Korea, North Korea and South Korea; V-Dem subsumes Korea and South Korea under one code. Data in WeSIS is matched on several IDs and thus allows for a flexible case selection reflecting user's demands.
 
  
 +
Contemporary states existent in 2016 form the basis of this list. COW applies a minimum definition for actors to qualify as a state member of the international system since
 +
1816 (for a detailed discussion and refinements see COW's "[http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/state-system-membership State System Membership List, v2016]"):
  
−
'''Disclaimer''': The inclusion of an entity in WeSIS is based on scientific and analytical grounds. This precludes any judgments about which territories qualify as countries. For this reason, recognizing entities in WeSIS should not be interpreted as judgments about sovereign claims to disputed territories.
+
* Prior to 1920, the entity must have population greater than 500,000 and have had diplomatic missions at or above the rank of charge d’affaires with Britain and France.
 +
* After 1920, the entity must be a member of the United Nations or League of Nations, or have a population greater than 500,000 and receive diplomatic missions from two major powers.
  
−
== Africa ==
+
In addition, territorial and/or administrative changes are tracked and related entities are included for WeSIS based on COW's [https://correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/colonial-dependency-contiguity "Colonial Contiguity Data"], more specifically the "Entities" list (included in the PDF file).
  
−
{|class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
+
Regarding International Organizations (IOs), COW defines the following criteria for an IO to be considered (for a detailed discussion and refinements see COW's [https://correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/igos/ "Codebook for International Governmental Organizations Data Set"]):
−
!State Name!!COW State Abbreviation!!COW Numeric Code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code!!ISO 3166 Numeric code!!V-Dem Country Text ID!!V-Dem Country ID!!V-Dem Historical Names!!Wikipedia
+
 
−
|-
+
* An IGO must consist of at least three members of the COW-defined state system.
−
|Angola||ANG||540||AO||AGO||24||AGO||104||Portuguese Angola [colony, borders fixed and administration extended into the hinterland] (1900–1951); Overseas Province of Angola (1951–1975); Independent state (1975– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola Angola]
+
* An IGO must hold regular plenary sessions at least once every ten years.
−
|-
+
* An IGO must possess a permanent secretariat and corresponding headquarters.
−
|Benin||BEN||434||BJ||BEN||204||BEN||52||French Dahomey [colony within French West Africa] (1900–1958); Republic of Dahomey [autonomous] (1958–1960); Republic of Benin [independent state] (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin Benin]
+
 
−
|-
+
WeSIS does not include all IOs listed by COW, but recognizes those IOs as entities that play a role for the dynamics of social policies.
−
|Botswana||BOT||571||BW||BWA||72||BWA||68||Bechuanaland Protectorate (1900–1966); Republic of Botswana [independent state] (1966-)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana Botswana]
+
 
−
|-
+
'''''Disclaimer''': The inclusion of an entity in WeSIS is based on scientific and analytical grounds. This precludes any judgments about which territories qualify as countries. For this reason, recognizing entities in WeSIS should not be interpreted as judgments about sovereign claims to disputed territories.''
−
|Burkina Faso||BFO||439||BF||BFA||854||BFA||54||Colonial territory of Upper Volta [part of French West Africa][formed from territories previously belonging to Upper Senegal, Niger and Ivory Coast] (1919–1932); Colonial territory of Upper Volta [dissolved][territories administered by Ivory Coast, French Sudan, and Niger] (1932–1947); Colonial territory of Upper Volta [reconstituted][part of the French Union with previous boundaries] (1947); Colonial territory of Upper Volta (1947–1958); Republic of Upper Volta [self-governing within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Upper Volta [independent state] (1960–1984); Burkina Faso (1984– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso Burkina Faso]
+
 
−
|-
+
== Relation types ==
−
|Burundi||BUI||516||BI||BDI||108||BDI||69|| Part of German East Africa (1900–1916); Ruandi-Urundi (1916–1962); Republic of Burundi [independent state] (1962– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burundi Burundi]
+
 
 +
The following types of relationship are coded from COW's "Entity" list:
 +
 
 +
# (Became) '''part of'''
 +
# (Became) '''possession of'''
 +
# (Became) '''colony''' of
 +
# '''Occupied by'''
 +
# (Became) '''protectorate'''
 +
# '''Mandated to'''
 +
# Leased to
 +
# (Became) neutral or demilitarized
 +
 
 +
== Reading the table ==
 +
 
 +
The entity list below uses index notation to describe the relation, the time frame and type within a row.
 +
 
 +
Using Cuba as an example, it can be read as follows:
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! cow_code
 +
! country_name
 +
! independence
 +
! related_list
 +
! relation_year
 +
! relation_type
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Cameroon||CAO||471||CM||CMR||120||CMR||108||German colony of Kamerun (1900–1919); Cameroon under dual League of Nations mandates [under France and Britain] (1919–1946); Cameroon [converted to UN trusteeships9 (1946–1960); Republic of Cameroon [French portion] [independent state] (1960); Republic of Cameroon and British Cameroon (1960–1961); Federal Republic of Cameroon [independent state] [Republic of Cameroon merged with southern part of British Cameroons] (1961); Republic of Cameroon (1961–1972); United Republic of Cameroon (1972–1984); Republic of Cameroon (1984- )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon Cameroon]
+
| 40
−
|-
+
| Cuba
−
|Cape Verde||CAP||402||CV||CPV||132||CPV||70||Colony of Portugal (1900–1951); overseas province of Portugal (1951–1975); Republic of Cape Verde [independent state] (1975– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde Cape Verde]
+
| [(1902, 1906), (1909, 9999)]
−
|-
+
| [230, 2, 2]
−
|Central African Republic||CEN||482||CF||CAF||140||CAF||71||Oubangui-Chari established as French administration [also known as Ubangi-Shari] (1903); Oubangui-Chari as part of the French Congo (1903–1906); Oubangui-Chari merged with Chad (1906); Oubangui-Chari as part of the French Congo (1906–1910); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad as part of the French Equatorial Africa [successor of French Congo] (1910–1911); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] under German occupation in its western part (1911–1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] [reoccupied by France] (1914–1920); Oubangi-Chari [autonomous unit, separated from Tchad] (1920); Oubangi-Chari [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1920–1946); Oubangi-Chari [overseas territory of the French Union] (1946–1958); Central African Republic [selfrule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Central African Republic [independent state] (1960–1976); Central African Empire (1976–1979); Central African Republic (1979–)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic Central African Republic]
+
| [(1816, 1898), (1898, 1902), (1906, 1909)]
−
|-
+
| [3, 4, 4]
−
|Chad||CHA||483||TD||TCD||148||TCD||109||Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad (1900–1910); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad joins French Equatorial Africa] (1910–1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [terrytory’s pacification of present-day state complete] (1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1914–1920); Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1920–1946); Tchad [overseas territory of France] (1946–1958); Chad as a member of the Union of Central African Republics [self-rule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Chad [independent state] (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad Chad]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Comoros||COM||581||KM||COM||174||COM||153||French Protectorate of the Comoros (1900–1912); Mayotte and Dependencies (1912–1914); Comoros subordinated to Madagascar (1914–1946); Comoros as a French overseas territory (1946–1975); Union of the Comoros [independent state] (1975– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros Comoros]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Congo||CON||484||CG||COG||178||COG||112||Middle Congo (1903–1910); Middle Congo (1903–1910); Middle Congo as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1910–1934); Middle Congo under direct administration of the governor-general of French Equatorial Africa (1934); Middle Congo as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1934–1958); Middle Congo as a member of the newly formed Union of Central African Republics (1958–1958); Congo Republic as a member of the newly formed Union of Central African Republics (1958–1960); Congo Republic [independent state] (1960); Congo Republic (1960–1970); People’s Republic of the Congo (1970–1991); Republic of the Congo (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo Congo]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Democratic Republic of the Congo||DRC||490||CD||COD||180||COD||111||Congo Free State [property of King Leopold of Belgium] (1900–1908); Belgian colony of Belgian Congo (1908–1960); Republic of Congo [independent state] [also known as Congo-Leopoldville] (1960–1965); Democratic Republic of Congo (1965–1971); Republic of Zaire (1971–1997); Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Djibouti||DJI||522||DJ||DJI||262||DJI||113||French colony of French Somaliland (1900–1967); Territoire Francais des Afars et des Issas (1967–1977); Republic of Djibouti [independent state], (1977– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti Djibouti]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Equatorial Guinea||EQG||411||GQ||GNQ||226||GNQ||160||Colony of Rio Muni, Colony of Elobey, Annobon and Corisco, and Island of Bioko [autonomous from one another] [under Spanish rule] (1900–1926); Colony of Spanish Guinea (1926–1959); Provinces of the Spanish Equatorial Region (1959–1963); Equatorial Guinea [autonomous community] (1963–1968); Republic of Equatorial Guinea [independent state] (1968– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea Equatorial Guinea]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Eritrea||ERI||531||ER||ERI||232||ERI||115||Italian colony (1900–1936); Eritrea as a province of Italian East Africa (1936–1941); Eritrea under British occupation [administered under the terms of a UN mandate] (1941–1951); Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1952–1962); Eritrea as a territory within Ethiopia (1962–1993); State of Eritrea [independent state] (1993– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea Eritrea]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ethiopia||ETH||530||ET||ETH||231||ETH||38|| Empire of Ethiopia (1789–1936); Empire of Ethiopia under Italian occupation (1936–1941); Empire of Ethiopia (1941–1974); Socialist Ethiopia (1974–1991); Socialist Ethiopia [transition phase] (1991–1995); Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia Ethiopia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Gabon||GAB||481||GA||GAB||266||GAB||116||Gabon under French sphere of influence (1900–1910); Gabon as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1910–1958); Gabon as a member of the Union of Central African Republics (1958–1960); Gabonese Republic [independent state] (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon Gabon]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Gambia||GAM||420||GM||GMB||270||GMB||117||British Crown Colony of the Gambia (1900–1965); The Gambia [independent state] (1965); The Gambia [republic within the Commonwealth] (1965–1970); Republic of the Gambia (1970– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia Gambia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ghana||GHA||452||GH||GHA||288||GHA||7||Gold Coast Colony (1900–1902); Gold Cost Colony [consisting of the coastal regions] (1902–1919); Gold Coast Colony [joined by part of German Togoland] (1919); Gold Coast Colony [conquered territory of Asante, Northern territories protectorates ruled by a single governor] (1919–1946); Gold Coast Colony (1946–1956); Gold Coast Colony [joined by British Togoland and protectorates] (1956); Gold Coast Colony (1956–1957); Republic of Ghana (1957– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana Ghana]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Guinea||GUI||438||GN||GIN||324||GIN||63|| French Guinea [part of French West Africa] (1900–1958); Republic of Guinea [independent state] (1958– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea Guinea]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Guinea-Bissau||GNB||404||GW||GNB||624||GNB||119||Colony of Portuguese Guinea (1900–1973); Republic of Guinea Bissau [independent state] (1973– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ivory Coast||CDI||437||CI||CIV||384||CIV||64||Ivory Coast as a French colony (1900–1904); Ivory Coast [part of French West Africa] (1904–1958); Ivory Coast [member of French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Cˆote d’Ivoire [independent state] (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast Ivory Coast]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Kenya||KEN||501||KE||KEN||404||KEN||40||East Africa Protectorate (1900–1920); British colony of Kenya (1920–1963); Republic of Kenya [independent state] (1963– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya Kenya]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Lesotho||LES||570||LS||LSO||426||LSO||85||British Protectorate of Basutoland (1900–1966); Kingdom of Lesotho [independent state] (1966– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho Lesotho]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Liberia||LBR||450||LR||LBR||430||LBR||86||Cape Mesurado Colony (1821–1824); Colony of Liberia (1824–1839); Commonwealth of Liberia (1839–1847); Republic of Liberia (1847– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia Liberia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Madagascar||MAG||580||MG||MDG||450||MDG||125||Kingdom of Imerina (1817–1896); Kingdom of Imerina under French Protectorate (1896–1897); French colony of Madagascar (1897–1958); Malagasy Republic [self-rule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Madagascar [independent state] (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar Madagascar]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Malawi||MAW||553||MW||MWI||454||MWI||87||British colony of Nyasaland (1900–1953); Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation [consolidated with Rhodesia (North and South)] (1953–1963); British colony of Nyasaland (1963–1964); Republic of Malawi [independent state] (1964– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawi Malawi]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Mali||MLI||432||ML||MLI||466||MLI||28||French Sudan/Sudanese Republic (1900–1958); Mali Federation (1958–1960), Republic of Mali (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali Mali]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Mauritania||MAA||435||MR||MRT||478||MRT||65||Mauritania as a French colony (1900–1904); Mauritania as a French colony [boundaries established] (1904–1912); Mauritania as a French colony [fully pacified] (1912); Mauritania as a French colony (1912–1920); Mauritania [member of French West Africa] (1920–1958); Republic of Mauritania [within the French Community]; Islamic Republic of Mauritania [independent state] (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania Mauritania]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Mauritius||MAS||590||MU||MUS||480||MUS||180||Mauritius as a British colony (1900–1968); Republic of Mauritius [independent state] (1968-)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius Mauritius]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Mozambique||MZM||541||MZ||MOZ||508||MOZ||57||Portuguese colony (1900–1975); Independent state (1975– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique Mozambique]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Namibia||NAM||565||NA||NAM||516||NAM||127||German Southwest Africa (1900–1915); Southwest Africa as a South African colony (1915–1989); Republic of Namibia [independent state] (1990– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia Namibia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Niger||NIR||436||NE||NER||562||NER||60||Niger under French influence (1900–1922); Niger as a French colony (1922–1958); Niger [self-rule within French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Niger [independent state] (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger Niger]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Nigeria||NIG||475||NG||NGA||566||NGA||45||Protectorate of Northern Nigeria and the Niger Coast Protectorate/ Protectorate of Southern Nigeria [divided] (1900–1914); Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria [unified] (1914–1960); Federal Republic of Nigeria [independent state] (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria Nigeria]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Rwanda||RWA||517||RW||RWA||646||RWA||129||Part of German East Africa (1900–1916); Ruanda-Urundi (1916–1962); Republic of Rwanda [independent state] (1962– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda Rwanda]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Sao Tome and Principe||STP||403||ST||STP||678||STP||196||Portuguese colony (1900–1975); Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe [independent state] (1975– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%Adncipe Sao Tome and Principe]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Senegal||SEN||433||SN||SEN||686||SEN||31||French colony of Senegal (1904–1959); Mali Federation (1959–1960); Senegal [independent state] (1960–1982); Senegambia (1982–1989); Republic of Senegal (1989– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal Senegal]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Seychelles||SEY||591||SC||SYC||690||SYC||199||Seychelles as a British crown colony (1903–1976); Republic of the Seychelles [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1976– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles Seychelles]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Sierra Leone||SIE||451||SL||SLE||694||SLE||95||Sierra Leone British colony (1900–1924); Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate [each with separate legislatures] (1924–1953); Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate [self-rule] (1953–1961); Republic of Sierra Leone [independent state] (1961– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone Sierra Leone]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Somalia||SOM||520||SO||SOM||706||SOM||130||Somalia under formal Italian control over most of the territory [except British Somaliland] (1900–1910 ); Somalia under effective (more or less) Italian control (1910–1941); Somalia under British occupation (1941–1950); UN Trust Territory of Somalia under Italian administration (1950–1960); Somali Republic [unites Somaliland with the Trust Territory of Somalia] (1960–1969); Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991); Somali Democratic Republic [civil war] (1991-2004); Transitional Federal Government [civil war] (2004-2012); Federal Government of Somalia [civil war] (2012– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia Somalia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|South Africa||SAF||560||ZA||ZAF||710||ZAF||8||South Africa as a British colony (1900–1910); Union of South Africa (1910–1931); Union of South Africa [independent state] (1931–1961); Union of South Africa [exits the Commonwealth] (1961); Republic of South Africa (1961– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa South Africa]
 
