Country codes

This page lists all 2XX "countries" included in WeSIS and their numeric codes. Defining a country, political unit or a state member of the international system is challenging. In order to ensure cross-comparability to other major data collections in the social sciences, we rely on the Corrrelates of War project (COW) complemented by the V-Dem project (V-Dem).

Definition and Discussion

COW and V-Dem show a huge overlap in defining entities. For COW, an entity must have "a resonable degree of autonomy". For V-Dem, an entity must be an "effective governance unit". Further criteria apply e.g. population size, diplomatic missions, or continuity with a contemporary nation-state. They partly differ regarding the treatment of successor or predecessor states. V-Dem's country codes aim at providing a consistent time series whereas COW usually treats states as "fixed". For example, COW assigns three codes to Korea, North Korea and South Korea; V-Dem subsumes Korea and South Korea under one code. Data in WeSIS is matched on several IDs and thus allows for a flexible case selection reflecting user's demands.

Disclaimer: The inclusion of an entity in WeSIS is based on scientific and analytical grounds. This precludes any judgments about which territories qualify as countries. For this reason, recognizing entities in WeSIS should not be interpreted as judgments about sovereign claims to disputed territories.

Africa

COW State Name	COW State Abbreviation	COW Numeric Code	ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code	ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code	ISO 3166 Numeric code	V-Dem Country Text ID	V-Dem Country ID	V-Dem Historical Names	Wikipedia
Angola	ANG	540	AO	AGO	24	AGO	104	Portuguese Angola [colony, borders fixed and administration extended into the hinterland] (1900–1951); Overseas Province of Angola (1951–1975); Independent state (1975– )	Angola
Benin	BEN	434	BJ	BEN	204	BEN	52	French Dahomey [colony within French West Africa] (1900–1958); Republic of Dahomey [autonomous] (1958–1960); Republic of Benin [independent state] (1960– )	Benin
Botswana	BOT	571	BW	BWA	72	BWA	68	Bechuanaland Protectorate (1900–1966); Republic of Botswana [independent state] (1966-)	Botswana
Burkina Faso	BFO	439	BF	BFA	854	BFA	54	Colonial territory of Upper Volta [part of French West Africa][formed from territories previously belonging to Upper Senegal, Niger and Ivory Coast] (1919–1932); Colonial territory of Upper Volta [dissolved][territories administered by Ivory Coast, French Sudan, and Niger] (1932–1947); Colonial territory of Upper Volta [reconstituted][part of the French Union with previous boundaries] (1947); Colonial territory of Upper Volta (1947–1958); Republic of Upper Volta [self-governing within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Upper Volta [independent state] (1960–1984); Burkina Faso (1984– )	Burkina Faso
Burundi	BUI	516	BI	BDI	108	BDI	69	Part of German East Africa (1900–1916); Ruandi-Urundi (1916–1962); Republic of Burundi [independent state] (1962– )	Burundi
Cameroon	CAO	471	CM	CMR	120	CMR	108	German colony of Kamerun (1900–1919); Cameroon under dual League of Nations mandates [under France and Britain] (1919–1946); Cameroon [converted to UN trusteeships9 (1946–1960); Republic of Cameroon [French portion] [independent state] (1960); Republic of Cameroon and British Cameroon (1960–1961); Federal Republic of Cameroon [independent state] [Republic of Cameroon merged with southern part of British Cameroons] (1961); Republic of Cameroon (1961–1972); United Republic of Cameroon (1972–1984); Republic of Cameroon (1984-)	Cameroon
Cape Verde	CAP	402	CV	CPV	132	CPV	70	Colony of Portugal (1900–1951); overseas province of Portugal (1951–1975); Republic of Cape Verde [independent state] (1975– )	Cape Verde
Central African Republic	CEN	482	CF	CAF	140	CAF	71	Oubangui-Chari established as French administration [also known as Ubangi-Shari] (1903); Oubangui-Chari as part of the French Congo (1903–1906); Oubangui-Chari merged with Chad (1906); Oubangui-Chari as part of the French Congo (1906–1910); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad as part of the French Equatorial Africa [successor of French Congo] (1910–1911); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] under German occupation in its western part (1911–1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] [reoccupied by France] (1914–1920); Oubangi-Chari [autonomous unit, separated from Tchad] (1920); Oubangi-Chari [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1920–1946); Oubangi-Chari [overseas territory of the French Union] (1946–1958); Central African Republic [selfrule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Central African Republic [independent state] (1960–1976); Central African Empire (1976–1979); Central African Republic (1979–)	Central African Republic
Chad	CHA	483	TD	TCD	148	TCD	109	Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad (1900–1910); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad joins French Equatorial Africa] (1910–1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [terrytory’s pacification of present-day state complete] (1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1914–1920); Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1920–1946); Tchad [overseas territory of France] (1946–1958); Chad as a member of the Union of Central African Republics [self-rule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Chad [independent state] (1960– )	Chad
Comoros	COM	581	KM	COM	174	COM	153	French Protectorate of the Comoros (1900–1912); Mayotte and Dependencies (1912–1914); Comoros subordinated to Madagascar (1914–1946); Comoros as a French overseas territory (1946–1975); Union of the Comoros [independent state] (1975– )	Comoros
Congo	CON	484	CG	COG	178	COG	112	Middle Congo (1903–1910); Middle Congo (1903–1910); Middle Congo as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1910–1934); Middle Congo under direct administration of the governor-general of French Equatorial Africa (1934); Middle Congo as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1934–1958); Middle Congo as a member of the newly formed Union of Central African Republics (1958–1958); Congo Republic as a member of the newly formed Union of Central African Republics (1958–1960); Congo Republic [independent state] (1960); Congo Republic (1960–1970); People’s Republic of the Congo (1970–1991); Republic of the Congo (1991– )	Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo	DRC	490	CD	COD	180	COD	111	Congo Free State [property of King Leopold of Belgium] (1900–1908); Belgian colony of Belgian Congo (1908–1960); Republic of Congo [independent state] [also known as Congo-Leopoldville] (1960–1965); Democratic Republic of Congo (1965–1971); Republic of Zaire (1971–1997); Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997– )	Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti	DJI	522	DJ	DJI	262	DJI	113	French colony of French Somaliland (1900–1967); Territoire Francais des Afars et des Issas (1967–1977); Republic of Djibouti [independent state], (1977– )	Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea	EQG	411	GQ	GNQ	226	GNQ	160	Colony of Rio Muni, Colony of Elobey, Annobon and Corisco, and Island of Bioko [autonomous from one another] [under Spanish rule] (1900–1926); Colony of Spanish Guinea (1926–1959); Provinces of the Spanish Equatorial Region (1959–1963); Equatorial Guinea [autonomous community] (1963–1968); Republic of Equatorial Guinea [independent state] (1968– )	Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea	ERI	531	ER	ERI	232	ERI	115	Italian colony (1900–1936); Eritrea as a province of Italian East Africa (1936–1941); Eritrea under British occupation [administered under the terms of a UN mandate] (1941–1951); Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1952–1962); Eritrea as a territory within Ethiopia (1962–1993); State of Eritrea [independent state] (1993– )	Eritrea
Ethiopia	ETH	530	ET	ETH	231	ETH	38	Empire of Ethiopia (1789–1936); Empire of Ethiopia under Italian occupation (1936–1941); Empire of Ethiopia (1941–1974); Socialist Ethiopia (1974–1991); Socialist Ethiopia [transition phase] (1991–1995); Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995– )	Ethiopia
Gabon	GAB	481	GA	GAB	266	GAB	116	Gabon under French sphere of influence (1900–1910); Gabon as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1910–1958); Gabon as a member of the Union of Central African Republics (1958–1960); Gabonese Republic [independent state] (1960–)	Gabon
Gambia	GAM	420	GM	GMB	270	GMB	117	British Crown Colony of the Gambia (1900–1965); The Gambia [independent state] (1965); The Gambia [republic within the Commonwealth] (1965–1970); Republic of the Gambia (1970– )	Gambia
Ghana	GHA	452	GH	GHA	288	GHA	7	Gold Coast Colony (1900–1902); Gold Cost Colony [consisting of the coastal regions] (1902–1919); Gold Coast Colony [joined by part of German Togoland] (1919); Gold Coast Colony [conquered territory of Asante, Northern territories protectorates ruled by a single governor] (1919–1946); Gold Coast Colony (1946–1956); Gold Coast Colony [joined by British Togoland and protectorates] (1956); Gold Coast Colony (1956–1957); Republic of Ghana (1957– )	Ghana
Guinea	GUI	438	GN	GIN	324	GIN	63	French Guinea [part of French West Africa] (1900–1958); Republic of Guinea [independent state] (1958– )	Guinea
Guinea-Bissau	GNB	404	GW	GNB	624	GNB	119	Colony of Portuguese Guinea (1900–1973); Republic of Guinea Bissau [independent state] (1973– )	Guinea-Bissau
Ivory Coast	CDI	437	CI	CIV	384	CIV	64	Ivory Coast as a French colony (1900–1904); Ivory Coast [part of French West Africa] (1904–1958); Ivory Coast [member of French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Cˆote d’Ivoire [independent state] (1960–)	Ivory Coast
Kenya	KEN	501	KE	KEN	404	KEN	40	East Africa Protectorate (1900–1920); British colony of Kenya (1920–1963); Republic of Kenya [independent state] (1963– )	Kenya
Lesotho	LES	570	LS	LSO	426	LSO	85	British Protectorate of Basutoland (1900–1966); Kingdom of Lesotho [independent state] (1966– )	Lesotho
Liberia	LBR	450	LR	LBR	430	LBR	86	Cape Mesurado Colony (1821–1824); Colony of Liberia (1824–1839); Commonwealth of Liberia (1839–1847); Republic of Liberia (1847– )	Liberia
Madagascar	MAG	580	MG	MDG	450	MDG	125	Kingdom of Imerina (1817–1896); Kingdom of Imerina under French Protectorate (1896–1897); French colony of Madagascar (1897–1958); Malagasy Republic [self-rule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Madagascar [independent state] (1960– )	Madagascar
Malawi	MAW	553	MW	MWI	454	MWI	87	British colony of Nyasaland (1900–1953); Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation [consolidated with Rhodesia (North and South)] (1953–1963); British colony of Nyasaland (1963–1964); Republic of Malawi [independent state] (1964– )	Malawi
Mali	MLI	432	ML	MLI	466	MLI	28	French Sudan/Sudanese Republic (1900–1958); Mali Federation (1958–1960), Republic of Mali (1960– )	Mali
Mauritania	MAA	435	MR	MRT	478	MRT	65	Mauritania as a French colony (1900–1904); Mauritania as a French colony [boundaries established] (1904–1912); Mauritania as a French colony [fully pacified] (1912); Mauritania as a French colony (1912–1920); Mauritania [member of French West Africa] (1920–1958); Republic of Mauritania [within the French Community]; Islamic Republic of Mauritania [independent state] (1960– )	Mauritania
Mauritius	MAS	590	MU	MUS	480	MUS	180	Mauritius as a British colony (1900–1968); Republic of Mauritius [independent state] (1968-)	Mauritius
Mozambique	MZM	541	MZ	MOZ	508	MOZ	57	Portuguese colony (1900–1975); Independent state (1975– )	Mozambique
Namibia	NAM	565	NA	NAM	516	NAM	127	German Southwest Africa (1900–1915); Southwest Africa as a South African colony (1915–1989); Republic of Namibia [independent state] (1990– )	Namibia
Niger	NIR	436	NE	NER	562	NER	60	Niger under French influence (1900–1922); Niger as a French colony (1922–1958); Niger [self-rule within French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Niger [independent state] (1960– )	Niger