−
|-
 
−
|South Sudan||SSD||626||SS||SSD||728||SSD||32||Sudan (1900-2011); Republic of South Sudan [independent state] (2011– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan South Sudan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Sudan||SUD||625||SD||SDN||729||SDN||33||British colony under auspices of Anglo-Egyptian condominium (1900–1956); Republic of the Sudan [independent state] (1956–)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan Sudan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Swaziland||SWA||572||SZ||SWZ||748||SWZ||132||Swaziland under British protectorate (1900–1968); Kingdom of Swaziland [independent state] (1968– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland Swaziland]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Tanzania||TAZ||510||TZ||TZA||834||TZA||47||Part of German East Africa (1900–1914); Tanganyika and Zanzibar [governed separately] under British League of Nations mandate (1914–1961); Tanganyika [independent state] and Zanzibar under British League of Nations mandate (1961–1964); Tanzania [Zanzibar joins Tanganyika][independent state] (1964– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania Tanzania]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Togo||TOG||461||TG||TGO||768||TGO||134||German protectorate (1900–1905); German colony of Togoland (1905–1916); Togoland under French and British administration [split into two League of Nations mandates] (1916–1946); Togoland under French and British administration [U.N. Trust Territories] (1946–1956); British Togoland joins Gold Coast, French Togoland continues a U.N. Trust Territory (1956–1959); British Togolando [joined with Gold Coast], French Togoland [autonomous republic within the French Union] (1959–1960); Togolese Republic [independent state] (1960– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo Togo]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Uganda||UGA||500||UG||UGA||800||UGA||50|| Uganda as a British protectorate (1900–1914); Uganda as a British protectorate [final shape achieved] (1914); Uganda as a British protectorate (1914–1962); Republic of Uganda [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1962– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda Uganda]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Zambia||ZAM||551||ZM||ZMB||894||ZMB||61||North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia [British colonies] (1900–1911); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia merged] (1911–1923); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [significant self-rule] (1923); Colony of Northern Rhodesia (1923–1953); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [concolidated with Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation] (1953–1963); Colony of Northern Rhodesia (1963–1964); Republic of Zambia [independent state] (1964– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambia Zambia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Zanzibar||ZAN||511||||||||ZZB||236||Sultanate of Zanzibar [independent] (1856–1885); Sultanate of Zanzibar under German protectorate (1885–1890); Sultanate of Zanzibar under British protectorate (1890–1963); Sultanate of Zanzibar [independent] (1963–1964); People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba (1964); People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba [joins Tanganyika to form Tanzania as a semi-autonomous region] (1964)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar Sultanate of Zanzibar] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Zanzibar People's Republic of Zanzibar]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Zimbabwe||ZIM||552||ZW||ZWE||716||ZWE||62||British colony of Southern Rhodesia (1900–1923); British Colony of Southern Rhodesia [self-governing] (1923–1953); British Colony of Southern Rhodesia [consolidated with Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation] (1953–1964); Rhodesia [independent state] (1964); Rhodesia (1964–1979); Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979–1980); Republic of Zimbabwe (1980– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe Zimbabwe]
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Americas ==
+
* Contemporary Cuba has the numeric COW code 40
 +
* It was independent from 1902 to 1906 and 1909 until today (9999)
 +
* Throughout time, it had three relations:
 +
** [1] From 1816 to 1898, it was a "colony of" (relation_type: 3) ''Spain'' (COW code in related_list: 230)
 +
** [2] From 1898 to 1902, it was "occupied by" (relation_type: 4) ''United States of America'' (COW code in related_list: 2)
 +
** [3] From 1906 to 1909, it was "occupied by" (relation_type: 4) ''United States of America'' (COW code in related_list: 2)
  
−
{|class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
+
WeSIS recognizes data for the entire period. Make sure that data for years outside independence is actually attributable to the focal entity, though.
−
!State Name!!COW State Abbreviation!!COW Numeric Code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code!!ISO 3166 Numeric code!!V-Dem Country Text ID!!V-Dem Country ID!!V-Dem Historical Names!!Wikipedia
+
 
−
 
+
The table contains two exceptional notations:
 +
* [(0, 0)] means the entity existed - so data may be attributable - but never was independent.
 +
* [(9999)] means "until today".
 +
 
 +
== Entity codes ==
 +
 
 +
The table lists all entities that WeSIS recognizes with their numerical COW code. It gives information about the years when an entity was or is independent. In addition, it records related entities, the type of relation and corresponding time frames. The column "pop_over_500k" is a dummy indicating whether the contemporary entity has a population over 500.000 (=1), or not (=0) in 2016 (Source: [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/sp.pop.totl Worldbank 2019]) and was used for setting priorities in terms of data collection. The columns "alt_names" and "remark" give name changes and note any deviance from COW. Finally, the table includes links to Wikipedia for more information about an entity and its history. This way, the list eases finding the proper numeric COW code when coding data for a certain entity and point in time.
 +
 
 +
To avoid ambiguity of COW's country and IO codes, we kept the original COW IGO code but added a leading "9" to arrive at a five-digit code above the numerical range of "countries". The International Labour Organization's COW code "2830", for example, thus becomes "92830". This way, IO codes can still be back traced.
 +
 
 +
Please use the search bar to the right to filter the table when looking for specific entity codes, "country names" or related entities. See [[#Reading_the_table|above]] for an example of "reading" a row.
 +
 
 +
<shtml keyname="a01admin" hash="7220cc1cdb2c40693a4184427b141ed9eaf45bc2263d93eb340e65778ec1d120"><table id="ccode" class="display" style="width:100%">
 +
<thead>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <th title="Field #1">cow_code</th>
 +
    <th title="Field #2">entity_name</th>
 +
    <th title="Field #3">independence</th>
 +
    <th title="Field #4">related_list</th>
 +
    <th title="Field #5">relation_year</th>
 +
    <th title="Field #6">relation_type</th>
 +
    <th title="Field #7">pop_over_500k</th>
 +
    <th title="Field #8">alt_names</th>
 +
    <th title="Field #9">remark</th>
 +
    <th title="Field #10">wiki</th>
 +
  </tr>
 +
</thead>
 +
<tbody>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td>League of Nations</td>
 +
    <td>[(0, 0)]</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations">League of Nations</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>1</td>
 +
    <td>United Nations</td>
 +
    <td>[(0, 0)]</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations">United Nations</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>2</td>
 +
    <td>United States of America</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td>1</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">United States of America</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>6</td>
 +
    <td>Puerto Rico</td>
 +
    <td>[(0, 0)]</td>
 +
    <td>[1070, 230, 2]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1821), (1821, 1898), (1898, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[1, 3, 3]</td>
 +
    <td>1</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td>Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the US with little to no autonomy over social policies, hence no independence coded</td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>10</td>
 +
    <td>Greenland</td>
 +
    <td>[(0, 0)]</td>
 +
    <td>[390, 2]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1953), (1941, 1945)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 4]</td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland">Greenland</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>20</td>
 +
    <td>Canada</td>
 +
    <td>[(1841, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1841, 1931)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3]</td>
 +
    <td>1</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td>Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1931 (Statute of Westminster)</td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada">Canada</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>21</td>
 +
    <td>Newfoundland</td>
 +
    <td>[(1855, 1934)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200, 200, 20]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1825, 1855), (1934, 1949), (1949, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 3, 1]</td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)">Newfoundland</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>31</td>
 +
    <td>Bahamas</td>
 +
    <td>[(1973, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1973)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3]</td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas">Bahamas</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>40</td>
 +
    <td>Cuba</td>
 +
    <td>[(1902, 1906), (1909, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[230, 2, 2]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1898), (1898, 1902), (1906, 1909)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 4, 4]</td>
 +
    <td>1</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba">Cuba</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>41</td>
 +
    <td>Haiti</td>
 +
    <td>[(1859, 1915), (1934, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[2]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1915, 1934)]</td>
 +
    <td>[4]</td>
 +
    <td>1</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti">Haiti</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>42</td>
 +
    <td>Dominican Republic</td>
 +
    <td>[(1844, 1861), (1865, 1916), (1924, 1965), (1966,9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[230, 41, 230, 2, 2]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1821), (1822,1844), (1861, 1865), (1916, 1924), (1965, 1966)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 4, 3, 4, 4]</td>
 +
    <td>1</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic">Dominican Republic</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>50</td>
 +
    <td>West Indies Federation</td>
 +
    <td>[(0, 0)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1958, 1962)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3]</td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Indies_Federation">West Indies Federation</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>51</td>
 +
    <td>Jamaica</td>
 +
    <td>[(1962, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200, 50]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1958), (1958, 1962)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 1]</td>
 +
    <td>1</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>52</td>
 +
    <td>Trinidad and Tobago</td>
 +
    <td>[(1962, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200, 50]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1958), (1958, 1962)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 1]</td>
 +
    <td>1</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>53</td>
 +
    <td>Barbados</td>
 +
    <td>[(1966, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200, 50, 200]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1966)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 1, 3]</td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados">Barbados</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>54</td>
 +
    <td>Dominica</td>
 +
    <td>[(1967, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200, 1063, 1055, 50, 200]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1871), (1871, 1940), (1940, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1978)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 1, 1, 1, 3]</td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td>Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1978</td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominica">Dominica</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>55</td>
 +
    <td>Grenada</td>
 +
    <td>[(1967, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200, 1055, 50, 200, 2]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1833), (1833, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1974), (1983, 1985)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 1, 1, 3, 4]</td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td>Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1974</td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada">Grenada</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>56</td>
 +
    <td>St. Lucia</td>
 +
    <td>[(1967, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200, 1055, 50, 200]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1838), (1838, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1979)]</td>
 +
    <td>[3, 1, 1, 3]</td>
 +
    <td>0</td>
 +
    <td></td>
 +
    <td>Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1979</td>
 +
    <td><a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Lucia">St. Lucia</a></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
  <tr>
 +
    <td>57</td>
 +
    <td>St. Vincent and the Grenadines</td>
 +
    <td>[(1967, 9999)]</td>
 +
    <td>[200, 1055, 50, 200]</td>
 +
    <td>[(1816, 1833), (1833, 1958), (1958, 1962
  
−
== Asia ==
+
In general, the temporal domain of COW starts in 1816. Yet, WeSIS does not recognize entities beyond the time frame defined by the earliest or latest year in the colums "independence" and "relation_year". In some cases, changes have been made with respect to the start or end year of independence or a relation. These are documented in the column "remark". Most notable are deviances when a country not yet gained full independence regarding foreign policy - a defining criterion for COW - but had autonomy or self-government over domestic policies. As social policies fall into this realm, time frames may have been adjusted.
  
−
{|class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
+
Based on personal exchange with COW coordinators, the following entities have been changed manually:
−
!State Name!!COW State Abbreviation!!COW Numeric Code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code!!ISO 3166 Numeric code!!V-Dem Country Text ID!!V-Dem Country ID!!V-Dem Historical Names!!Wikipedia
+
* Name change for 345 from "Yugoslavia" to "Serbia"
−
|-
 
−
|Afghanistan||AFG||700||AF||AFG||4||AFG||36||Emirate of Afghanistan (1789–1839); Emirate of Afghanistan under British protectorate and occupation (1839–1842); Emirate of Afghanistan (1842–1879); Emirate of Afghanistan under British occupation (1879); Emirate of Afghanistan under British occupation and sphere of influence(1879–1880); Emirate of Afghanistan under British sphere of influence (1880–1919); Emirate of Afghanistan (1919–1926); Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973); Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1979); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan under Russian occupation (1979–1989); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1989–1992); Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–1996); Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996-2001); Afghan Transitional Administration under US occupation (2001-2004); Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under US occupation (2004-2014); Islamic republic of Afghanistan (2014– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan Afghanistan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Armenia||ARM||371||AM||ARM||51||ARM||105||Ottoman Empire (1900–1918); Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1918); Democratic Republic of Armenia, including Eastern Armenia (1918–1922); part of Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922–1936); Armenia Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991); Republic of Armenia [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia Armenia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Azerbaijan||AZE||373||AZ||AZE||31||AZE||106|| / Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1936-1991) / Republic of Azerbaijan [independent state] (1991- )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan Azerbaijan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Bangladesh||BNG||771||BD||BGD||50||BGD||24||British India (1900–1947); Pakistan (1947–1971); People’s Republic of Bangladesh [independent state] (1971– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh Bangladesh]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Bhutan||BHU||760||BT||BTN||64||BTN||53||Princely state of British India (1910–1949); Kingdom of Bhutan as a quasi-protectorate of India [foreign policy coordinated with India] (1949-2007); Kingdom of Bhutan (2007– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan Bhutan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Brunei||BRU||835||BN||BRN||96||||||Brunei under British protectorate (1900–1941); Brunei under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Brunei under British protectorate (1945–1984); State of Brunei Darussalam [independent state] (1984– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei Brunei]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Cambodia||CAM||811||KH||KHM||116||KHM||55||Kingdom of Cambodia under French protectorate [part of French Indochina] (1900–1941); Kingdom of Cambodia under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Kingdom of Cambodia (1945–1953); Kingdom of Cambodia [independent state] (1953); Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1975); Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1978); Democratic Kampuchea under Vietnamese occupation (1978–1979); People’s Republic of Kampuchea (1979);People’s Republic of Kampuchea under Vietnamese occupation (1979–1990); Kingdom of Cambodia (1990); Kingdom of Cambodia under Vietnamese occupation (1990–1993); Kingdom of Cambodia (1993– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia Cambodia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|China||CHN||710||CN||CHN||156||CHN||110||Great Qing Empire (1789–1900); Great Qing Empire with Tientsin and Beijing under Austro-Hungarian, British, German, French, Italian, Japanese, Russian and US occupation (1900–1901); Great Qing Empire (1901–1911); Republic of China [Warlord China] (1911–1928); Republic of China [Nationalist China] (1928–1949); People’s Republic of China (1949– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China China]
 
−
|-
 
−
|East Timor||ETM||860||TL||TLS||626||TLS||74||Portuguese colony of East Timor (1900–1975); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [unilateral declaration of independent state by FRETILIN (Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor)] (1975); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste under Indonesian occupation (1975–1999); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste under UN administration (1999-2002); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [independent state] (2002– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Timor East Timor]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Georgia||GRG||372||GE||GEO||268||GEO||118||Russian Empire (1900–1917); Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1917–1918); Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921); Democratic Republic of Georgia under Soviet rule (1921–1922); part of Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922–1936); Georgia Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991); Republic of Georgia [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country) Georgia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Hong Kong||||||HK||HKG||344||HKG||167||Hong Kong as a British colony (1900–1941); Hong Kong under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Hong Kong as a British colony (1945–1997); Hong Kong as a special administrative region of China (1997– ).||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong Hong Kong]
 
−
|-
 
−
|India||IND||750||IN||IND||356||IND||39||British India [territories directly administered by the British East India Company] (1789–1858); Empire of India [colony under Britain] (1858–1947); Republic of India [independent state] (1947– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India India]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Indonesia||INS||850||ID||IDN||360||IDN||56||Dutch East Indies [under Dutch East India Company] (1789–1801); Dutch East Indies Colony (1801–1811); Dutch East Indies Colony under British occupation (1811–1816); Dutch East Indies (1816–1942); Dutch East Indies under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Dutch East Indies [independent state] (1945); Dutch East Indies (1945–1949); Republic of Indonesia [independence recognized by the Netherlands] (1949); Republic of Indonesia (1949–1963); Republic of Indonesia [incorporates West New Guinea] (1963); Republic of Indonesia (1963– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia Indonesia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Japan||JPN||740||JP||JPN||392||JPN||9||Tokugawa Japan (1789–1868); Empire of Japan (1868–1945); Empire of Japan under US occupation (1945–1947); State of Japan (1947); State of Japan under US occupation (1947–1952); State of Japan (1952– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan Japan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Kazakhstan||KZK||705||KZ||KAZ||398||KAZ||121||Russian Empire (1900–1917); Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Republic of Kazakhstan [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan Kazakhstan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Korea||KOR||730||||||||KOR||42||Kingdom of Great Joseon (1789–1897); Great Korean Empire (1897–1905); Korea as a Japanese protectorate (1905–1910); Korea under Japanese occupation (1910–1945); Korea under US occupation (1945–1948); Republic of Korea (1948– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea Korea]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Kyrgyzstan||KYR||703||KG||KGZ||417||KGZ||122||Russian Empire (1900–1917); Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Kyrgyz Republic [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Laos||LAO||812||LA||LAO||418||LAO||123||Laos under French protectorate [part of French Indochina] (1900–1945); Laos under Japanese occupation (1945); Laos under French protectorate (1945–1950); Laos [self-rule from France as an associated state within the French Union] (1950–1953); Kingdom of Laos [independent state] (1953–1975); Lao People’s Democratic Republic (1975– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos Laos]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Macau||||||MO||MAC||446||||175||Macau as a Portuguese colony (1900–1999); Macau as a special administrative region of China (1999– ).||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau Macau]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Malaysia||MAL||820||MY||MYS||458||MYS||177||Federated Malay States [ruled directly by Britain] and Unfederated Malay States [under British influence] (1900–1942); Federated Malay States and Unfederated Malay States under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Malayan Union/Federation of Malaya (1945–1957); Malayan Union [independent state] (1957) Federation of Malaysia (1957–1963); Malaysia (1963– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia Malaysia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Maldives||MAD||781||MV||MDV||462||MDV||88||Maldive Islands as a British protectorate (1900–1965); Republic of Maldives [independent state] (1965– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives Maldives]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Mongolia||MON||712||MN||MNG||496||MNG||89||Bogd Khaan State [independent state] (1911); Bogd Khaan State (1911–1919); Bogd Khaan State under Chinese occupation (1919–1921); Bogd Khaan State (1921–1924); Mongolian People’s Republic [declared] (1924); Mongolian People’s Republic (1924–1946); Mongolian People’s Republic [independence recognized by China] (1946); Mongolian People’s Republic (1946–1992); Mongolia (1992– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia Mongolia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Myanmar||MYA||775||MM||MMR||104||MMR||10||Kingdom of Burma [under Konbaung Dynasty] (1789–1824); Kingdom of Burma [Lower Burma annexed by Britain] (1824); Kingdom of Burma (Upper Burma) [under Konbaung Dynasty] (1824–1885); Burma [Upper and Lower Burma united, part/province British India, i.e. British colony] (1885–1942); Burma under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Burma (1945–1948); Republic of the Union of Myanmar [independent state] (1948– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar Myanmar]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Nepal||NEP||790||NP||NPL||524||NPL||58||Kingdom of Nepal (1789–1818); Kingdom of Nepal under British protectorate [de facto] (1818–1947); Kingdom of Nepal (1947-2008); Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal Nepal]
 