Nigeria	NIG	475	NG	NGA	566	NGA	45	Protectorate of Northern Nigeria and the Niger Coast Protectorate/ Protectorate of Southern Nigeria [divided] (1900–1914); Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria [unified] (1914–1960); Federal Republic of Nigeria [independent state] (1960– )	Nigeria
Rwanda	RWA	517	RW	RWA	646	RWA	129	Part of German East Africa (1900–1916); Ruanda-Urundi (1916–1962); Republic of Rwanda [independent state] (1962– )	Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe	STP	403	ST	STP	678	STP	196	Portuguese colony (1900–1975); Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe [independent state] (1975– )	Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal	SEN	433	SN	SEN	686	SEN	31	French colony of Senegal (1904–1959); Mali Federation (1959–1960); Senegal [independent state] (1960–1982); Senegambia (1982–1989); Republic of Senegal (1989– )	Senegal
Seychelles	SEY	591	SC	SYC	690	SYC	199	Seychelles as a British crown colony (1903–1976); Republic of the Seychelles [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1976– )	Seychelles
Sierra Leone	SIE	451	SL	SLE	694	SLE	95	Sierra Leone British colony (1900–1924); Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate [each with separate legislatures] (1924–1953); Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate [self-rule] (1953–1961); Republic of Sierra Leone [independent state] (1961– )	Sierra Leone
Somalia	SOM	520	SO	SOM	706	SOM	130	Somalia under formal Italian control over most of the territory [except British Somaliland] (1900–1910 ); Somalia under effective (more or less) Italian control (1910–1941); Somalia under British occupation (1941–1950); UN Trust Territory of Somalia under Italian administration (1950–1960); Somali Republic [unites Somaliland with the Trust Territory of Somalia] (1960–1969); Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991); Somali Democratic Republic [civil war] (1991-2004); Transitional Federal Government [civil war] (2004-2012); Federal Government of Somalia [civil war] (2012– )	Somalia
South Africa	SAF	560	ZA	ZAF	710	ZAF	8	South Africa as a British colony (1900–1910); Union of South Africa (1910–1931); Union of South Africa [independent state] (1931–1961); Union of South Africa [exits the Commonwealth] (1961); Republic of South Africa (1961– )	South Africa
South Sudan	SSD	626	SS	SSD	728	SSD	32	Sudan (1900-2011); Republic of South Sudan [independent state] (2011– )	South Sudan
Sudan	SUD	625	SD	SDN	729	SDN	33	British colony under auspices of Anglo-Egyptian condominium (1900–1956); Republic of the Sudan [independent state] (1956–)	Sudan
Swaziland	SWA	572	SZ	SWZ	748	SWZ	132	Swaziland under British protectorate (1900–1968); Kingdom of Swaziland [independent state] (1968– )	Swaziland
Tanzania	TAZ	510	TZ	TZA	834	TZA	47	Part of German East Africa (1900–1914); Tanganyika and Zanzibar [governed separately] under British League of Nations mandate (1914–1961); Tanganyika [independent state] and Zanzibar under British League of Nations mandate (1961–1964); Tanzania [Zanzibar joins Tanganyika][independent state] (1964– )	Tanzania
Togo	TOG	461	TG	TGO	768	TGO	134	German protectorate (1900–1905); German colony of Togoland (1905–1916); Togoland under French and British administration [split into two League of Nations mandates] (1916–1946); Togoland under French and British administration [U.N. Trust Territories] (1946–1956); British Togoland joins Gold Coast, French Togoland continues a U.N. Trust Territory (1956–1959); British Togolando [joined with Gold Coast], French Togoland [autonomous republic within the French Union] (1959–1960); Togolese Republic [independent state] (1960– )	Togo
Uganda	UGA	500	UG	UGA	800	UGA	50	Uganda as a British protectorate (1900–1914); Uganda as a British protectorate [final shape achieved] (1914); Uganda as a British protectorate (1914–1962); Republic of Uganda [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1962– )	Uganda
Zambia	ZAM	551	ZM	ZMB	894	ZMB	61	North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia [British colonies] (1900–1911); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia merged] (1911–1923); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [significant self-rule] (1923); Colony of Northern Rhodesia (1923–1953); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [concolidated with Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation] (1953–1963); Colony of Northern Rhodesia (1963–1964); Republic of Zambia [independent state] (1964– )	Zambia
Zanzibar	ZAN	511				ZZB	236	Sultanate of Zanzibar [independent] (1856–1885); Sultanate of Zanzibar under German protectorate (1885–1890); Sultanate of Zanzibar under British protectorate (1890–1963); Sultanate of Zanzibar [independent] (1963–1964); People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba (1964); People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba [joins Tanganyika to form Tanzania as a semi-autonomous region](1964)	Sultanate of Zanzibar People's Republic of Zanzibar
Zimbabwe	ZIM	552	ZW	ZWE	716	ZWE	62	British colony of Southern Rhodesia (1900–1923); British Colony of Southern Rhodesia [self-governing] (1923–1953); British Colony of Southern Rhodesia [consolidated with Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation] (1953–1964); Rhodesia [independent state] (1964); Rhodesia (1964–1979); Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979–1980); Republic of Zimbabwe (1980– )	Zimbabwe

Americas

COW State Name	COW State Abbreviation	COW Numeric Code	ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code	ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code	ISO 3166 Numeric code	V-Dem Country Text ID	V-Dem Country ID	V-Dem Historical Names	Wikipedia
Antigua & Barbuda	AAB	58	AG	ATG	28			Antigua and Barbuda as a British colony (1900–1981); Antigua and Barbuda [independent state] (1981– )	Antigua & Barbuda
Argentina	ARG	160	AR	ARG	32	ARG	37	Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (1789–1810); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (1810–1811); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata [Paraguay secedes] (1811); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (1811–1820); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata [Uruguay annexed to Brazil] (1820–1825); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata [Bolivia secedes] (1825); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (1825–1831); Argentine Confederation (1831–1852); Argentine Confederation [Buenos Aires secedes] (1852–1861); Argentine Nation/Republic (1861– )	Argentina
Bahamas	BHM	31	BS	BHS	44			Bahamas as a British colony (1900–1973); Commonwealth of the Bahamas [independent state] (1973– )	Bahamas
Barbados	BAR	53	BB	BRB	52	BRB	147	Barbados as a British colony (1900–1966); Barbados [independent state] (1966– )	Barbados
Belize	BLZ	80	BZ	BLZ	84			British colony of British Honduras (1900–1964); British colony of British Honduras [granted self-government] (1964); British colony of British Honduras (1964–1973); Belize (1973–1981); Belize [independent state] (1981– )	Belize
Bolivia	BOL	145	BO	BOL	68	BOL	25	Bolivar Republic (1825–1826); Bolivia (1826–1836); Bolivia [part of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation] (1836–1839); Bolivia (1839–1867); Bolivia [incorporates Acre] (1867); Bolivia (1867–1868); Republic of Bolivia (1868–1883); Republic of Bolivia [Pacific coastline lost to Chile] (1883); Republic of Bolivia (1883–1899); Republic of Bolivia [Acre independent] (1899–1900); Republic of Bolivia [Acre returns to Bolivia] (1900–1904); Republic of Bolivia [Acre sold to Brazil] (1904); Republic of Bolivia (1904-2009); Plurinational State of Bolivia (2009– )	Bolivia
Brazil	BRA	140	BR	BRA	76	BRA	19	Viceroyalty of Brazil (1789–1814); Kingdom of Brazil [part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves] (1815–1820); Kingdom of Brazil [incorporates Uruguay] (1820–1822); Empire of Brazil (1822); Empire of Brazil [Uruguay incorporated] (1822–1825); Empire of Brazil (1825–1889); Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889–1904); Republic of the United States of Brazil [incorporates Acre] (1904); Republic of the United States of Brazil (1904–1968); Federative Republic of Brazil (1968– )	Brazil
Canada	CAN	20	CA	CAN	124	CAN	66	United Province of Canada (1841–1867); Dominion of Canada (1867– )	Canada
Chile	CHL	155	CL	CHL	152	CHL	72	Captaincy General of Chile (1789–1818); Republic of Chile (1818–1883); Republic of Chile [incorporates Bolivian Pacific Coast] (1883); Republic of Chile (1883–1888); Republic of Chile [incorporates Easter Island] (1888); Republic of Chile (1888– )	Chile
Colombia	COL	100	CO	COL	170	COL	15	Viceroyalty of New Granada (1789–1811); Federated Provinces of New Grenada (1811–1812); United Provinces of New Grenada (1812–1819); Republic of Colombia [Gran Colombia] (1819–1903); Republic of Colombia [Panama secedes] (1903); Repulic of Colombia (1903– )	Colombia
Costa Rica	COS	94	CR	CRI	188	CRI	73	State of Costa Rica (1838–1844); Free State of Costa Rica (1844–1847); State of Costa Rica (1847–1848); Republic of Costa Rica (1848– )	Costa Rica
Cuba	CUB	40	CU	CUB	192	CUB	155	Spanish Captaincy-general of Cuba (1789–1898); US colony of Cuba (1898–1902); Republic of Cuba (1902– )	Cuba
Dominica	DMA	54	DM	DMA	212			Dominica as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); British colony (1962–1967); Dominica [associated state of the UK with self-determination over domestic policy] (1967–1978); Dominica [independent state] (1978– )	Dominica
Dominican Republic	DOM	42	DO	DOM	214	DOM	114	Spanish colony of Santo Domingo (1789–1801); Spanish colony of Santo Domingo under Haitian occupation (1801–1802); Colony of Santo Domingo under French administration (1802–1809); Colony of Santo Domingo under Spanish rule (1809–1822); Colony of Santo Domingo [annexed to Haiti] (1822–1844); Dominican Republic [independent state] (1844); Dominican Republic (1844–1861); Spanish Colony of Santo Domingo (1861–1863); Dominican Republic (1863–1916 ); Dominican Republic under US occupation(1916–1924); Dominican Republic (1924–1965); Dominican Republic under US occupation (1965–1966); Dominican Republic (1966– )	Dominican Republic
Ecuador	ECU	130	EC	ECU	218	ECU	75	State of Ecuador (1830–1832); State of Ecuador [Galapagos Islands annexed] (1832); State of Ecuador (1832–1835);Republic of Ecuador (1835– )	Ecuador
El Salvador	SAL	92	SV	SLV	222	SLV	22	State of Salvador [nominally part of the Central American Republic] (1838–1840); State of Salvador (1840–1859); Republic of Salvador (1859–1898); Republic of El Salvador (1898– )	El Salvador
Grenada	GRN	55	GD	GRD	308			Grenada as a British colony (1900–1958); British colony under the West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Grenada as a British colony (1962–1967); Grenada [associated state of the UK with selfdetermination over domestic policy] (1967–1974); Grenada [independent state] (1974–1983); Grenada under US occupation (1983); Grenada [independent state] (1983-)	Grenada
Guatemala	GUA	90	GT	GTM	320	GTM	78	Captaincy-general of Guatemala [subordinated to New Spain] (1789–1821); United Provinces of Central America (1821–1822); United Provinces of Central America incorporated into Mexico (1822–1823); United Provinces of Central America (1823–1838); Republic of Guatemala (1838– )	Guatemala
Guyana	GUY	110	GY	GUY	328	GUY	166	Guyana as a British colony (1900–1966); Guyana [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1966–1970); Co-operative Republic of Guyana (1970– )	Guyana
Haiti	HAI	41	HT	HTI	332	HTI	26	Colony of Saint-Domingue (1789–1804); Empire of Haiti (1804–1806); Republic of Haiti [South] (1806–1820); Republic of Haiti [incorporates North Haiti] (1820); Republic of Haiti (1820–1822); Republic of Haiti [incorporates Santo Domingo/Dominican Republic] (1822–1844); Republic of Haiti after Dominican Republic secedes (1844–1849); Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1858); Republic of Haiti (1858–1914); Republic of Haiti under US occupation and protectorate (1914–1936); Republic of Haiti (1936– )).[South] (1806-1820) / Republic of Haiti [incorporates Santo-Domingo/Dominican Republic] (1822-1844) / Republic of Haiti after Dominican Republic secedes (1844-1849) / Republic of Haiti under US occupation and protectorate (1914-1936) / Second Empire of Haiti (1849-1858)	Haiti