−
|-
 
−
|North Korea||PRK||731||KP||PRK||408||PRK||41||North Korea under Soviet occupation (1945–1948); Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (1948– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea North Korea]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Pakistan||PAK||770||PK||PAK||586||PAK||29||British India (1900–1947); Dominion of Pakistan [independent state] (1947–1956); Islamic Republic of Pakistan [independent state] (1956– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan Pakistan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Philippines||PHI||840||PH||PHL||608||PHL||46||Philippines under US protectorate (1900–1935); Phillippines within US commonwealth (1935–1942); Philippines under Japanese occupation (1942–1944); Phillippines within US commonwealth (1944–1946); Republic of the Philippines [independent state] (1946– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines Philippines]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Republic of Vietnam||RVN||817||VD||VDR||868||VDR||35||Dai Viet Quoc (1802–1804); Viet Nam Quoc (1804–1839); Dai Nam Quoc (1839–1862); Dai Nam Quoc [Cochinchina ceded to France] (1862); Dai Nam Quoc (1862–1874); Dai Nam Quoc and French Protectorate of Tonkin (1874–1882); French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin (1882–1887); part of French Indochina [including Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina (but not Cambodia, Laos, or Kouang-Tcheou-Wan)] (1887–1945); French Indochina under Japanese occupation (1945); French Indochina (1945–1949); State of Vietnam (1949–1955); Republic of Vietnam (also known as South Vietnam) (1955–1975)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Vietnam Republic of Vietnam]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Singapore||SIN||830||SG||SGP||702||SGP||200||Straits Settlements (1867–1942); British Crown Colony of Singapore under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); British Crown Colony of Singapore (1945–1959); British Crown Colony of Singapore [self-governing member of British Commonwealth] (1959–1963); part of Federation of Malaysia (1963–1965); Republic of Singapore [independent state] (1965– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore Singapore]
 
−
|-
 
−
|South Korea||ROK||732||KR||KOR||410||KOR||42|| Kingdom of Great Joseon (1789–1897); Great Korean Empire (1897–1905); Korea as a Japanese protectorate (1905–1910); Korea under Japanese occupation (1910–1945); Korea under US occupation (1945–1948); Republic of Korea (1948– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea South Korea]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Sri Lanka||SRI||780||LK||LKA||144||LKA||131||British Colony of Ceylon (1900–1948); Dominion of Ceylon [independent state] (1948–1972); Republic of Sri Lanka (1972–1978); Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (1978– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka Sri Lanka]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Taiwan||TAW||713||TW||TWN||158||TWN||48||Taiwan under Japanese occupation (1900–1945); Republic of China [headquartered in the mainland] (1945–1949); Republic of China [headquartered in Taiwan] (1949– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan Taiwan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Tajikistan||TAJ||702||TJ||TJK||762||TJK||133||Russian Empire (1900–1917); Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Republic of Tajikistan [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan Tajikistan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Thailand||THI||800||TH||THA||764||THA||49||Kingdom of Krung Thep (1789–1856); Kingdom of Siam (1856–1907); Kingdom of Siam [cedes Battambang, Siem Reap, and Srisophon to French Indochina (Cambodia) and west-bank Champasak and Xainyaburi to France (Laos)] (1907); Kingdom of Siam (1907–1909); Kingdom of Siam [cedes Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu to Britain] (1909); Kingdom of Siam (1909–1939); Kingdom of Thailand (1939–1945); Siam (1945–1949); Kingdom of Thailand (1949– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand Thailand]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Turkmenistan||TKM||701||TM||TKM||795||TKM||136||Russian Empire (1900–1917); Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Turkmenistan [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan Turkmenistan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Uzbekistan||UZB||704||UZ||UZB||860||UZB||140||Emirate of Bukhara (1789–1873); Emirate of Bukhara as a Russian protectorate (1873–1920); Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic [Soviet state] (1920–1924); divided between Uzbek S.S.R and Turkmen S.S.R, within the Soviet Union (1924–1990); State sovereignty (1990–1991); Republic of Uzbekistan [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan Uzbekistan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Vietnam||DRV||816||VN||VNM||704||VNM||34||Democratic Republic of Vietnam (i.e. North Vietnam) [declared] (1945); Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1949); Democratic Republic of Vietnam [independent state] (1949– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam Vietnam]
 
−
|}
 
  
−
== Europe ==
+
The rationale is as follows: The country code 345 applies to Serbia before it becomes the core of Yugoslavia, which retains 345. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbia assumes the country code 345, which it has before it becomes the core of Yugoslavia. This is consistent with what COW has for Russia (365). Russia is the core of the Soviet Union. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, COW has the same country code for Russia that exists for Russia before it becomes the core of the Soviet Union. The name change is already scheduled for COW's next release.
  
−
{|class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
+
== Relation to other schemes ==
−
!State Name!!COW State Abbreviation!!COW Numeric Code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code!!ISO 3166 Numeric code!!V-Dem Country Text ID!!V-Dem Country ID!!V-Dem Historical Names!!Wikipedia
 
−
|-
 
−
|Albania||ALB||339||AL||ALB||8||ALB||12||Ottoman Empire (1900–1912); Proclaimed independent state (1912–1914); Principality of Albania [independent state] (1914), Principality of Albania under Austro-Hungarian occupation (1914–1916); Principality of Albania under Austro-Hungarian and French occupation (1916–1918); Principality of Albania under French occupation (1918–1920); Principality of Albania (1920–1925); Albanian Republic (1925–1928); Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939); Albanian Kingdom under Italian occupation (1939–1943); Albanian Kingdom under German occupation (1943–1944); People’s Republic of Albania (1944–1976); People’s Socialist Republic of Albania (1976–1991); Republic of Albania (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania Albania]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Andorra||AND||232||AD||AND||20||||||||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorra Andorra]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Austria||AUS||305||AT||AUT||40||AUT||144||Austrian hereditary lands (1789–1867); Austrian ”half” of the Habsburg Empire - Cisleithania (1867–1918); Republic of German-Austria (1918–1919); Republic of Austria (1919–1938); German state of Ostmark (1938–1939); Ostmark as an integral part of Third Reich [dissolved into Reichsgaue] (1939–1945); Republic of Austria under Allied occupation (1945–1955); Republic of Austria (1955– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria Austria]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Austria-Hungary||AUH||300||||||||AUT||144||Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Baden||BAD||267||||||||BDN||349||Margraviate of Baden (1789–1803); Electorate of Baden (1803–1806); Grand Duchy of Baden (1806–1871)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden Baden]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Bavaria||BAV||245||||||||BVR||350||Electorate of Bavaria (1789–1803); Electorate of Bavaria [incorporates Palatinate] (1803); Electorate of Bavaria (1803–1806); Kingdom of Bavaria (1806–1871)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavaria Bavaria]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Belarus||BLR||370||BY||BLR||112||BLR||107||Russian Empire (1900–1918); German Empire (1918); Belarusian People’s Republic (1918– 1921); Poland [western part of the country] and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic [eastern part of the country] (1921–1939); Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1939–1941); Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Belarus [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus Belarus]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Belgium||BEL||211||BE||BEL||56||BEL||148||Austrian Netherlands (1789–1795); Austrian Netherlands annexed by France (1795–1814); Belgian Provinces under Allied administration (1814–1815); Belgian Provinces incorporated into the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830); Kingdom of Belgium (1830–1914); Kingdom of Belgium under German occupation (1914–1918); Kingdom of Belgium (1918–1940); Kingdom of Belgium under German occupation (1940–1944); Kingdom of Belgium (1944– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium Belgium]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Bosnia and Herzegovina||BOS||346||BA||BIH||70||BIH||150||Ottoman Empire (1900–1907); Austria/Austro-Hungarian Empire [ruled directly by Vienna but not part of either Austria or Hungary] (1907–1918); Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German and Croat occupation (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992); Republic of Bosnia Herzegovina on war for independence (1992–1995); Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina [independent state though not recognized by all countries] (1995– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Bulgaria||BUL||355||BG||BGR||100||BGR||152||Danube Vilayet under Russian occupation (1877–1878); Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1885); Principality of Bulgaria [incorporates Eastern Rumelia] (1885); Principality of Bulgaria (1885–1908); Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1913); Kingdom of Bulgaria [without southern Dobruja] [incorporates Western Thrace] (1913–1916); Kingdom of Bulgaria [incorporates southern Dobruja] (1916–1918); Kingdom of Bulgaria [incorporates northern Dobruja] (1918–1919); Kingdom of Bulgaria (1919–1946); Bulgarian People’s Republic (1946–1990); Republic of Bulgaria (1990– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria Bulgaria]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Croatia||CRO||344||HR||HRV||191||HRV||154||Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); formally independent state of Croatia [actually a Nazi puppet state, with German occupation] (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1991); Republic of Croatia (1991); Republic of Croatia on war for independence (1991–1995); Republic of Croatia [independent state] (1995– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia Croatia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Cyprus||CYP||352||CY||CYP||196||CYP||156||Ottoman Empire [not ruled directly] under British sphere of influence (1900–1918); Cyprus under British sphere of influence (1918–1925); Cyprus as a British crown colony (1925–1960); Republic of Cyprus [independent state] (1960–1974); Republic of Cyprus [northern part occupied by Turkey] (1974– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus Cyprus]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Czech Republic||CZR||316||CZ||CZE||203||CZE||157||Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Czechoslovakia (1918–1939); Czechoslovakia under German occupation (1939–1945); Czechoslovakia (1945–1948); Czechoslovakia Socialist Republic as part of Soviet bloc (1948–1989); Czechoslovakia (1989–1990); Czecho-Slovakia (1990–1992); Czech Republic (1992– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic Czech Republic]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Czechoslovakia||CZE||315||CS||CSK||200||CZE||157||Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Czechoslovakia (1918–1939); Czechoslovakia under German occupation (1939–1945); Czechoslovakia (1945–1948); Czechoslovakia Socialist Republic as part of Soviet bloc (1948–1989); Czechoslovakia (1989–1990)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Denmark||DEN||390||DK||DNK||208||DNK||158||Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (1789–1814); Norway is ceded to Sweden (1814); Kingdom of Denmark (1815–1920); Kingdom of Denmark incorporates northern Schleswig (1920); Kingdom of Denmark (1920– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark Denmark]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Estonia||EST||366||EE||EST||233||EST||161||Russian Empire (1900–1918); Estonian War of Independence [changing territorial control] (1918–1920); Russian Empire (1900–1918); Republic of Estonia [independent state] (1920–1940); Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941); Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Estonia [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia Estonia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Finland||FIN||375||FI||FIN||246||FIN||163||Part of the Kingdom of Sweden (1789–1809); Grand Duchy of Finland [autonomous] [personal union with Russia] (1809–1917); Finnish State (1917–1918); Kingdom of Finland (1918–1919); Republic of Finland (1919– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland Finland]
 
−
|-
 
−
|France||FRN||220||FR||FRA||250||FRA||76||Kingdom of France (1789–1792); French First Republic (1792–1804); French Empire (1804– 1814; 1815); Kingdom of France (1815–1848); French Second Republic (1848–1852); French Empire (1852–1870); French Third Republic (1870–1940); French State [”Vichy regime”] (1940–1944); French Third Republic (1944–1947); French Fourth Republic (1947–1958); French Fifth Republic (1958– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France France]
 
−
|-
 
−
|German Democratic Republic||GDR||265||DD||DDR||278||DDR||137||German empire (1900–1918); Weimar Republic (1918–1933); Third Reich (1933–1945); Third Reich under Russian occupation (1945–1949); German Democratic Republic (1949–1990); German Democratic Republic reunited with Federal Republic of Germany (1990)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany German Democratic Republic]
 
−
|-
 
−
|German Federal Republic||GFR||260||DE||DEU||276||DEU||77||Kingdom of Prussia (1789–1812); Kingdom of Prussia under French occupation (1812–1813); Kingdom of Prussia (1813–1867); North German Confederation (1867–1871); German Empire (1871–1918); Weimar Republic (1918–1933); Third Reich (1933–1945); Third Reich under Allied occupation (1945–1949); Federal Republic of Germany (1949– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany German Federal Republic]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Germany||GMY||255||||||||DEU||77||Kingdom of Prussia (1789–1812); Kingdom of Prussia under French occupation (1812–1813); Kingdom of Prussia (1813–1867); North German Confederation (1867–1871); German Empire (1871–1918); Weimar Republic (1918–1933); Third Reich (1933–1945); Third Reich under Allied occupation (1945–1949); Federal Republic of Germany (1949– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany Germany]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Greece||GRC||350||GR||GRC||300||GRC||164||Greece (1822–1827); Hellenic State (1827–1833); Kingdom of Greece (1833–1864); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Ionian Islands] (1864); Kingdom of Greece (1864–1881); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Thessaly] (1881); Kingdom of Greece (1881–1913); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Crete, Macedonia and Epirus] (1913); Kingdom of Greece (1913–1914); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Aegean Islands except for Rhodes and Dodecanese] (1914); Kingdom of Greece (1914–1919); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Smyrna] (1919–1922); Kingdom of Greece (1922–1924);Second Hellenic Republic (Greek Republic) (1924–1935); Kingdom of Greece (1935–1941); Greek State under Axis powers occupation (1941–1944); Kingdom of Greece [restored] (1944–1973); Third Hellenic Republic (Greek Republic) (1973– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece Greece]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Hanover||HAN||240||||||||HVR||357||Electorate of Hanover (1789–1803); Electorate of Hanover under French occupation (1803–1805); Electorate of Hanover under Prussian occupation (1805–1806); Electorate of Hanover under French occupation (1806–1810) Electorate of Hanover incorporated into Kingdom of Westphalia (1810–1813); Electorate of Hanover (1813–1814); Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866); annexed by Prussia (1866–1867); part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover Hanover]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Hesse Electoral||HSE||273||||||||HKS||358||Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (1789–1803); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (1803–1806); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel under French Occupation (1806–1807); Kingdom of Westphalia (1807–1810); departments of Elbe-Inf´erieure, Nord, Weser, and part of Aller are annexed to France (1810); Kingdom of Westphalia (1810–1813); Kingdom of Westphalia [dissolved] (1813); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (1813–1866); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel incorporated into Prussia (1866–1867); Part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electorate_of_Hesse Hesse Electoral]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Hesse Grand Ducal||HSG||275||||||||HDM||359||Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (1789–1806); Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt (1806–1867); Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt as part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse Hesse Grand Ducal]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Hungary||HUN||310||HU||HUN||348||HUN||210||Kingdom of Hungary as an Austrian crownland (1789–1867); Hungarian ”half” of the Habsburg Empire [Transleithania] (1867–1918); Hungarian Democratic Republic (1918); Hungarian Soviet Republic (1918–1919); Hungarian Soviet Republic under Romanian occupation (1919–1920); Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1944); Kingdom of Hungary under German occupation (1944–1945); Kingdom of Hungary (1945–1946); Second Hungarian People Republic under Soviet guidance (1946–1989); Republic of Hungary [independent from Russian influence] (1989-2011); Hungary (2011– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary Hungary]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Iceland||ICE||395||IS||ISL||352||ISL||168||Kingdom of Denmark (1900–1904); autonomous within Kingdom of Denmark (1904–18); Kingdom of Iceland [independent state] [personal union with Denmark] (1918–1940); Kingdom of Iceland under Allied occupation (1940–1944); Republic of Iceland (1944– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland Iceland]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ireland||IRE||205||IE||IRL||372||IRL||81||Part of the United Kingdom (1900–1919); Ireland [independence declared] (1919); Ireland as part of the United Kingdom (1919–1923); Ireland [independence recognized] (1923– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland Ireland]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Italy||ITA||325||IT||ITA||380||ITA||82||Kingdom of Italy (1861–1866); Kingdom of Italy [incorporates Venice] (1866); Kingdom of Italy (1866–1870); Kingdom of Italy [incorporates Papal States] (1870); Kingdom of Italy (1870–1918); Kingdom of Italy [incorporates Tyrol and Triste] (1918); Kingdom of Italy (1918–1946); Italian Republic (1946– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy Italy]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Kosovo||KOS||347||XK||XKX||||XKX||43||Ottoman Empire (1900–1912); province of Serbia (1912–1918); Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Italian occupation (1941–1943); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Italian and German occupation (1943–1944); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1944–1992); State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–1999); Kosovo autonomous region under UN administration (1999-2008); Republic of Kosovo [self-declared independent state under European Union supervision] (2008– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo Kosovo]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Latvia||LAT||367||LV||LVA||428||LVA||84||Russian Empire (1900–1918); Republic of Latvia [independence declared] (1918–1920); Republic of Latvia after Russian and German forces were repelled (1920); Republic of Latvia [independent state] (1920–1940); Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941); Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Latvia [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia Latvia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Liechtenstein||LIE||223||LI||LIE||438||||||||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein Liechtenstein]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Lithuania||LIT||368||LT||LTU||440||LTU||173||Russian Empire (1900–1918); Republic of Lithuania [independent state] (1918–1940); Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941); Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Lituania [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania Lithuania]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Luxembourg||LUX||212||LU||LUX||442||LUX||174||Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (1815); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City (1815–1830); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City under Belgium occupation (1830–1831); Luxembourg province annexed by Belgium (1831); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City under Belgium occupation (1831–1839); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City (1839–1842); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg joins German customs union [Zollverein] (1842); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City (1842–1867); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (1867–1890); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1890–1914); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg under German occupation (1914–1918); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1918–1919); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg leaves Zollverein (1919); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1919–1940); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg under German occupation (1940–1944); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1944– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg Luxembourg]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Macedonia||MAC||343||MK||MKD||807||MKD||176||Ottoman Empire (1900–1912); province of Serbia/Yugoslavia (1912–1992); Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia Macedonia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Malta||MLT||338||MT||MLT||470||||||British Crown Colony of Malta (1900–1964); Republic of Malta [independent state] (1964-)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta Malta]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Mecklenburg Schwerin||MEC||280||||||||MCL||360||Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1789–1815); Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815–1867); part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin Mecklenburg Schwerin]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Modena||MOD||332||||||||MDN||351||Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1789–1796); part of Cispadane Republic (1796–1797); part of the Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802); part of the Italian Republic (1802–1805); part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814); Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1814–1848); Duchy of Modena and Reggio administered by Piedmont-Sardinia (1848–1849); Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1849–1859);Duchy of Modena and Reggio [incorporates Massa and Carrara] (1859); part of the United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860); annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio Modena]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Moldova||MLD||359||MD||MDA||498||MDA||126||Russian Empire (1900–1918); Greater Romania (1918–1940); annexed by Soviet Union (1940–1941); re-incorporated into Romania (1941–1944); Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Moldova [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova Moldova]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Monaco||MNC||221||MC||MCO||492||||||||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco Monaco]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Montenegro||MNG||341||ME||MNE||499||MNE||183||Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (1789–1852); Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910); Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1913); Kingdom of Montenegro partitions Sanjak of Novi Pazar with Serbia (1913); Kingdom of Montenegro (1913–1915); Kingdom of Montenegro [Shkod¨er annexed] (1915–1916); Kingdom of Montenegro (1916); Kingdom of Montenegro under Austro-Hungarian occupation (1916–1918); Kingdom of Montenegro under Serbian occupation (1918); Kingdom of Montenegro unified with Serbia (1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Italian occupation (1941–1943); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German occupation (1943–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992-2003); State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006); Montenegro [independent state] (2006– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro Montenegro]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Netherlands||NTH||210||NL||NLD||528||NLD||91||Republic of the United Netherlands (1789–1795); Republic of the United Netherlands under French occupation (1795–1796); Batavian Republic (1796); Batavian Republic under French occupation (1796–1805); Batavian Commonwealth (1805); Batavian Commonwealth under French occupation (1805–1806); Kingdom of Holland (1806); Kingdom of Holland under French occupation (1806–1810); Kingdom of Holland annexed by France (1810–1813); Republic of the United Netherlands (1813–1815); Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1940); Kingdom of the Netherlands under German occupation (1940–1945); Kingdom of the Netherlands (1945– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands Netherlands]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Norway||NOR||385||NO||NOR||578||NOR||186||Part of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (1789–1814); Kingdom of Norway [personal union with Sweden] (1814–1905); Kingdom of Norway [independent state] (1905– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway Norway]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Papal States||PAP||327||VA||VAT||336||PPS||361||Papal States (1789–1798); the Roman Republic (1798–1800); Papal States (1800–1809); Papal States annexed by France (1809–1814); Papal States (1814–1849); the Roman Republic (1849); Papal States (1849–1860); Papal States [Romagna, Umbria, the Marches, Benevento and Pontecorvo annexed by Sardinia] (1860); Papal States (1860–1870)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_States Papal States]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Parma||PMA||335||||||||PRM||352||Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1789–1802); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza administered by France (1802–1808); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza annexed by France (1808–1814); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1814–1859); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza administered by Piedmont-Sardinia (1859–1860); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma Parma]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Poland||POL||290||PL||POL||616||POL||17||Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1789–1793); second partition of Poland (1793); Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793–1795); third Partition of Poland (1795); Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815); Congress Poland [personal union with Russia] (1815–1832); Congress Poland [incorporated into the Russian Empire] (1832–1867); autonomy retracted (1867); Second Polish Commonwealth (1918–1939); Second Polish Commonwealth partitioned by the USSR and Germany (1939–1941); Second Polish Commonwealth under German occupation (1941–1944); Republic of Poland (1944–1952); People’s Republic of Poland (1952–1990); Third Polish Commonwealth (1990– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland Poland]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Portugal||POR||235||PT||PRT||620||PRT||21||Kingdom of Portugal (1789–1807); Kingdom of Portugal under French occupation (1807–1808); Kingdom of Portugal (1808–1910); Portuguese Republic (1910– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal Portugal]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Romania||ROM||360||RO||ROU||642||ROU||190||Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty under Austrian occupation (1789–1791); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1791–1807); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1807–1812); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1812–1821); Principality of Wallachia under direct Ottoman rule (1821–1822); Principality ofWallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1822–1828); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1828–1829); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation [incorporation of the Ottoman Rayas north of the Danube] (1829); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1829–1834); Principality of Wallachia as a Russian protectorate (1834–1853); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1853– 1854); Principality of Wallachia as a Russian protectorate (1854); Principality of Wallachia under Austrian occupation (1854–1856); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1856–1859); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty [personal union with Moldavia] (1859–1861); Principality of Wallachia [personal union with Moldavia] (1861–1862); United Romanian Principalities (1862–1866); Romania (1866–1878); Romania [incorporation of northern Dobruja] [after three districts in southern Bessarabia ceded to Russia] (1878–1881); Kingdom of Romania (1881–1913); Kingdom of Romania [southern Dobruja annexed] (1913–1916); Kingdom of Romania under Central Powers occupation (1916); Kingdom of Romania (1916–1918); Kingdom of Romania [loses Dobruja to Bulgaria] [incorporates Bessarabia] (1918); Kingdom of Romania (1918–1919); Kingdom of Romania [incorporates Dobruja, Bukovina and Transylvania] (1919); Kingdom of Romania (1919–1944); Kingdom of Romania under Soviet occupation (1944–1947); People’s Republic of Romania (1947–1965); Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989); Romania (1989– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania Romania]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Russia||RUS||365||RU||RUS||643||RUS||11||Russian Empire (1789–1917); Russia (1917–1918); Russian Socialist Federative Republic (USSR) (1918–1991); Russian Federation (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia Russia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|San Marino||SNM||331||SM||SMR||674||||||||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marino San Marino]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Saxony||SAX||269||||||||SXN||353||Duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach enter a personal union (1809–1867); part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony Saxony]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Serbia||YUG||345||RS||SRB||688||SRB||198||Serbia [under First Serbian Uprising] (1804–1813); direct Ottoman rule (1813–1815); Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty (1815–1867); Principality of Serbia after evacuation of Kalemegdan fortress in Belgrade by the Ottomans (1867); Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty (1867–1878); Principality of Serbia [incorporates Nish] (1878); Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty (1878–1882); Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1915); Kingdom of Serbia under Central Powers occupation (1915–1918); Kingdom of Serbia unified with Montenegro (1918); Kingdom of Serbia unified with the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German occupation (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992-2003); State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006); Republic of Serbia (2006– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia Serbia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Slovakia||SLO||317||SK||SVK||703||SVK||201||Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918) [this refers to the Hungarian part of the Empire, which was ruled separately from the Austrian part]; Czechoslovakia (1918–1939); Slovak Republic (1939–1945); Slovak Republic under German occupation (1944–1945); Czecho-Slovakia (1945–1992); Slovak Republic [independent state] (1993– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia Slovakia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Slovenia||SLV||349||SI||SVN||705||SVN||202||Austria/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German occupation (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Republic of Slovenia [independent state] (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia Slovenia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Spain||SPN||230||ES||ESP||724||ESP||96||Kingdom of Spain (1789–1808); Kingdom of Spain under French occupation (1808–1812); Catalonia annexed by France (1812–1813); Kingdom of Spain under French occupation (1813); Kingdom of Spain (1813–1873); Spanish Republic (1873); Kingdom of Spain (1873–1931); Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939); Spanish State (1939–1975); Kingdom of Spain (1975– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain Spain]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Sweden||SWD||380||SE||SWE||752||SWE||5||Kingdom of Sweden (1789–1809); Kingdom of Sweden [Finland and Åland annexed by Russia] (1809); Kingdom of Sweden (1809– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden Sweden]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Switzerland||SWZ||225||CH||CHE||756||CHE||6||Swiss Confederation [no central government] (1789–1798); Helvetic Republic under French occupation (1798–1803); Swiss Confederation (1803); Swiss Confederation under French occupation (1803–1814); Swiss Confederation (1814– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland Switzerland]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Tuscany||TUS||337||||||||TSC||354||Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1789–1799); Etruscan Republic under French occupation(1799); Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1799–1801); Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807); Kingdom of Etruria annexed to France (1807–1814); Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1814–1847); Grand Duchy of Tuscany [incorporates Lucca] (1847); Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1847–1859); Grand Duchy of Tuscany joins Modena, Parma and Piacenza to form United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860); annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860); autonomous (1860–1861)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany Tuscany]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Two Sicilies||SIC||329||||||||TWS||356||Kingdom of Naples (1789–1816); united with Sicily to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816–1848); Kingdom of Sicily breaks away (1848–1849); Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1849–1860); Two Sicilies annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies Two Sicilies]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Ukraine||UKR||369||UA||UKR||804||UKR||100||Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires (1900–1917); divided between Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, USSR (1917–1919); Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1941); Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Ukraine (1991– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine Ukraine]
 
−
|-
 
−
|United Kingdom||UKG||200||GB||GBR||826||GBR||101||Great Britain (1789–1801); United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922); United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom United Kingdom]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Wuerttemburg||WRT||271||||||||WRG||355||Duchy of Würtemberg (1789–1803); Electorate Würtemberg (1803–1806); Kingdom of Würtemberg (1806–1871)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%Bcrttemberg Wuerttemburg]
 
−
|}
 
  
−
== Middle East and North Africa ==
+
There are many other country coding schemes out there like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1 ISO 3166-1] or the scheme applied by the "Varieties of Democracy" Project ([https://www.v-dem.net/en/ V-Dem]) - each with a different scope regarding time and entities, though. V-Dem's country codes in particular aim at a consistent time series whereas COW usually treats entities as "fixed" or "separated". For example, COW assigns three codes to Korea, North Korea and South Korea while V-Dem subsumes Korea and South Korea under one code. This makes it cumbersome though, when trying to disaggregate data if desirable. For this reason, data for WeSIS is collected for each entity separately applying COW codes.
  
−
{|class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
+
However, as COW has become a standard on its own, V-Dem includes COW codes as well making it easy to merge data. Likewise, packages like [https://github.com/vincentarelbundock/countrycode countrycode] for R or [https://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s453301.html kountry] for Stata provide valuable tools to convert from and to COW codes if needed.
−
!State Name!!COW State Abbreviation!!COW Numeric Code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code!!ISO 3166 Numeric code!!V-Dem Country Text ID!!V-Dem Country ID!!V-Dem Historical Names!!Wikipedia
 