Honduras	HON	91	HN	HND	340	HND	27	State of Honduras (1838–1865); Republic of Honduras (1865–1907); Republic of Honduras under US occupation or protectorate (1907); Republic of Honduras (1907–1911); Republic of Honduras under US occupation or protectorate (1911–1919); Republic of Honduras (1919–1924); Republic of Honduras under US occupation or protectorate (1924–1925); Republic of Honduras (1925– )	Honduras
Jamaica	JAM	51	JM	JAM	388	JAM	120	Jamaica as a British colony (1900–1962); Jamaica [independent state] (1962– )	Jamaica
Mexico	MEX	70	MX	MEX	484	MEX	3	Viceroyalty of New Spain (1789–1821); Mexican Empire (1821–1823); Provisional Government (1823–1824); United States of Mexico (1824–1835); Mexican Republic [Including Texas](1935–1836); Mexican Republic (1835–1846); United Mexican States (1846–1848); United Mexican States [”Mexican cession” territory ceded to the US](1848); United Mexican States (1848–1853); United Mexican States [”Gadsden purchase” territory ceded to the US] (1953); United Mexican States (1853–1863); Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867); United Mexican States (1867– )	Mexico
Nicaragua	NIC	93	NI	NIC	558	NIC	59	State of Nicaragua (1838–1854); Republic of Nicaragua (1854–1909); Republic of Nicaragua under US Protectorate (1909–1910); Republic of Nicaragua under US occupation (1910); Republic of Nicaragua under US protectorate (1910–1912); Republic of Nicaragua under US occupation (1912–1913); Republic of Nicaragua under US Protectorate (1913–1920); Republic of Nicaragua (1920-)	Nicaragua
Panama	PAN	95	PA	PAN	591	PAN	92	Province of Colombia (1900–1903); Republic of Panama [independent state though under influence of United States, which had special rights to the canal zone] (1903–1979); Republic of Panama [independent state] (1979–1989); Republic of Panama under US incursion (1989); Republic of Panama [independent state] (1989– )	Panama
Paraguay	PAR	150	PY	PRY	600	PRY	189	Intendancy of Paraguay [part of Rio de la Plata] (1789–1813); Republic of Paraguay (1813–1869); Republic of Paraguay under Argentinian and Brazilian occupation (1869–1876); Republic of Paraguay (1876– )	Paraguay
Peru	PER	135	PE	PER	604	PER	30	Viceroyalty of Peru (1789–1821); State of Peru (1821–1822); Peruvian Republic (1822–1836); part of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation (1836–1838); Republic of Peru (1838–1881); Republic of Peru under Chilean occupation (1881–1883); Republic of Peru (1883– )	Peru
St. Kitts and Nevis	SKN	60	KN	KNA	659			Saint Kitts and Nevis as a British colony (1900–1967); Saint Kitts and Nevis [associated state of the UK with self-determination over domestic policy] (1967–1971); Saint Kitts and Nevis [Anguilla separates] (1971); Saint Kitts and Nevis (1971–1983); Saint Kitts and Nevis [independent state] (1983– )	Saint Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia	SLU	56	LC	LCA	662			Saint Lucia as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Saint Lucia as a British colony (1962–1967); Saint Lucia [associated state of the UK with self determination over domestic policy] (1967–1979); Saint Lucia [independent state] (1979– )	Saint Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	SVG	57	VC	VCT	670			Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as a British colony (1962–1969); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [associated state of the UK with self-determination over domestic policy] (1969–1979); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [independent state] (1979– )	St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname	SUR	115	SR	SUR	740	SUR	4	Suriname as a Dutch colony (1900–1941); Suriname as a Dutch colony under US occupation (1941); Suriname as a Dutch colony (1941–1954); Suriname [Dutch colony with self-rule] (1954–1975); Republic of Suriname [independent state] (1975– )	Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago	TRI	52	TT	TTO	780	TTO	135	Trinidad and Tobago as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Trinidad and Tobago [independent state, member of the Commonwealth] (1962–1978); Republic of Trinidad and Tobago [independent state, member of the Commonwealth] (1978– )	Trinidad and Tobago
United States of America	USA	2	US	USA	840	USA	20	United States of America (1789–1803); United States of America [incorporates the Louisiana Territory] (1803); United States of America (1803–1821); United States of America [incorporates Florida] (1821); United States of America (1821–1846); United States of America [incorporates Texas and Oregon Territory] (1846); United States of America (1846–1848); United States of America [Mexican Cession lands] (1848); United States of America (1848–1853); United States of America [Gadsden Purchase] (1853); United States of America (1853–1867); United States of America [incorporates Alaska] (1867); United States of America (1867–1898); United States of America [incorporates Hawaii] (1898); United States of America (1898– )	United States of America
Uruguay	URU	165	UY	URY	858	URY	102	Provincia Oriental del R´ıo de la Plata [formally under Argentine Confederation] (1825–1828); State of Montevideo (1828–1829); Eastern State of Uruguay (1829); Oriental Republic of Uruguay (1829– )	Uruguay
Venezuela	VEN	101	VE	VEN	862	VEN	51	Captaincy General of Venezuela (1789–1811); United States of Venezuela (1811–1812); Captaincy General of Venezuela (1812–1813); United States of Venezuela (1813–1814); Captaincy General of Venezuela (1814–1816); Republic of Venezuela (1816–1819); Republic of Venezuela [incorporated into Gran Colombia] (1819–1830); Republic of Venezuela (1830–1864); United States of Venezuela (1864–1953); Republic of Venezuela (1953-2000); Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (2000– )	Venezuela

Asia

COW State Name	COW State Abbreviation	COW Numeric Code	ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code	ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code	ISO 3166 Numeric code	V-Dem Country Text ID	V-Dem Country ID	V-Dem Historical Names	Wikipedia