−
|-
 
−
|Algeria||ALG||615||DZ||DZA||12||DZA||103||French colony (1900–1962) [three departments of France, but should be coded as a single unit, i.e., as single colony]; People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria [independent state] (1962– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria Algeria]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Bahrain||BAH||692||BH||BHR||48||BHR||146||British protectorate (1900–1971); Kingdom of Bahrain [independent state] (1971– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain Bahrain]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Egypt||EGY||651||EG||EGY||818||EGY||13||Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt (1789–1799); Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt under French occupation (1799–1801); Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt under British occupation (1801–1803); Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt (1803–1805); Ottoman Eyalet [nominally under Ottoman suzerainty] (1805–1866); Khedivate of Egypt (1866); Khedivate of Egypt within Ottoman Eyalet (1866–1867); Khedivate of Egypt (1867–1882); Khedivate of Egypt under British occupation (1882–1900); part of Ottoman Empire (1900); part of Ottoman Empire under British influence (1900–1914); Sultanate of Egypt (1914); Sultanate of Egypt under British protectorate (1914–1922); Egyptian Kingdom [nominally an independent state] (1922); Egyptian Kingdom under British military presence (1922–1953); Republic of Egypt (1953–1954); Republic of Egypt after British military presence ends (1954); Republic of Egypt (1954–1958); Egypt [part of the United Arab Republic] (1958–1961); Arab Republic of Egypt (1961–1967); Arab Republic of Egypt under Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula (1967–1982); Arab Republic of Egypt (1982– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt Egypt]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Iran||IRN||630||IR||IRN||364||IRN||79||Persia (1789–1935); Iran (1935–1979); Islamic Republic of Iran (1979– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran Iran]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Iraq||IRQ||645||IQ||IRQ||368||IRQ||80||Ottoman Empire (1900–1917); Ottoman Empire under British occupation (1917–1920); State of Iraq [British-led League of Nations Mandate territory] (1920–1932); the Kingdom of Iraq [independent state] (1932); the Kingdom of Iraq (1932–1941); the Kingdom of Iraq under British occupation (1941); the Kingdom of Iraq (1941–1958); Republic of Iraq (1958-2003); Republic of Iraq under US occupation (2003-2012); Republic of Iraq (2012– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq Iraq]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Israel||ISR||666||IL||ISR||376||ISR||169||British-led League of Nations mandate (1922–1948); State of Israel [independent state] (1948– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel Israel]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Jordan||JOR||663||JO||JOR||400||JOR||83||Emirate of Transjordan (1922–1946); the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan [independent state] (1946– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan Jordan]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Kuwait||KUW||690||KW||KWT||414||KWT||171||Sheikhdom of Kuwait (1789–1871); Sheikhdom of Kuwait [under nominal Ottoman suzerainty] (1871–1899); Kuwait under informal protectorate of Britain (1899–1961); State of Kuwait [independent state] (1961–1990); State of Kuwait under Iraqi occupation (1990–1991); State of Kuwait (1991-)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait Kuwait]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Lebanon||LEB||660||LB||LBN||422||LBN||44||Syrian province of the Ottoman Empire (1900–1918); Syrian province of the Ottoman Empire under French influence (1918–1920); State of Greater Lebanon (1920); State of Greater Lebanon under French influence (1920–1923); State of Greater Lebanon under French protectorate (1923–1926); Republic of Lebanon (1926); Republic of Lebanon under French protectorate (1926–1943); Republic of Lebanon [independent state] (1943); Republic of Lebanon under French influence (1943–1946); Republic of Lebanon after last French troops withdrawal (1946); Republic of Lebanon (1946–1991); Republic of Lebanon and occupied Southern Lebanon (1992– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon Lebanon]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Libya||LIB||620||LY||LBY||434||LBY||124||Sultanate of Tripoli (1789–1834); Ottoman Eyalet of Tripolitania (1835–1911); Ottoman Eyalet of Tripolitania under Italian occupation (1911); Italian protectorate of Tripolitania (1912–1918); Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922); Italian colony of Tripolitania (1922–1933); Tripolitania united with Fezzan and Cyrenaica as the Italian colony of Libya (1934–1942); Tripolitania and Cyrenaica under British occupation [administered separately] (1942–1943); Tripolitania and Cyrenaica under British occupation [administered separately] and Fezzan occupied by France (1943–1950); Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan under UN supervision [separate British and French administration, with a UN commissioner in Tripoli] (1950–1951); United Kingdom of Libya [consolidated as a unified independent state] (1951–1963); Libyan Kingdom (1963–1968); Libyan Arab Republic (1968–1973); Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1973–1986); Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1986-2011); Libya (2011-2012); State of Libya (2012– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya Libya]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Morocco||MOR||600||MA||MAR||504||MAR||90||Kingdom of Morocco (1789–1900); Kingdom of Morocco under French and Spanish sphere of influence (1900–1907); Kingdom of Morocco under French occupation (1907–1910); northern Kingdom of Morocco under Spanish occupation (1910); Kingdom of Morocco under French occupation (1910–1912); Kingdom of Morocco under French protectorate [though not integrated into France to the degree that other French colonies were] (1912–1956); Kingdom of Morocco [independent state](1956–)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco Morocco]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Oman||OMA||698||OM||OMN||512||OMN||187||Sultanate of Muscat (1789–1820); Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1820–1920); Sultanate of Muscat (1920–1955); Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1955–1970); Sultanate of Oman (1970– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman Oman]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Qatar||QAT||694||QA||QAT||634||QAT||94||Unofficial British protectorate (1900–1916); British protectorate (1916–1971); State of Qatar [independent state] (1971– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar Qatar]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Saudi Arabia||SAU||670||SA||SAU||682||SAU||197||Al-Diriyah Emirate (1789–1818); Al-Diriyah Emirate under Egyptian occupation (1818–1822); Al-Diriyah Emirate [restored] (1822–1887); Al-Diriyah Emirate under Jebel Shammar occupation (1887–1902); Emirate of Nejd (1902–1913); Emirate of Nejd [incorporates al-Hasa] (1913); Emirate of Nejd (1913–1925); Emirate of Nejd [occupies and incorporates Hejaz] (1925); Emirate of Nejd (1925–1932); Nejd and Hejaz formally united as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1932– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia Saudi Arabia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Syria||SYR||652||SY||SYR||760||SYR||97||Syrian province of the Ottoman Empire (1900–1918); Syrian province of the Ottoman Empire under British and French occupation (1918–1920); Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920); Arab Kingdom of Syria divided into separate ”Levant States” by France (1920–1922); Syrian Federation (1922–1924); Syrian Federation under French protectorate (1923–1924); State of Syria (1924); State of Syria under French protectorate (1924–1930); Syrian Republic (1930); Syrian Republic under French protectorate (1930–1943); Syrian Republic [achieves independence] (1943); Syrian Republic under French protectorate (1943–1946); Syrian Republic [independence recognized, last French troops depart] (1946); Syrian Republic (1946–1958); part of United Arab Republic (1958–1961); Syrian Arab Republic (1961– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria Syria]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Tunisia||TUN||616||TN||TUN||788||TUN||98||Beylik of Tunis [autonomous under nominal Ottoman suzerainty] (1789–1881); French protectorate of Tunisia (1881–1956); Tunisian Republic [independent state] (1956– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia Tunisia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Turkey||TUR||640||TR||TUR||792||TUR||99||Ottoman Empire (1789); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Serbia, Samos, Greece, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1789–1804); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Samos, Greece, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1804–1813); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Serbia, Samos, Greece, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1813–1815); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Greece, Samos, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1815–1821); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Greece, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia and Crete] (1821–1822); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete] (1822–1830); Ottoman Empire [includes Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete] (1830–1831); Ottoman Empire [includes Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad)] (1831–1841); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad)] (1841–1850); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North)](1850–1859); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North), Baban (Kurdistan)] (1859–1878); Ottoman Empire[includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North), Baban (Kurdistan)] (1878–1885); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Crete, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North), Baban (Kurdistan)] (1885–1897); Ottoman Empire [includes Hejaz, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq (Baghdad), Yemen (North), Baban (Kurdistan)] (1897–1918); Ottoman Empire [transition phase] (1918–1923); Republic of Turkey (1923– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey Turkey]
 
−
|-
 
−
|United Arab Emirates||UAE||696||AE||ARE||784||ARE||207||British sphere of influence (1900–1971); independent state formed from seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al-Quwain (1971– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates United Arab Emirates]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Yemen||YEM||679||YE||YEM||887||YEM||14||Yemen (1789–1850); part of the Ottoman Empire [varying degrees of control/direct rule] (1850–1918); Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962); the Yemen Arab Republic [”North Yemen”] (1962–1990); Republic of Yemen (1990– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen Yemen]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Yemen Arab Republic||YAR||678||||||||YEM||14||Yemen (1789–1850); part of the Ottoman Empire [varying degrees of control/direct rule] (1850–1918); Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1962); the Yemen Arab Republic [”North Yemen”] "||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic Yemen Arab Republic]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Yemen People's Republic||YPR||680||YD||YMD||720||YMD||23||Aden, part of British India (1900–1937); British colony of Aden (1937–1963); Federation of South Arabia (1963–1967); People’s Republic of South Yemen (1967–1970); People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen (1970–1990)||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen Yemen People's Republic]
 
−
|}
 
  
−
== Oceania ==
+
== Misc ==
  
−
{|class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
+
Contributors: Nils Düpont, Fabian Besche, Bastian Becker, and Heiner Fechner
−
!State Name!!COW State Abbreviation!!COW Numeric Code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code!!ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code!!ISO 3166 Numeric code!!V-Dem Country Text ID!!V-Dem Country ID!!V-Dem Historical Names!!Wikipedia
 
−
|-
 
−
|Australia||AUL||900||AU||AUS||36||AUS||67||British colony of New South Wales (1789–1901); Commonwealth of Australia (1901– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia Australia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Federated States of Micronesia||FSM||987||FM||FSM||583||||||German colony (1900–1914); Japanese colony (1914–1944); Federated States of Micronesia under US occupation and trusteeship (1944–1986); Federated States of Micronesia [independent state] (1986– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Fiji||FIJ||950||FJ||FJI||242||FJI||162||British colony (1900–1970); Dominion of Fiji [independent state] (1970–1987); Republic of Fiji (1987–1990); Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji (1990–1998); Republic of the Fiji Islands (1998-2011); Republic of Fiji (2011– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji Fiji]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Kiribati||KIR||946||KI||KIR||296||||||British protectorate over Gilbert and Ellice Islands [administered by Western Pacific High Commission in Fiji] (1900–1916); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1916–1919); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands joined by Christmas Island/Kiritimati (1919); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1919–1937); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands joined by Phoenix Islands (1937); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937–1941); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands under Japanese occupation (1941–1943); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1943–1971); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands with self-rule (1971–1975); Crown Colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands with self-determination over domestic affairs (1975–1979); Kiribati [independent state] (1979– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati Kiribati]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Marshall Islands||MSI||983||MH||MHL||584||||||German protectorate [part of German New Guinea] (1900–1914); German protectorate under Japanese occupation (1914–1920); Japanese colony (1920–1944); Japanese colony under US occupation (1944–1979); Marshall Islands with self-rule (1979–1986); Marshall Islands [independent state] (1986– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands Marshall Islands]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Nauru||NAU||970||NR||NRU||520||||||Nauru as German colony (1900–1914); Nauru under Australian occupation (1914–1923); Nauru under League of Nations trustee mandate [held jointly by Australia, New Zealand, and UK] (1923–1942); Nauru under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Nauru under Australian occupation (1945–1947); Nauru under UN trustee mandate [held jointly by Australia, New Zealand, and UK] (1947–1966); Republic of Nauru [self-governing] (1966–1968); Republic of Nauru [independent state] (1968– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru Nauru]
 
−
|-
 
−
|New Zealand||NEW||920||NZ||NZL||554||NZL||185||New Zealand Colony (1841–1907); Dominion of New Zealand (1907– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand New Zealand]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Palau||PAL||986||PW||PLW||585||||||Palau as a German colony (1900–1914); Palau under Japanese occupation (1914–1944); Palau under US occupation (1944–1947); Palau as a US trust territory (1947–1994); Republic of Palau with self-rule (1978–1994); Republic of Palau [independent state] (1994– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau Palau]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Papua New Guinea||PNG||910||PG||PNG||598||PNG||93||British protectorate of British New Guinea (1900–1902); British New Guinea under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia (1902–1906); Territory of Papua (1906); Territory of Papua under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia (1906–1945); Territory of Papua after union with the Territory of New Guinea (1945); Territory of Papua and New Guinea under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia (1945–1975); Independent State of Papua New Guinea (1975– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea Papua New Guinea]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Samoa||WSM||990||WS||WSM||882||||||German colony of German Samoa (1900–1914); Samoa under New Zealand mandate [territory granted by League of Nations] (1914–1962); Western Samoa [independent state] (1962–1997); Samoa (1997– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoa Samoa]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Solomon Islands||SOL||940||SB||SLB||90||SLB||203||Solomon Islands as a British colony or protectorate (1900–1942); Solomon Islands as a British colony under Japanese occupation (1942–1943); Solomon Islands as a British colony (1943–1976); Solomon Islands with self-rule within the Commonwealth (1976–1978); Solomon Islands [independent state] (1978– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands Solomon Islands]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Tonga||TON||955||TO||TON||776||||||British protectorate (1900–1901); part of the British Western Pacific Territories under a colonial High Commissioner residing in Fiji (1901–1952); Kingdom of Tonga under British protectorate (1952–1970); Kingdom of Tonga with self-rule within the Commonwealth (1970–1999); Kingdom of Tonga [independent state] (1999– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga Tonga]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Tuvalu||TUV||947||TV||TUV||798||||||Part of Ellice Islands British protectorate [British Western Pacific Territories] (1900–1916); part of Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony (1916–1974); Tuvalu after separation from Gilbert Islands [British dependency status] (1974–1978); Tuvalu with self-rule within the Commonwealth (1978-2000); Tuvalu [independent state] (2000– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu Tuvalu]
 
−
|-
 
−
|Vanuatu||VAN||935||VU||VUT||548||VUT||206||Vanuatu under joint French and British control by British-French Condominium [separate governing systems] (1906–1980); Republic of Vanuatu [independent state] (1980– )||[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanuatu Vanuatu]
 
−
|}
 
  
 +
Revisions:
 +
* CRC internal release on July 16, 2018‎
 +
* Static list extended by related entities and replaced as searchable data.table on February 20, 2019
 +
* Dummy "pop.over.500k" added on February 23, 2019
 +
* List replaced with new version containing more detailed description of types of relationship on February 21, 2020
 +
* [[Country_codes_archive|Old list archived]] on February 21, 2020
 +
* Ten entities added that had relations but were missing on March 05, 2020
 +
* Puerto Rico added on April 23, 2020
 +
* Cook Islands added on June 16, 2020
 +
* Liechtenstein updated on August 18, 2020
 +
* related_list corrected for South Korea on March 10, 2021
 +
* 35 International Organizations added as entities on May 27, 2024
 +
* Greenland, French Guyana and New Caledonia and Dependencies added on August 8, 2024
  
 
== Sources ==
 
== Sources ==
−
STIL noch APA anpassen!!!
+
 
−
<ul>
+
* Correlates of War Project. 2016. "State System Membership List, v2016." [http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/cow-country-codes/cow-country-codes/at_download/file http://www.correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/cow-country-codes/cow-country-codes/at_download/file] (Accessed July 26, 2018).
−
<li>Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, Vlad Ciobanu, and Moa Olin. 2018. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.</li>
+
* Correlates of War Project. 2016. "Colonial Contiguity Data, 1816-2016. Version 3.1" [https://correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/colonial-dependency-contiguity/colonial-dependency-contiguity-v3-1/at_download/file https://correlatesofwar.org/data-sets/colonial-dependency-contiguity/colonial-dependency-contiguity-v3-1/at_download/file] (Accessed January 10, 2020).
−
<li>Correlates of War Project. 2016. “State System Membership List, v2016.”</li>
+
* Correlates of War Project. 2019. "International Governmental Organizations Data Set Version 3.0" [https://correlatesofwar.org/wp-content/uploads/IGO-Codebook_v3_short-copy.pdf https://correlatesofwar.org/wp-content/uploads/IGO-Codebook_v3_short-copy.pdf] (Accessed May 14, 2024).
−
</ul>
+
* Pevehouse, Jon C., Timothy Nordstrom, Roseanne McManus, and Anne Spencer Jamison. 2020. "Tracking organizations in the world: The Correlates of War IGO Version 3.0 datasets." ''Journal of Peace Research'', 57(3), 492-503. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319881175 https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319881175]
 +
* Tir, Jaroslav, Philip Schafer, Paul F. Diehl, and Gary Goertz. 1998. "Territorial Changes, 1816-1996: Procedures and Data." ''Conflict Management and Peace Science'' 16: 89-97. [https://doi.org/10.1177/073889429801600105 https://doi.org/10.1177/073889429801600105]
 +
* Worldbank. 2019. "Population, total". [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/sp.pop.totl https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/sp.pop.totl] (Accessed February 22, 2019).

Latest revision as of 13:08, 8 August 2024

This page lists all "countries" and International Organizations included in WeSIS and their numeric codes. Defining a country, political unit or a state member of the international system is challenging. In order to ensure cross-comparability to other major data collections in the social sciences, we rely on the coding by the Corrrelates of War project (COW).

Identifying entities

Contemporary states existent in 2016 form the basis of this list. COW applies a minimum definition for actors to qualify as a state member of the international system since 1816 (for a detailed discussion and refinements see COW's "State System Membership List, v2016"):

  • Prior to 1920, the entity must have population greater than 500,000 and have had diplomatic missions at or above the rank of charge d’affaires with Britain and France.
  • After 1920, the entity must be a member of the United Nations or League of Nations, or have a population greater than 500,000 and receive diplomatic missions from two major powers.

In addition, territorial and/or administrative changes are tracked and related entities are included for WeSIS based on COW's "Colonial Contiguity Data", more specifically the "Entities" list (included in the PDF file).

Regarding International Organizations (IOs), COW defines the following criteria for an IO to be considered (for a detailed discussion and refinements see COW's "Codebook for International Governmental Organizations Data Set"):

  • An IGO must consist of at least three members of the COW-defined state system.
  • An IGO must hold regular plenary sessions at least once every ten years.
  • An IGO must possess a permanent secretariat and corresponding headquarters.

WeSIS does not include all IOs listed by COW, but recognizes those IOs as entities that play a role for the dynamics of social policies.

Disclaimer: The inclusion of an entity in WeSIS is based on scientific and analytical grounds. This precludes any judgments about which territories qualify as countries. For this reason, recognizing entities in WeSIS should not be interpreted as judgments about sovereign claims to disputed territories.

Relation types

The following types of relationship are coded from COW's "Entity" list:

  1. (Became) part of
  2. (Became) possession of
  3. (Became) colony of
  4. Occupied by
  5. (Became) protectorate
  6. Mandated to
  7. Leased to
  8. (Became) neutral or demilitarized

Reading the table

The entity list below uses index notation to describe the relation, the time frame and type within a row.

Using Cuba as an example, it can be read as follows:

cow_code country_name independence related_list relation_year relation_type
40 Cuba [(1902, 1906), (1909, 9999)] [230, 2, 2] [(1816, 1898), (1898, 1902), (1906, 1909)] [3, 4, 4]
  • Contemporary Cuba has the numeric COW code 40
  • It was independent from 1902 to 1906 and 1909 until today (9999)
  • Throughout time, it had three relations:
    • [1] From 1816 to 1898, it was a "colony of" (relation_type: 3) Spain (COW code in related_list: 230)
    • [2] From 1898 to 1902, it was "occupied by" (relation_type: 4) United States of America (COW code in related_list: 2)
    • [3] From 1906 to 1909, it was "occupied by" (relation_type: 4) United States of America (COW code in related_list: 2)

WeSIS recognizes data for the entire period. Make sure that data for years outside independence is actually attributable to the focal entity, though.

The table contains two exceptional notations:

  • [(0, 0)] means the entity existed - so data may be attributable - but never was independent.
  • [(9999)] means "until today".

Entity codes

The table lists all entities that WeSIS recognizes with their numerical COW code. It gives information about the years when an entity was or is independent. In addition, it records related entities, the type of relation and corresponding time frames. The column "pop_over_500k" is a dummy indicating whether the contemporary entity has a population over 500.000 (=1), or not (=0) in 2016 (Source: Worldbank 2019) and was used for setting priorities in terms of data collection. The columns "alt_names" and "remark" give name changes and note any deviance from COW. Finally, the table includes links to Wikipedia for more information about an entity and its history. This way, the list eases finding the proper numeric COW code when coding data for a certain entity and point in time.

To avoid ambiguity of COW's country and IO codes, we kept the original COW IGO code but added a leading "9" to arrive at a five-digit code above the numerical range of "countries". The International Labour Organization's COW code "2830", for example, thus becomes "92830". This way, IO codes can still be back traced.

Please use the search bar to the right to filter the table when looking for specific entity codes, "country names" or related entities. See above for an example of "reading" a row.