Afghanistan	AFG	700	AF	AFG	4	AFG	36	Emirate of Afghanistan (1789–1839); Emirate of Afghanistan under British protectorate and occupation (1839–1842); Emirate of Afghanistan (1842–1879); Emirate of Afghanistan under British occupation (1879); Emirate of Afghanistan under British occupation and sphere of influence(1879–1880); Emirate of Afghanistan under British sphere of influence (1880–1919); Emirate of Afghanistan (1919–1926); Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973); Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1979); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan under Russian occupation (1979–1989); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1989–1992); Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–1996); Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996-2001); Afghan Transitional Administration under US occupation (2001-2004); Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under US occupation (2004-2014); Islamic republic of Afghanistan (2014– )	Afghanistan
Bangladesh	BNG	771	BD	BGD	50	BGD	24	British India (1900–1947); Pakistan (1947–1971); People’s Republic of Bangladesh [independent state] (1971– )	Bangladesh
Bhutan	BHU	760	BT	BTN	64	BTN	53	Princely state of British India (1910–1949); Kingdom of Bhutan as a quasi-protectorate of India [foreign policy coordinated with India] (1949-2007); Kingdom of Bhutan (2007– )	Bhutan
Brunei	BRU	835	BN	BRN	96			Brunei under British protectorate (1900–1941); Brunei under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Brunei under British protectorate (1945–1984); State of Brunei Darussalam [independent state] (1984– )	Brunei
Cambodia	CAM	811	KH	KHM	116	KHM	55	Kingdom of Cambodia under French protectorate [part of French Indochina] (1900–1941); Kingdom of Cambodia under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Kingdom of Cambodia (1945–1953); Kingdom of Cambodia [independent state] (1953); Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1975); Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1978); Democratic Kampuchea under Vietnamese occupation (1978–1979); People’s Republic of Kampuchea (1979);People’s Republic of Kampuchea under Vietnamese occupation (1979–1990); Kingdom of Cambodia (1990); Kingdom of Cambodia under Vietnamese occupation (1990–1993); Kingdom of Cambodia (1993– )	Cambodia
China	CHN	710	CN	CHN	156	CHN	110	Great Qing Empire (1789–1900); Great Qing Empire with Tientsin and Beijing under Austro-Hungarian, British, German, French, Italian, Japanese, Russian and US occupation (1900–1901); Great Qing Empire (1901–1911); Republic of China [Warlord China] (1911–1928); Republic of China [Nationalist China] (1928–1949); People’s Republic of China (1949– )	China
East Timor	ETM	860	TL	TLS	626	TLS	74	Portuguese colony of East Timor (1900–1975); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [unilateral declaration of independent state by FRETILIN (Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor)] (1975); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste under Indonesian occupation (1975–1999); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste under UN administration (1999-2002); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [independent state] (2002– )	East Timor
India	IND	750	IN	IND	356	IND	39	British India [territories directly administered by the British East India Company] (1789–1858); Empire of India [colony under Britain] (1858–1947); Republic of India [independent state] (1947– )	India
Indonesia	INS	850	ID	IDN	360	IDN	56	Dutch East Indies [under Dutch East India Company] (1789–1801); Dutch East Indies Colony (1801–1811); Dutch East Indies Colony under British occupation (1811–1816); Dutch East Indies (1816–1942); Dutch East Indies under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Dutch East Indies [independent state] (1945); Dutch East Indies (1945–1949); Republic of Indonesia [independence recognized by the Netherlands] (1949); Republic of Indonesia (1949–1963); Republic of Indonesia [incorporates West New Guinea] (1963); Republic of Indonesia (1963– )	Indonesia
Japan	JPN	740	JP	JPN	392	JPN	9	Tokugawa Japan (1789–1868); Empire of Japan (1868–1945); Empire of Japan under US occupation (1945–1947); State of Japan (1947); State of Japan under US occupation (1947–1952); State of Japan (1952– )	Japan
Kazakhstan	KZK	705	KZ	KAZ	398	KAZ	121	Russian Empire (1900–1917); Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Republic of Kazakhstan [independent state] (1991– )	Kazakhstan
Korea	KOR	730				KOR	42	Kingdom of Great Joseon (1789–1897); Great Korean Empire (1897–1905); Korea as a Japanese protectorate (1905–1910); Korea under Japanese occupation (1910–1945); Korea under US occupation (1945–1948); Republic of Korea (1948– )	Korea
Kyrgyzstan	KYR	703	KG	KGZ	417	KGZ	122	Russian Empire (1900–1917); Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Kyrgyz Republic [independent state] (1991– )	Kyrgyzstan
Laos	LAO	812	LA	LAO	418	LAO	123	Laos under French protectorate [part of French Indochina] (1900–1945); Laos under Japanese occupation (1945); Laos under French protectorate (1945–1950); Laos [self-rule from France as an associated state within the French Union] (1950–1953); Kingdom of Laos [independent state] (1953–1975); Lao People’s Democratic Republic (1975– )	Laos
Malaysia	MAL	820	MY	MYS	458	MYS	177	Federated Malay States [ruled directly by Britain] and Unfederated Malay States [under British influence] (1900–1942); Federated Malay States and Unfederated Malay States under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Malayan Union/Federation of Malaya (1945–1957); Malayan Union [independent state] (1957) Federation of Malaysia (1957–1963); Malaysia (1963– )	Malaysia
Maldives	MAD	781	MV	MDV	462	MDV	88	Maldive Islands as a British protectorate (1900–1965); Republic of Maldives [independent state] (1965– )	Maldives
Mongolia	MON	712	MN	MNG	496	MNG	89	Bogd Khaan State [independent state] (1911); Bogd Khaan State (1911–1919); Bogd Khaan State under Chinese occupation (1919–1921); Bogd Khaan State (1921–1924); Mongolian People’s Republic [declared] (1924); Mongolian People’s Republic (1924–1946); Mongolian People’s Republic [independence recognized by China] (1946); Mongolian People’s Republic (1946–1992); Mongolia (1992– )	Mongolia