cow_code entity_name independence related_list relation_year relation_type pop_over_500k alt_names remark wiki
0 League of Nations [(0, 0)] 0 League of Nations
1 United Nations [(0, 0)] 0 United Nations
2 United States of America [(1816, 9999)] 1 United States of America
6 Puerto Rico [(0, 0)] [1070, 230, 2] [(1816, 1821), (1821, 1898), (1898, 9999)] [1, 3, 3] 1 Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the US with little to no autonomy over social policies, hence no independence coded Puerto Rico
10 Greenland [(0, 0)] [390, 2] [(1816, 1953), (1941, 1945)] [3, 4] 0 Greenland
20 Canada [(1841, 9999)] [200] [(1841, 1931)] [3] 1 Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1931 (Statute of Westminster) Canada
21 Newfoundland [(1855, 1934)] [200, 200, 20] [(1825, 1855), (1934, 1949), (1949, 9999)] [3, 3, 1] 0 Newfoundland
31 Bahamas [(1973, 9999)] [200] [(1816, 1973)] [3] 0 Bahamas
40 Cuba [(1902, 1906), (1909, 9999)] [230, 2, 2] [(1816, 1898), (1898, 1902), (1906, 1909)] [3, 4, 4] 1 Cuba
41 Haiti [(1859, 1915), (1934, 9999)] [2] [(1915, 1934)] [4] 1 Haiti
42 Dominican Republic [(1844, 1861), (1865, 1916), (1924, 1965), (1966,9999)] [230, 41, 230, 2, 2] [(1816, 1821), (1822,1844), (1861, 1865), (1916, 1924), (1965, 1966)] [3, 4, 3, 4, 4] 1 Dominican Republic
50 West Indies Federation [(0, 0)] [200] [(1958, 1962)] [3] 0 West Indies Federation
51 Jamaica [(1962, 9999)] [200, 50] [(1816, 1958), (1958, 1962)] [3, 1] 1 Jamaica
52 Trinidad and Tobago [(1962, 9999)] [200, 50] [(1816, 1958), (1958, 1962)] [3, 1] 1 Trinidad and Tobago
53 Barbados [(1966, 9999)] [200, 50, 200] [(1816, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1966)] [3, 1, 3] 0 Barbados
54 Dominica [(1967, 9999)] [200, 1063, 1055, 50, 200] [(1816, 1871), (1871, 1940), (1940, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1978)] [3, 1, 1, 1, 3] 0 Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1978 Dominica
55 Grenada [(1967, 9999)] [200, 1055, 50, 200, 2] [(1816, 1833), (1833, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1974), (1983, 1985)] [3, 1, 1, 3, 4] 0 Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1974 Grenada
56 St. Lucia [(1967, 9999)] [200, 1055, 50, 200] [(1816, 1838), (1838, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1979)] [3, 1, 1, 3] 0 Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1979 St. Lucia
57 St. Vincent and the Grenadines [(1967, 9999)] [200, 1055, 50, 200] [(1816, 1833), (1833, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1979)] [3, 1, 1, 3] 0 Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1979 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
58 Antigua & Barbuda [(1967, 9999)] [200, 1063, 200, 50, 200] [(1816, 1871), (1871, 1956), (1956, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1981)] [3, 1, 3, 1, 3] 0 Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1981 Antigua & Barbuda
60 St. Kitts and Nevis [(1967, 9999)] [1063, 200, 50, 200] [(1882, 1956), (1956, 1958), (1958, 1962), (1962, 1983)] [1, 3, 1, 3] 0 Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1983 St. Kitts and Nevis
70 Mexico [(1821, 9999)] [2, 220] [(1847, 1848), (1863, 1867)] [4, 4] 1 Mexico
80 Belize [(1964, 9999)] [200, 51, 200] [(1816, 1862), (1862, 1884), (1884, 1981)] [3, 1, 3] 0 British Honduras Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1981 Belize
89 United States of Central America [(1821, 1839)] [1070] [(1816, 1821)] [1] 0 United States of Central America
90 Guatemala [(1868, 9999)] [1070, 70, 89] [(1816, 1821), (1821, 1823), (1823, 1839)] [1, 1, 1] 1 Guatemala
91 Honduras [(1899, 9999)] [1070, 70, 89] [(1816, 1821), (1821, 1823), (1823, 1839)] [1, 1, 1] 1 Honduras
92 El Salvador [(1875, 9999)] [1070, 70, 89] [(1816, 1821), (1821, 1823), (1823, 1839)] [1, 1, 1] 1 El Salvador
93 Nicaragua [(1900, 9999)] [1070, 70, 89, 2, 2] [(1816, 1821), (1821, 1823), (1823, 1839), (1912, 1925), (1927, 1933)] [1, 1, 1, 4, 4] 1 Nicaragua
94 Costa Rica [(1920, 9999)] [1070, 70, 89] [(1816, 1821), (1821, 1823), (1823, 1839)] [1, 1, 1] 1 Costa Rica
95 Panama [(1903, 9999)] [230, 100, 100] [(1816, 1819), (1819, 1840), (1841, 1903)] [3, 1, 1] 1 Panama
100 Colombia [(1831, 9999)] [230] [(1816, 1819)] [3] 1 Colombia
101 Venezuela [(1841, 9999)] [230, 100] [(1816, 1819), (1819, 1830)] [3, 1] 1 Venezuela
110 Guyana [(1966, 9999)] [1113, 1114, 200] [(1816, 1831), (1816, 1831), (1831, 1966)] [1, 1, 3] 1 Guyana
115 Suriname [(1954, 9999)] [210] [(1816, 1954)] [3] 1 Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1975 Suriname
120 French Guiana [(0, 0)] [235, 220] [(1816, 1817), (1817,1993)] [4, 3] 0 French Guiana
130 Ecuador [(1854, 9999)] [230, 100] [(1816, 1819), (1819, 1830)] [3, 1] 1 Ecuador
135 Peru [(1839, 9999)] [1135, 230, 136, 155] [(1816, 1817), (1817, 1821), (1836, 1839), (1880, 1883)] [1, 3, 1, 4] 1 Peru
136 Bolivia-Peru Confederation [(1836, 1839)] 0 Bolivia-Peru Confederation
140 Brazil [(1822, 9999)] [235] [(1816, 1822)] [3] 1 Brazil
145 Bolivia [(1848, 9999)] [230, 136] [(1816, 1825), (1836, 1839)] [3, 1] 1 Bolivia
150 Paraguay [(1846, 1870), (1876, 9999)] [140] [(1870, 1876)] [4] 1 Paraguay
155 Chile [(1839, 9999)] [1135] [(1816, 1817)] [1] 1 Chile
160 Argentina [(1841, 9999)] [1160] [(1816, 1816)] [1] 1 Argentina
165 Uruguay [(1882, 9999)] [140] [(1816, 1828)] [1] 1 Uruguay
200 United Kingdom [(1816, 9999)] 1 United Kingdom
205 Ireland [(1922, 9999)] [200] [(1816, 1922)] [1] 1 Ireland
210 Netherlands [(1816, 1940), (1945, 9999)] [255] [(1940, 1945)] [4] 1 Netherlands
211 Belgium [(1830, 1940), (1945, 9999)] [210, 255, 255] [(1816, 1830), (1914, 1918), (1940, 1945)] [1, 4, 4] 1 Belgium
212 Luxembourg [(1920, 1940), (1944, 9999)] [210, 255, 255] [(1816, 1892), (1914, 1918), (1940, 1944)] [1, 4, 4] 1 Luxembourg
220 France [(1816, 1942), (1944, 9999)] [200, 255, 255, 255] [(1816, 1818), (1871, 1873), (1914, 1918), (1942, 1944)] [4, 4, 4, 4] 1 France
221 Monaco [(1993, 9999)] [325, 325, 255] [(1816, 1861), (1940, 1943), (1943, 1944)] [5, 4, 4] 0 Monaco
223 Liechtenstein [(1816, 9999)] 0 Start year deviates from CoW as the principality of Liechtenstein dates back to the early 18th century but CoW covers it only since 1990 when becoming a UN member Liechtenstein
225 Switzerland [(1816, 9999)] 1 Switzerland
230 Spain [(1816, 9999)] 1 Spain
232 Andorra [(1993, 9999)] 0 Andorra
235 Portugal [(1816, 9999)] 1 Portugal
255 Germany [(1816, 1945), (1990, 9999)] [260] [(1945, 1990)] [1] 1 Germany
256 Saar [(0, 0)] [255, 0, 255, 220, 260] [(1871, 1920), (1920, 1935), (1935, 1945), (1945, 1947), (1957, 1990)] [1, 6, 1, 4, 1] 0 Saar
260 German Federal Republic [(1955, 1990)] [2] [(1945, 1955)] [4] 1 German Federal Republic
265 German Democratic Republic [(1954, 1990)] [365] [(1945, 1954)] [4] 1 German Democratic Republic
290 Poland [(1918, 1939), (1945, 9999)] [365, 255, 365] [(1816, 1918), (1939, 1945), (1944, 1949)] [1, 4, 4] 1 Poland
300 Austria-Hungary [(1867, 1918)] 1 Austria-Hungary
305 Austria [(1919, 1938), (1955, 9999)] [300, 255, 365] [(1816, 1919), (1938, 1945), (1945, 1955)] [1, 1, 4] 1 Austria
310 Hungary [(1919, 9999)] [300] [(1816, 1919)] [1] 1 Hungary
315 Czechoslovakia [(1918, 1939), (1945, 1992)] [300, 255, 365, 365] [(1816, 1918), (1939, 1945), (1945, 1945), (1968, 1969)] [1, 4, 4, 4] 1 Czechoslovakia
316 Czech Republic [(1993, 9999)] [315] [(1945, 1992)] [1] 1 Czech Republic
317 Slovakia [(1993, 9999)] [315] [(1945, 1992)] [1] 1 Slovakia
325 Italy [(1816, 9999)] [2, 255] [(1943, 1946), (1943, 1945)] [4, 4] 1 Italy
326 Trieste [(0, 0)] [325, 2, 1, 325] [(1919, 1943), (1943, 1947), (1947, 1954), (1954, 9999)] [1, 4, 6, 1] 0 Trieste
331 San Marino [(1992, 9999)] 0 San Marino
338 Malta [(1964, 9999)] [200] [(1816, 1964)] [3] 0 Malta
339 Albania [(1914, 1939), (1944, 9999)] [640, 300, 325, 255] [(1816, 1912), (1914, 1920), (1939, 1943), (1939, 1944)] [1, 4, 4, 4] 1 Albania
341 Montenegro [(2006, 9999)] [300, 345] [(1915, 1918), (1918, 2006)] [4, 1] 1 Montenegro
343 Macedonia [(1993, 9999)] [345] [(1918, 1992)] [1] 1 Macedonia
344 Croatia [(1992, 9999)] [345, 325, 345] [(1918, 1941), (1941, 1945), (1945, 1991)] [1, 4, 1] 1 Croatia
345 Serbia [(1878, 1941), (1944, 9999)] [640, 300, 255] [(1816, 1817), (1914, 1918), (1941, 1944)] [1, 4, 4] 1 Serbia
346 Bosnia and Herzegovina [(1992, 9999)] [345] [(1918, 1991)] [1] 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina
347 Kosovo [(2008, 9999)] [345, 325, 345, 0] [(1918, 1941), (1941, 1943), (1944, 1999), (1999, 2008)] [1, 4, 3, 6] 1 Kosovo
349 Slovenia [(1992, 9999)] [345] [(1918, 1991)] [1] 1 Slovenia
350 Greece [(1828, 1941), (1944, 9999)] [640, 325, 255] [(1816, 1828), (1941, 1943), (1941, 1944)] [1, 4, 4] 1 Greece
351 Crete [(0, 0)] [640, 200, 350] [(1816, 1913), (1898, 1913), (1913, 9999)] [1, 4, 1] 0 Crete
352 Cyprus [(1960, 9999)] [640, 200, 200] [(1816, 1878), (1878, 1914), (1914, 1960)] [1, 4, 3] 1 Cyprus
355 Bulgaria [(1908, 9999)] [640, 365, 200, 365] [(1816, 1878), (1878, 1878), (1918, 1919), (1944, 1947)] [1, 4, 4, 4] 1 Bulgaria
359 Moldova [(1991, 9999)] [365, 360, 365] [(1816, 1917), (1918, 1940), (1940, 1991)] [1, 1, 1] 1 Moldova
360 Romania [(1878, 9999)] [255, 365] [(1916, 1918), (1944, 1949)] [4, 4] 1 Romania
365 Russia [(1816, 9999)] [255, 255] [(1915, 1918), (1941, 1943)] [4, 4] 1 Russia
366 Estonia [(1918, 1940), (1991, 9999)] [365, 365, 255, 365] [(1816, 1918), (1940, 1941), (1941, 1943), (1943, 1991)] [1, 1, 4, 1] 1 Estonia
367 Latvia [(1918, 1940), (1991, 9999)] [365, 365, 255, 365] [(1816, 1918), (1940, 1941), (1941, 1943), (1943, 1991)] [1, 1, 4, 1] 1 Latvia
368 Lithuania [(1918, 1940), (1991, 9999)] [365, 365, 255, 365] [(1816, 1918), (1940, 1941), (1941, 1943), (1943, 1991)] [1, 1, 4, 1] 1 Lithuania
369 Ukraine [(1991, 9999)] [365, 365, 255, 365] [(1816, 1918), (1919, 1941), (1941, 1943), (1943, 1991)] [1, 1, 4, 1] 1 Ukraine
370 Belarus [(1991, 9999)] [365, 365, 255, 365] [(1816, 1917), (1918, 1941), (1941, 1943), (1943, 1991)] [1, 1, 4, 1] 1 Belarus
371 Armenia [(1918, 1922), (1991, 9999)] [365, 365] [(1816, 1918), (1922, 1991)] [1, 1] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; Democratic Republic of Armenia added from 1918 to 1922 Armenia
372 Georgia [(1918, 1921), (1991, 9999)] [365, 365] [(1816, 1918), (1921, 1991)] [1, 1] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; Democratic Republic of Georgia added from 1918 to 1921 Georgia
373 Azerbaijan [(1918, 1920), (1991, 9999)] [365, 365] [(1816, 1918), (1920, 1991)] [1, 1] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; Azerbaijan Democratic Republic added from 1918 to 1920 Azerbaijan
375 Finland [(1917, 9999)] [365] [(1816, 1918)] [1] 1 Finland
380 Sweden [(1816, 9999)] 1 Sweden
385 Norway [(1905, 1940), (1945, 9999)] [380, 255] [(1816, 1905), (1940, 1945)] [1, 4] 1 Norway
390 Denmark [(1816, 1940), (1945, 9999)] [255] [(1940, 1945)] [1] 1 Denmark
395 Iceland [(1918, 1940), (1944, 9999)] [390, 200, 2] [(1816, 1919), (1940, 1941), (1941, 1944)] [3, 4, 4] 0 Independence deviates from CoW; added 1918 to 1940 due to Danish–Icelandic Act of Union Iceland
402 Cape Verde [(1975, 9999)] [235] [(1816, 1975)] [3] 1 Cape Verde
403 Sao Tome and Principe [(1975, 9999)] [235] [(1816, 1975)] [3] 0 Sao Tome and Principe
404 Guinea-Bissau [(1974, 9999)] [402, 235] [(1816, 1879), (1879, 1974)] [1, 3] 1 Guinea-Bissau
411 Equatorial Guinea [(1968, 9999)] [230] [(1858, 1968)] [3] 1 Equatorial Guinea
412 Rio Muni [(0, 0)] [230, 411] [(1816, 1968), (1968, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Added dependency as Spanish colony for entire period Rio Muni
420 Gambia [(1965, 9999)] [200] [(1816, 1965)] [3] 1 At times part of Sierra Leone (451) which in turn was under British rule, hence dependency simplified Gambia
430 French West Africa [(0, 0)] [220] [(1895, 1958)] [3] 0 French West Africa
431 Mali Federation [(0, 0)] [430, 220] [(1895, 1958), (1959, 1960)] [1, 3] 0 Mali Federation
432 Mali [(1960, 9999)] [430, 431] [(1895, 1958), (1959, 1960)] [1, 1] 1 French Sudan, Sudanese Republic Mali
433 Senegal [(1960, 9999)] [220, 430, 431] [(1817, 1959), (1895, 1958), (1959, 1960)] [3, 1, 1] 1 Senegal
434 Benin [(1960, 9999)] [220, 430] [(1872, 1960), (1895, 1958)] [3, 1] 1 Dahomey Benin
435 Mauritania [(1960, 9999)] [220, 220, 430] [(1903, 1921), (1921, 1960), (1904, 1958)] [5, 3, 1] 1 Mauritania
436 Niger [(1960, 9999)] [220, 430] [(1904, 1960), (1904, 1958)] [3, 1] 1 Niger
437 Ivory Coast [(1960, 9999)] [220, 220, 430] [(1889, 1893), (1893, 1960), (1895, 1958)] [5, 3, 1] 1 Ivory Coast
438 Guinea [(1958, 9999)] [220, 220, 430] [(1843, 1893), (1893, 1958), (1895, 1958)] [5, 3, 1] 1 Guinea
439 Burkina Faso [(1960, 9999)] [430, 220] [(1895, 1958), (1895, 1960)] [1, 3] 1 At times part of Mali (432) which in turn was under French rule, hence dependency simplified Burkina Faso
450 Liberia [(1862, 9999)] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; set start date to 1862 when the US recognized independence Liberia
451 Sierra Leone [(1961, 9999)] [200, 200] [(1816, 1961), (1896, 1961)] [3, 5] 1 Sierra Leone
452 Ghana [(1957, 9999)] [200] [(1816, 1957)] [3] 1 At times part of Sierra Leone (451) which in turn was under British rule, hence dependency simplified Ghana
460 German Togoland [(0, 0)] [255, 200] [(1884, 1916), (1916, 1922)] [3, 4] 0 German Togoland
461 Togo [(1960, 9999)] [220] [(1922, 1960)] [6] 1 Togo
462 British Togoland [(0, 0)] [200, 452] [(1922, 1956), (1956, 9999)] [6, 1] 0 British Togoland
470 Kamerun [(0, 0)] [255, 200] [(1884, 1916), (1916, 1919)] [3, 4] 0 Kamerun
471 Cameroon [(1960, 9999)] [220, 220] [(1919, 1922), (1922 ,1960)] [4, 6] 1 Cameroon
472 British Cameroons [(0, 0)] [220, 220] [(1919, 1922), (1922, 1961)] [4, 6] 0 British Cameroons
475 Nigeria [(1960, 9999)] [200, 200] [(1899, 1914), (1914, 1960)] [5, 3] 1 Nigeria
480 French Equatorial Africa [(0, 0)] [220] [(1910, 1958)] [3] 0 French Equatorial Africa
481 Gabon [(1958, 9999)] [220, 220, 480] [(1839, 1903), (1903, 1958), (1910, 1958)] [5, 3, 1] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1958 due to interim Union of Central African Republics prior to formal independence Gabon
482 Central African Republic [(1958, 9999)] [220, 480] [(1906, 1958), (1910, 1958)] [3, 1] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1958 due to interim Union of Central African Republics prior to formal independence Central African Republic
483 Chad [(1958, 9999)] [220, 480] [(1920, 1958), (1910, 1958)] [3, 1] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1958 due to interim Union of Central African Republics prior to formal independence Chad
484 Congo [(1958, 9999)] [220, 480] [(1882, 1958), (1910, 1958)] [3, 1] 1 Congo-Brazzaville Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1958 due to interim Union of Central African Republics prior to formal independence Congo
490 Democratic Republic of the Congo [(1960, 9999)] [211] [(1885, 1960)] [3] 1 Zaire Democratic Republic of the Congo
500 Uganda [(1962, 9999)] [200] [(1894, 1962)] [5] 1 Uganda
501 Kenya [(1963, 9999)] [200, 200] [(1895, 1920), (1920, 1963)] [5, 3] 1 Kenya
510 Tanzania [(1961, 9999)] [255, 200, 200] [(1891, 1916), (1916, 1922), (1922, 1961)] [3, 4, 6] 1 German East Africa Tanzania
511 Zanzibar [(1963, 1964)] [698, 255, 200] [(1816, 1885), (1885, 1890), (1890, 1963)] [2, 5, 5] 0 Zanzibar
515 Rwanda-Urundi [(0, 0)] [510, 211] [(1891, 1922), (1922, 1962)] [1, 6] 0 Rwanda-Urundi
516 Burundi [(1962, 9999)] [515] [(1891, 1962)] [1] 1 Burundi
517 Rwanda [(1962, 9999)] [515] [(1891, 1962)] [1] 1 Rwanda
520 Somalia [(1960, 9999)] 1 Somalia
521 British Somaliland (Somaliland Republic) [(0, 0)] [200, 325, 200] [(1884, 1940), (1940, 1941), (1941, 1960)] [5, 4, 3] 0 British Somaliland (Somaliland Republic)
522 Djibouti [(1977, 9999)] [220] [(1884, 1977)] [3] 1 French Somaliland Djibouti
530 Ethiopia [(1816, 1936), (1941, 9999)] [325] [(1936, 1941)] [4] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1816 Ethiopia
531 Eritrea [(1993, 9999)] [325, 5201, 200, 1, 530] [(1882, 1936), (1936, 1941), (1941, 1945), (1945, 1952), (1952, 1993)] [3, 1, 4, 5, 1] 0 Eritrea
540 Angola [(1975, 9999)] [235] [(1816, 1975)] [3] 1 Angola
541 Mozambique [(1975, 9999)] [235] [(1816, 1975)] [3] 1 Mozambique
550 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland [(0, 0)] [200] [(1953, 1964)] [3] 0 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
551 Zambia [(1964, 9999)] [200, 550] [(1889, 1964), (1953, 1964)] [5, 1] 1 Northern Rhodesia At times part of Northern Rhodesia (5518) which in turn was under British rule, hence dependency simplified Zambia
552 Zimbabwe [(1965, 9999)] [200, 550] [(1889, 1964), (1953, 1964)] [5, 1] 1 Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia At times part of Southern Rhodesia which in turn was under British rule, hence dependency simplified Zimbabwe
553 Malawi [(1964, 9999)] [200, 550] [(1891, 1964), (1953, 1964)] [5, 1] 1 Nyasaland Malawi
560 South Africa [(1910, 9999)] 1 Start year deviates from CoW as the entity gained self-government/sovereignty over domestic policies; year of independence: 1931 (Statute of Westminster) South Africa
561 Cape Colony [(0, 0)] [200, 560] [(1816, 1910), (1910, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Cape Colony
562 Natal [(0, 0)] [200, 560] [(1843, 1910), (1910, 1994)] [3, 1] 0 Natal
563 Transvaal [(1852, 1902)] [200, 560] [(1902, 1910), (1910, 1994)] [3, 1] 0 Transvaal
564 Orange Free State (Orange River Colony) [(1854, 1902)] [200, 560] [(1902, 1910), (1910, 1994)] [3, 1] 0 Orange Free State (Orange River Colony)
565 Namibia [(1990, 9999)] [255, 560, 560, 560] [(1885, 1915), (1915, 1922), (1922, 1966), (1966, 1990)] [3, 4, 5, 3] 1 South West Africa, German South West Africa Namibia
570 Lesotho [(1966, 9999)] [200] [(1868, 1966)] [3] 1 Basutoland At times part of Cape Colony (561) which in turn was under British rule, hence dependency simplified Lesotho
571 Botswana [(1966, 9999)] [200] [(1885, 1966)] [5] 1 Bechuanaland Protectorate Botswana
572 Swaziland [(1968, 9999)] [563, 200] [(1894, 1902), (1902, 1968)] [3, 3] 1 Eswatini Swaziland
580 Madagascar [(1960, 9999)] [220, 220] [(1882, 1896), (1896, 1960)] [5, 3] 1 Malagasy Republic Madagascar
581 Comoros [(1975, 9999)] [220, 580, 220] [(1886, 1914), (1914, 1947), (1947, 1975)] [5, 1, 3] 1 Comoros
590 Mauritius [(1968, 9999)] [200] [(1816, 1968)] [3] 1 Mauritius
591 Seychelles [(1976, 9999)] [590, 200] [(1816, 1903), (1903, 1976)] [1, 3] 0 Seychelles
600 Morocco [(1847, 1912), (1956, 9999)] [220] [(1912, 1956)] [5] 1 Morocco
601 Tangier [(0, 0)] [0, 230, 1] [(1923, 1940), (1940, 1945), (1945, 1956)] [6, 4, 6] 0 Tangier
602 Spanish Morocco [(0, 0)] [230] [(1912, 1956)] [5] 0 Spanish Morocco
609 Spanish Sahara [(0, 0)] [230] [(1884, 1975) [3] 0 Spanish Sahara
615 Algeria [(1962, 9999)] [220] [(1831, 1962)] [3] 1 Algeria
616 Tunisia [(1825, 1881), (1956, 9999)] [220] [(1881, 1956)] [5] 1 Tunisia
620 Libya [(1951, 9999)] [640, 325, 200, 200] [(1835, 1912), (1912, 1942), (1942, 1946), (1946, 1951)] [1, 3, 4, 6] 1 Libya
625 Sudan [(1956, 9999)] [6254, 200] [(1882, 1898), (1898, 1956)] [1, 3] 1 Sudan
626 South Sudan [(2011, 9999)] 1 South Sudan
630 Iran [(1855, 9999)] [200, 365, 200] [(1911, 1919), (1911, 1917), (1941, 1945)] [4, 4, 4] 1 Iran
640 Turkey [(1816, 9999)] 1 Turkey
645 Iraq [(1932, 9999)] [640, 200, 200] [(1816, 1917), (1917, 1920), (1920, 1932)] [1, 4, 6] 1 Iraq
651 Egypt [(1855, 1882), (1922, 9999)] [200, 200] [(1882, 1914), (1914, 1922)] [3, 5] 1 United Arab Republic Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1922 due to nominal independence Egypt
652 Syria [(1946, 1958), (1961, 9999)] [640, 220, 220, 651] [(1840, 1918), (1918, 1923), (1923, 1946), (1958, 1961)] [1, 4, 6, 1] 1 Syria
660 Lebanon [(1946, 9999)] [640, 220, 220, 652] [(1816, 1918), (1918, 1923), (1923, 1946), (1976, 1990)] [1, 4, 6, 4] 1 Lebanon
663 Jordan [(1946, 9999)] [640, 200, 200] [(1816, 1918), (1918, 1923), (1923, 1946)] [1, 4, 6] 1 Jordan
665 Palestine [(1994, 9999)] [640,  200, 200, 651, 663, 666] [(1816, 1918), (1918, 1923), (1923, 1948), (1948, 1967), (1948, 1967),  (1967, 1994)] [1, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4] 1 Palestine
666 Israel [(1948, 9999)] [640, 200, 200] [(1816, 1918), (1918, 1923), (1923, 1948)] [1, 4, 6] 1 Israel
670 Saudi Arabia [(1816, 9999)] [651, 674] [(1818, 1823), (1891, 1902)] [4, 4] 1 Saudi Arabia
673 Al Hasa [(0, 0)] [640, 670] [(1871, 1913), (1913, 9999)] [4, 1] 1 Al Hasa
674 Jabal Shammar [(1836, 1921)] [670] [(1921, 9999)] [1] 0 Jabal Shammar
678 Yemen Arab Republic [(1918, 1990)] [640] [(1871, 1918)] [1] 0 Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1918 due to declaration of Mutawakkilite Kingdom Yemen Arab Republic
679 Yemen [(1990, 9999)] 1 Yemen
680 Yemen People's Republic [(1967, 1990)] [681] [(1874, 1967)] [1] 0 Yemen People's Republic
681 Aden [(0, 0)] [750, 200, 6801] [(1838, 1937), (1937, 1963), (1963, 1967)] [1, 3, 1] 0 Aden
690 Kuwait [(1961, 9999)] [200, 645] [(1899, 1961), (1999, 1991)] [5, 4] 1 Dependency deviates from CoW; added British protectorate from 1899 to 1961 Kuwait
692 Bahrain [(1971, 9999)] [200] [(1820, 1971)] [5] 1 Dependency deviates from CoW; added (informal) British protectorate from 1820 to 1971 Bahrain
694 Qatar [(1971, 9999)] [640, 200] [(1863, 1916), (1916, 1971)] [1, 5] 1 Qatar
696 United Arab Emirates [(1971, 9999)] [200] [(1820, 1971)] [5] 1 Trucial Oman Dependency deviates from CoW; added (informal) British protectorate from 1820 to 1971 United Arab Emirates
698 Oman [(1971, 9999)] [200] [(1820, 1971)] [5] 1 Dependency deviates from CoW; added de facto British protectorate from 1820 to 1971 Oman
700 Afghanistan [(1919, 9999)] [200, 365] [(1879, 1919), (1979, 1989)] [4, 4] 1 Dependency deviates from CoW; added occupation and British sphere of influence from 1879 to 1919 Afghanistan
701 Turkmenistan [(1991, 9999)] [365] [(1881, 1991)] [1] 1 Turkmenistan
702 Tajikistan [(1991, 9999)] [365] [(1895, 1991)] [1] 1 Tajikistan
703 Kyrgyzstan [(1991, 9999)] [365] [(1873, 1991)] [1] 1 Kyrgyzstan
704 Uzbekistan [(1991, 9999)] [365] [(1873, 1991)] [1] 1 Uzbekistan
705 Kazakhstan [(1991, 9999)] [365] [(1848, 1991)] [1] 1 Kazakhstan
710 China [(1860, 9999)] [740] [(1937, 1945)] [4] 1 China
711 Manchukuo [(0, 0)] [740, 710] [(1932, 1945), (1945, 9999)] [4, 1] 0 Manchukuo
712 Mongolia [(1911, 9999)] [710, 365] [(1816, 1911), (1921, 1924)] [1, 4] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1911 due to declaration of independence at end of Qing dynasty Mongolia
713 Taiwan [(1949, 9999)] [710, 740, 710] [(1816, 1895), (1895, 1945), (1945, 1949)] [1, 3, 1] 1 Republic of China Taiwan
720 Hong Kong [(0, 0)] [710, 200, 200, 740, 200, 710] [(1816, 1839), (1839, 1841), (1841, 1942), (1942, 1945), (1945, 1996), (1997, 9999)] [1, 4, 3, 4, 3, 1] 1 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Hong Kong
721 Macao [(0, 0)] [235, 710] [(1816, 1999), (1999, 9999)] [3, 1] 1 Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Macao
730 Korea [(1887, 1905)] [740, 740, 740] [(1905, 1907), (1907, 1910), (1910, 1945)] [4, 5, 3] 1 Korea
731 North Korea [(1948, 9999)] [730, 365] [(1816, 1945), (1945, 1948)] [1, 4] 1 Democratic People's Republic of Korea North Korea
732 South Korea [(1949, 9999)] [730, 2] [(1816, 1945), (1945, 1948)] [1, 4] 1 Republic of Korea South Korea
740 Japan [(1860, 1945), (1952, 9999)] [2] [(1945, 1952)] [4] 1 Japan
750 India [(1947, 9999)] [200] [(1816, 1947)] [3] 1 India
751 French India [(0, 0)] [220, 750] [(1816, 1954), (1954, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 French India
752 Portuguese India [(0, 0)] [235, 750, 750] [(1816, 1961), (1961, 1962), (1962, 9999)] [3, 4, 1] 0 Goa, Diu, Daman Portuguese India
760 Bhutan [(1971, 9999)] [200, 750] [(1865, 1949), (1949, 1971)] [5, 5] 1 Bhutan
761 Sikkim [(0, 0)] [200, 750, 750] [(1861, 1949), (1949, 1975), (1975, 9999)] [5, 5, 1] 0 Sikkim
770 Pakistan [(1947, 9999)] [750] [(1849, 1947)] [1] 1 Islamic Republic of Pakistan Pakistan
771 Bangladesh [(1971, 9999)] [750, 770] [(1849, 1947), (1947, 1971)] [1, 1] 1 Bangladesh
775 Myanmar [(1948, 9999)] [200, 740] [(1824, 1948), (1942, 1945)] [3, 4] 1 Burma At times colony, at times part of India (750) which in turn was under British rule, hence dependency simplified Myanmar
780 Sri Lanka [(1948, 9999)] [200] [(1833, 1948)] [3] 1 Ceylon Sri Lanka
781 Maldives [(1965, 9999)] [200] [(1887, 1965)] [5] 0 Maldives
790 Nepal [(1816, 9999)] [200] [(1816, 1947)] [5] 1 Dependency deviates from CoW; added British de facto protectorate from 1816 to 1947 Nepal
800 Thailand [(1816, 9999)] [740] [(1941, 1945)] [4] 1 Siam Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1816 due to Kingdom already being in place Thailand
810 French Indochina [(0, 0)] [220, 740, 220] [(1887, 1941), (1941, 1945), (1945, 1954)] [3, 4, 3] 0 French Indochina
811 Cambodia [(1953, 9999)] [220, 816] [(1867, 1953), (1979, 1989)] [3, 4] 1 Kampuchea At times protectorate, at times part of French Indochina (810) which in turn was under French rule, hence dependency simplified Cambodia
812 Laos [(1953, 9999)] [220, 816] [(1893, 1953), (1975, 1989)] [3, 4] 1 At times protectorate, at times part of French Indochina (810) which in turn was under French rule, hence dependency simplified Laos
816 Vietnam [(1954, 9999)] [220, 710] [(1887, 1953), (1945, 1946)] [3, 4] 1 At times protectorate, at times part of French Indochina (810) which in turn was under French rule, hence dependency simplified Vietnam
817 Republic of Vietnam [(1954, 1975)] [220] [(1887, 1953)] [3] 1 South Vietnam At times protectorate, at times part of French Indochina (810) which in turn was under French rule, hence dependency simplified Republic of Vietnam
820 Malaysia [(1957, 9999)] [200] [(1826, 1957)] [3] 1 Dependency deviates from CoW; added Straits Settlements and British Malaya from 1826 to 1957, hence dependency simplified Malaysia
823 Sabah (North Borneo) [(0, 0)] [835, 200, 740, 200] [(1816, 1888), (1888, 1942), (1942, 1945), (1945, 1963)] [1, 5, 4, 3] 0 Sabah (North Borneo)
824 Sarawak [(0, 0)] [835, 200, 740, 200] [(1816, 1841), (1841, 1941), (1941, 1945), (1945, 1963)] [1, 5, 4, 3] 0 Sarawak
827 Straits Settlements [(0, 0)] [200] [(1826, 1945)] [3] 0 Straits Settlements
830 Singapore [(1965, 9999)] [200, 740, 820] [(1826, 1959), (1942, 1945), (1959, 1965)] [3, 4, 1] 1 Dependency deviates from CoW; added Straits Settlements and aftermath under British rule from 1826 to 1957, hence dependency simplified Singapore
835 Brunei [(1984, 9999)] [200, 740, 200] [(1888, 1941), (1941, 1945), (1945, 1983)] [5, 4, 5] 0 Brunei
840 Philippines [(1946, 9999)] [230, 2, 740, 2] [(1816, 1898), (1898, 1942), (1942, 1945), (1945, 1946)] [3, 3, 4, 3] 1 Philippines
850 Indonesia [(1949, 9999)] [210, 740] [(1816, 1949), (1942, 1945)] [3, 4] 1 Dutch East Indies Indonesia
851 West Irian [(0, 0)] [210, 740, 1, 850] [(1828, 1962), (1942, 1945), (1962, 1963), (1963, 9999)] [3, 4, 6, 1] 0 Dutch New Guinea At times part of Indonesia (850) which in turn was under Dutch rule, hence dependency simplified West Irian
860 East Timor [(2002, 9999)] [235, 740, 850, 1] [(1816, 1975), (1942, 1945), (1975, 1999), (1999, 2002)] [3, 4, 4, 1] 1 Portuguese Timor, Timor-Leste East Timor
900 Australia [(1901, 9999)] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1901 due to Federation of Australia Australia
901 New South Wales [(0, 0)] [200, 900] [(1816, 1901), (1901, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 New South Wales
902 Western Australia [(0, 0)] [200, 900] [(1829, 1901), (1901, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Western Australia
903 South Australia [(0, 0)] [200, 900] [(1836, 1901), (1901, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 South Australia
904 Victoria [(0, 0)] [200, 900] [(1851, 1901), (1901, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Victoria
905 Queensland [(0, 0)] [200, 900] [(1859, 1901), (1901, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Queensland
906 Tasmania [(0, 0)] [200, 900] [(1825, 1901), (1901, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Tasmania
910 Papua New Guinea [(1975, 9999)] [900] [(1945, 1975)] [6] 1 Papua New Guinea
911 Papua [(0, 0)] [200, 900] [(1888, 1906), (1906, 1975)] [5, 6] 0 Papua
912 New Guinea [(0, 0)] [255, 900, 900] [(1884, 1914), (1914, 1921), (1921, 1975)] [3, 4, 6] 0 German New Guinea, Kaiser-Wilhelmsland New Guinea
920 New Zealand [(1907, 9999)] [200] [(1840, 1907)] [3] 1 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1907 due to dominion status New Zealand
925 Cook Islands [(1965, 9999)] [200, 920] [(1888, 1901), (1901, 1965)] [5, 3] 0 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1965 due to granting of self-governing status by New Zealand's government Cook Islands
930 New Caledonia and Dependencies [(0, 0)] [220] [(1853, 1993)] [3] 0 New Caledonia and Dependencies
935 Vanuatu [(1981, 9999)] [200] [(1906, 1980)] [3] 0 Vanuatu
940 Solomon Islands [(1978, 9999)] [200] [(1893, 1978)] [5] 1 Solomon Islands
945 Gilbert and Ellice Is. [(0, 0)] [200, 200] [(1892, 1916), (1916, 1975)] [5, 3] 0 Gilbert and Ellice Is.
946 Kiribati [(1975, 9999)] [945] [(1892, 1975)] [1] 0 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1976 when legal separation of Gilbert and Ellice Is. Started Kiribati
947 Tuvalu [(1975, 9999)] [945] [(1892, 1975)] [1] 0 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1976 when legal separation of Gilbert and Ellice Is. Started Tuvalu
950 Fiji [(1970, 9999)] [200] [(1874, 1970)] [3] 1 Fiji
955 Tonga [(1816, 9999)] [200] [(1900, 1970)] [5] 0 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1816 due to Kingdom of Tonga already in place Tonga
970 Nauru [(1968, 9999)] [912, 900, 900, 740] [(1884, 1914), (1914, 1919), (1919, 1968), (1942, 1945)] [3, 4, 6, 4] 0 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1968 due to end of trusteeship Nauru
980 U.S. Pacific Trust Territories [(0, 0)] [255, 740, 740, 2, 2] [(1885, 1914), (1914, 1920), (1920, 1944), (1944, 1947), (1947, 1994)] [3, 4, 6, 4, 6] 0 U.S. Pacific Trust Territories
983 Marshall Islands [(1986, 9999)] [980] [(1885, 1986)] [1] 0 Marshall Islands
986 Palau [(1994, 9999)] [980] [(1885, 1994)] [1] 0 Palau
987 Federated States of Micronesia [(1986, 9999)] [980] [(1885, 1986)] [1] 0 Federated States of Micronesia
990 Samoa [(1962, 9999)] [255, 920, 920] [(1900, 1914), (1914, 1920), (1920, 1962)] [3, 4, 6] 0 Independence deviates from CoW; start date set to 1962 due to end of trusteeship Samoa
1055 Windward Is. [(0, 0)] [200] [(1833, 1958)] [3] 0 Windward Is.
1063 Leeward Is. [(0, 0)] [200] [(1833, 1956)] [3] 0 Leeward Is.
1070 Viceroyalty of New Spain [(0, 0)] [70] [(1816, 1821), (1821, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Viceroyalty of New Spain
1075 St. Kitts [(0, 0)] [60] [(1882, 9999)] [1] 0 St. Kitts
1076 Nevis [(0, 0)] [60] [(1882, 9999)] [1] 0 Nevis
1113 Demerara and Essequibo [(0, 0)] [200, 110] [(1816, 1831), (1831, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Demerara and Essequibo
1114 Berbice [(0, 0)] [200, 110] [(1816, 1831), (1831, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Berbice
1135 Viceroyalty of Peru [(0, 0)] [230, 135] [(1816, 1817), (1817, 9999)] [3, 1] 0 Viceroyalty of Peru
1160 Viceroyalty of La Plata [(0, 0)] [145] [(1816, 9999)] [1] 0 Viceroyalty of La Plata
2249 Heligoland [(0, 0)] [200, 255] [(1816, 1890), (1890, 1945)] [3, 1] 0 Heligoland
3353 Dodecanese Is. (Aegean Is.) [(0, 0)] [640, 325, 325, 200, 350] [(1816, 1912), (1912, 1923), (1923, 1943), (1943, 1947), (1947, 9999)] [1, 4, 3, 4, 1] 0 Dodecanese Is. (Aegean Is.)
4371 Odienne [(0, 0)] [4393] [(1880, 1898)] [1] 0 Odienne
4381 Futa Djallon [(0, 0)] [430] [(1896, 1958)] [1] 0 Futa Djallon
4391 Gurma [(0, 0)] [430] [(1895, 1958)] [1] 0 Gurma
4393 Mandinka Empire [(1878, 1898)] [430] [(1898, 1958)] [1] 0 Mandinka Empire
4783 Southern Nigeria [(0, 0)] [200, 475] [(1899, 1914), (1914, 9999)] [5, 1] 0 Southern Nigeria
4784 Northern Nigeria [(0, 0)] [200, 475] [(1899, 1914), (1914, 9999)] [5, 1] 0 Northern Nigeria
5200 Italian Somaliland [(0, 0)] [325, 5201, 200, 325] [(1889, 1936), (1936, 1941), (1941, 1950), (1950, 1960)] [3, 1, 4, 6] 0 Italian Somaliland
5201 Italian East Africa [(0, 0)] [5200] [(1936, 1941)] [1] 0 Italian East Africa
5518 Northeastern Rhodesia [(0, 0)] [200, 551, 550] [(1899, 1911), (1911, 1953), (1953, 1964)] [3, 1, 1] 0 Northeastern Rhodesia
6202 Cyrenaica [(0, 0)] [620] [(1912, 1942)] [1] 0 Cyrenaica
6254 Mahdist Empire [(1882, 1898)] [651, 625] [(1821, 1882), (1898, 1956)] [1, 1] 0 Mahdist Empire
6801 Federation of South Arabia [(0, 0)] [200] [(1959, 1967)] [3] 0 Federation of South Arabia
7351 Southern Sakhalin I. [(0, 0)] [365, 740, 365] [(1875, 1905), (1905, 1946), (1946, 1993)] [1, 3, 1] 0 Southern Sakhalin I.
90070 African Development Bank [(1964, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) African Development Bank
90540 Asia-Europe Foundation [(1997, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Asia-Europe Foundation
90580 Asian Development Bank [(1966, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Asian Development Bank
90650 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation [(1989, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
90750 Association of Southeast Asian Nations [(1967, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Association of Southeast Asian Nations
90880 Caribbean Community [(1973, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Caribbean Community
91230 Commonwealth of Independent States [(1991, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Commonwealth of Independent States
91420 Council of the Baltic Sea States [(1992, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Council of the Baltic Sea States
91500 Economic Community of Central African States [(1983, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Economic Community of Central African States
91585 European Coal and Steel Community [(1951, 2002)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) European Coal and Steel Community
91653 European Economic Community [(1957, 2009)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) European Economic Community
91670 European Free Trade Association [(1960, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) European Free Trade Association
91830 European Union [(1992, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) European Union
91880 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [(1947, 1995)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
92020 Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture [(1949, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture
92160 Inter American Development Bank [(1959, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Inter American Development Bank
92400 World Bank [(1944, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) World Bank
92830 International Labour Organization [(1919, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) International Labour Organization
92880 International Monetary Fund [(1945, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) International Monetary Fund
93750 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development [(1961, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
93760 Organization for African Unity [(1963, 2002)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Organization for African Unity
93761 African Union [(2002, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) African Union
93830 Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States [(1981, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
93900 Organization of American States [(1948, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Organization of American States
94170 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation [(1985, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
94220 Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization [(1965, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization
94260 Southern Common Market [(1991, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Southern Common Market
94410 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [(1945, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
94550 World Health Organization [(1948, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) World Health Organization
94580 World Trade Organization [(1995, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) World Trade Organization
95001 Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf States [(1975, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf States
95002 Arab League of Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organisation [(1970, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Arab League of Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organisation
95003 Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [(1979, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
95004 Intergovernmental Foundation for Educational, Scientific and Cultural Cooperation [(2006, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Intergovernmental Foundation for Educational, Scientific and Cultural Cooperation
95005 Union of South American Nations [(2004, 9999)] 0 Years of Independence for IOs refer to their existence, i.e., founding year (and end year if applicable) Union of South American Nations