Myanmar	MYA	775	MM	MMR	104	MMR	10	Kingdom of Burma [under Konbaung Dynasty] (1789–1824); Kingdom of Burma [Lower Burma annexed by Britain] (1824); Kingdom of Burma (Upper Burma) [under Konbaung Dynasty] (1824–1885); Burma [Upper and Lower Burma united, part/province British India, i.e. British colony] (1885–1942); Burma under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Burma (1945–1948); Republic of the Union of Myanmar [independent state] (1948– )	Myanmar
Nepal	NEP	790	NP	NPL	524	NPL	58	Kingdom of Nepal (1789–1818); Kingdom of Nepal under British protectorate [de facto] (1818–1947); Kingdom of Nepal (1947-2008); Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008– )	Nepal
North Korea	PRK	731	KP	PRK	408	PRK	41	North Korea under Soviet occupation (1945–1948); Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (1948– )	North Korea
Pakistan	PAK	770	PK	PAK	586	PAK	29	British India (1900–1947); Dominion of Pakistan [independent state] (1947–1956); Islamic Republic of Pakistan [independent state] (1956– )	Pakistan
Philippines	PHI	840	PH	PHL	608	PHL	46	Philippines under US protectorate (1900–1935); Phillippines within US commonwealth (1935–1942); Philippines under Japanese occupation (1942–1944); Phillippines within US commonwealth (1944–1946); Republic of the Philippines [independent state] (1946– )	Philippines
Republic of Vietnam	RVN	817	VD	VDR	868	VDR	35	Dai Viet Quoc (1802–1804); Viet Nam Quoc (1804–1839); Dai Nam Quoc (1839–1862); Dai Nam Quoc [Cochinchina ceded to France] (1862); Dai Nam Quoc (1862–1874); Dai Nam Quoc and French Protectorate of Tonkin (1874–1882); French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin (1882–1887); part of French Indochina [including Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina (but not Cambodia, Laos, or Kouang-Tcheou-Wan)] (1887–1945); French Indochina under Japanese occupation (1945); French Indochina (1945–1949); State of Vietnam (1949–1955); Republic of Vietnam (also known as South Vietnam) (1955–1975)	Republic of Vietnam
Singapore	SIN	830	SG	SGP	702	SGP	200	Straits Settlements (1867–1942); British Crown Colony of Singapore under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); British Crown Colony of Singapore (1945–1959); British Crown Colony of Singapore [self-governing member of British Commonwealth] (1959–1963); part of Federation of Malaysia (1963–1965); Republic of Singapore [independent state] (1965– )	Singapore
South Korea	ROK	732	KR	KOR	410	KOR	42	/ Great Korean Empire (1897-1905) / Kingdom of Great Joseon (1789-1897) / Korea as a Japanese protectorate (1905-1910) / Korea under Japanese occupation (1910-1945) / Korea under US occupation (1945-1948) / Republic of Korea (1948- ).	South Korea
Sri Lanka	SRI	780	LK	LKA	144	LKA	131	British Colony of Ceylon (1900–1948); Dominion of Ceylon [independent state] (1948–1972); Republic of Sri Lanka (1972–1978); Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (1978– )	Sri Lanka
Taiwan	TAW	713	TW	TWN	158	TWN	48	Taiwan under Japanese occupation (1900–1945); Republic of China [headquartered in the mainland] (1945–1949); Republic of China [headquartered in Taiwan] (1949– )	Taiwan
Tajikistan	TAJ	702	TJ	TJK	762	TJK	133	Russian Empire (1900–1917); Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Republic of Tajikistan [independent state] (1991– )	Tajikistan
Thailand	THI	800	TH	THA	764	THA	49	Kingdom of Krung Thep (1789–1856); Kingdom of Siam (1856–1907); Kingdom of Siam [cedes Battambang, Siem Reap, and Srisophon to French Indochina (Cambodia) and west-bank Champasak and Xainyaburi to France (Laos)] (1907); Kingdom of Siam (1907–1909); Kingdom of Siam [cedes Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu to Britain] (1909); Kingdom of Siam (1909–1939); Kingdom of Thailand (1939–1945); Siam (1945–1949); Kingdom of Thailand (1949– )	Thailand
Turkmenistan	TKM	701	TM	TKM	795	TKM	136	Russian Empire (1900–1917); Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Turkmenistan [independent state] (1991– )	Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan	UZB	704	UZ	UZB	860	UZB	140	Emirate of Bukhara (1789–1873); Emirate of Bukhara as a Russian protectorate (1873–1920); Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic [Soviet state] (1920–1924); divided between Uzbek S.S.R and Turkmen S.S.R, within the Soviet Union (1924–1990); State sovereignty (1990–1991); Republic of Uzbekistan [independent state] (1991– )	Uzbekistan
Vietnam	DRV	816	VN	VNM	704	VNM	34	Democratic Republic of Vietnam (i.e. North Vietnam) [declared] (1945); Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1949); Democratic Republic of Vietnam [independent state] (1949– )	Vietnam

Middle East and North Africa

COW State Name	COW State Abbreviation	COW Numeric Code	ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code	ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code	ISO 3166 Numeric code	V-Dem Country Text ID	V-Dem Country ID	V-Dem Historical Names	Wikipedia
Albania	ALB	339	AL	ALB	8	ALB	12	Ottoman Empire (1900–1912); Proclaimed independent state (1912–1914); Principality of Albania [independent state] (1914), Principality of Albania under Austro-Hungarian occupation (1914–1916); Principality of Albania under Austro-Hungarian and French occupation (1916–1918); Principality of Albania under French occupation (1918–1920); Principality of Albania (1920–1925); Albanian Republic (1925–1928); Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939); Albanian Kingdom under Italian occupation (1939–1943); Albanian Kingdom under German occupation (1943–1944); People’s Republic of Albania (1944–1976); People’s Socialist Republic of Albania (1976–1991); Republic of Albania (1991– )	Albania
Andorra	AND	232	AD	AND	20				Andorra
Austria	AUS	305	AT	AUT	40	AUT	144	Austrian hereditary lands (1789–1867); Austrian ”half” of the Habsburg Empire - Cisleithania (1867–1918); Republic of German-Austria (1918–1919); Republic of Austria (1919–1938); German state of Ostmark (1938–1939); Ostmark as an integral part of Third Reich [dissolved into Reichsgaue] (1939–1945); Republic of Austria under Allied occupation (1945–1955); Republic of Austria (1955– )	Austria