Amendments and limitations

In general, the temporal domain of COW starts in 1816. Yet, WeSIS does not recognize entities beyond the time frame defined by the earliest or latest year in the colums "independence" and "relation_year". In some cases, changes have been made with respect to the start or end year of independence or a relation. These are documented in the column "remark". Most notable are deviances when a country not yet gained full independence regarding foreign policy - a defining criterion for COW - but had autonomy or self-government over domestic policies. As social policies fall into this realm, time frames may have been adjusted.

Based on personal exchange with COW coordinators, the following entities have been changed manually:

  • Name change for 345 from "Yugoslavia" to "Serbia"

The rationale is as follows: The country code 345 applies to Serbia before it becomes the core of Yugoslavia, which retains 345. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbia assumes the country code 345, which it has before it becomes the core of Yugoslavia. This is consistent with what COW has for Russia (365). Russia is the core of the Soviet Union. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, COW has the same country code for Russia that exists for Russia before it becomes the core of the Soviet Union. The name change is already scheduled for COW's next release.

Relation to other schemes

There are many other country coding schemes out there like ISO 3166-1 or the scheme applied by the "Varieties of Democracy" Project (V-Dem) - each with a different scope regarding time and entities, though. V-Dem's country codes in particular aim at a consistent time series whereas COW usually treats entities as "fixed" or "separated". For example, COW assigns three codes to Korea, North Korea and South Korea while V-Dem subsumes Korea and South Korea under one code. This makes it cumbersome though, when trying to disaggregate data if desirable. For this reason, data for WeSIS is collected for each entity separately applying COW codes.

However, as COW has become a standard on its own, V-Dem includes COW codes as well making it easy to merge data. Likewise, packages like countrycode for R or kountry for Stata provide valuable tools to convert from and to COW codes if needed.

Misc

Contributors: Nils Düpont, Fabian Besche, Bastian Becker, and Heiner Fechner

Revisions:

  • CRC internal release on July 16, 2018‎
  • Static list extended by related entities and replaced as searchable data.table on February 20, 2019
  • Dummy "pop.over.500k" added on February 23, 2019
  • List replaced with new version containing more detailed description of types of relationship on February 21, 2020
  • Old list archived on February 21, 2020
  • Ten entities added that had relations but were missing on March 05, 2020
  • Puerto Rico added on April 23, 2020
  • Cook Islands added on June 16, 2020
  • Liechtenstein updated on August 18, 2020
  • related_list corrected for South Korea on March 10, 2021
  • 35 International Organizations added as entities on May 27, 2024
  • Greenland, French Guyana and New Caledonia and Dependencies added on August 8, 2024

Sources

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