Austria-Hungary	AUH	300				AUT	144	Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918)	Austria-Hungary
Baden	BAD	267				BDN	349	Margraviate of Baden (1789–1803); Electorate of Baden (1803–1806); Grand Duchy of Baden (1806–1871)	Baden
Bavaria	BAV	245				BVR	350	Electorate of Bavaria (1789–1803); Electorate of Bavaria [incorporates Palatinate] (1803); Electorate of Bavaria (1803–1806); Kingdom of Bavaria (1806–1871)	Bavaria
Belarus	BLR	370	BY	BLR	112	BLR	107	Russian Empire (1900–1918); German Empire (1918); Belarusian People’s Republic (1918– 1921); Poland [western part of the country] and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic [eastern part of the country] (1921–1939); Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1939–1941); Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Belarus [independent state] (1991– )	Belarus
Belgium	BEL	211	BE	BEL	56	BEL	148	Austrian Netherlands (1789–1795); Austrian Netherlands annexed by France (1795–1814); Belgian Provinces under Allied administration (1814–1815); Belgian Provinces incorporated into the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830); Kingdom of Belgium (1830–1914); Kingdom of Belgium under German occupation (1914–1918); Kingdom of Belgium (1918–1940); Kingdom of Belgium under German occupation (1940–1944); Kingdom of Belgium (1944– )	Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina	BOS	346	BA	BIH	70	BIH	150	Ottoman Empire (1900–1907); Austria/Austro-Hungarian Empire [ruled directly by Vienna but not part of either Austria or Hungary] (1907–1918); Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German and Croat occupation (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992); Republic of Bosnia Herzegovina on war for independence (1992–1995); Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina [independent state though not recognized by all countries] (1995– )	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria	BUL	355	BG	BGR	100	BGR	152	Danube Vilayet under Russian occupation (1877–1878); Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1885); Principality of Bulgaria [incorporates Eastern Rumelia] (1885); Principality of Bulgaria (1885–1908); Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1913); Kingdom of Bulgaria [without southern Dobruja] [incorporates Western Thrace] (1913–1916); Kingdom of Bulgaria [incorporates southern Dobruja] (1916–1918); Kingdom of Bulgaria [incorporates northern Dobruja] (1918–1919); Kingdom of Bulgaria (1919–1946); Bulgarian People’s Republic (1946–1990); Republic of Bulgaria (1990– )	Bulgaria
Croatia	CRO	344	HR	HRV	191	HRV	154	Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); formally independent state of Croatia [actually a Nazi puppet state, with German occupation] (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1991); Republic of Croatia (1991); Republic of Croatia on war for independence (1991–1995); Republic of Croatia [independent state] (1995– )	Croatia
Cyprus	CYP	352	CY	CYP	196	CYP	156	Ottoman Empire [not ruled directly] under British sphere of influence (1900–1918); Cyprus under British sphere of influence (1918–1925); Cyprus as a British crown colony (1925–1960); Republic of Cyprus [independent state] (1960–1974); Republic of Cyprus [northern part occupied by Turkey] (1974– )	Cyprus
Czech Republic	CZR	316	CZ	CZE	203	CZE	157	Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Czechoslovakia (1918–1939); Czechoslovakia under German occupation (1939–1945); Czechoslovakia (1945–1948); Czechoslovakia Socialist Republic as part of Soviet bloc (1948–1989); Czechoslovakia (1989–1990); Czecho-Slovakia (1990–1992); Czech Republic (1992– )	Czech Republic
Czechoslovakia	CZE	315	CS	CSK	200	CZE	157	Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Czechoslovakia (1918–1939); Czechoslovakia under German occupation (1939–1945); Czechoslovakia (1945–1948); Czechoslovakia Socialist Republic as part of Soviet bloc (1948–1989); Czechoslovakia (1989–1990)	Czechoslovakia
Denmark	DEN	390	DK	DNK	208	DNK	158	Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (1789–1814); Norway is ceded to Sweden (1814); Kingdom of Denmark (1815–1920); Kingdom of Denmark incorporates northern Schleswig (1920); Kingdom of Denmark (1920– )	Denmark
Estonia	EST	366	EE	EST	233	EST	161	Russian Empire (1900–1918); Estonian War of Independence [changing territorial control] (1918–1920); Russian Empire (1900–1918); Republic of Estonia [independent state] (1920–1940); Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941); Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Estonia [independent state] (1991– )	Estonia
Finland	FIN	375	FI	FIN	246	FIN	163	Part of the Kingdom of Sweden (1789–1809); Grand Duchy of Finland [autonomous] [personal union with Russia] (1809–1917); Finnish State (1917–1918); Kingdom of Finland (1918–1919); Republic of Finland (1919– )	Finland
France	FRN	220	FR	FRA	250	FRA	76	Kingdom of France (1789–1792); French First Republic (1792–1804); French Empire (1804– 1814; 1815); Kingdom of France (1815–1848); French Second Republic (1848–1852); French Empire (1852–1870); French Third Republic (1870–1940); French State [”Vichy regime”] (1940–1944); French Third Republic (1944–1947); French Fourth Republic (1947–1958); French Fifth Republic (1958– )	France
German Democratic Republic	GDR	265	DD	DDR	278	DDR	137	German empire (1900–1918); Weimar Republic (1918–1933); Third Reich (1933–1945); Third Reich under Russian occupation (1945–1949); German Democratic Republic (1949–1990); German Democratic Republic reunited with Federal Republic of Germany (1990)	German Democratic Republic
German Federal Republic	GFR	260	DE	DEU	276	DEU	77	Kingdom of Prussia (1789–1812); Kingdom of Prussia under French occupation (1812–1813); Kingdom of Prussia (1813–1867); North German Confederation (1867–1871); German Empire (1871–1918); Weimar Republic (1918–1933); Third Reich (1933–1945); Third Reich under Allied occupation (1945–1949); Federal Republic of Germany (1949– )	German Federal Republic
Germany	GMY	255				DEU	77	Kingdom of Prussia (1789–1812); Kingdom of Prussia under French occupation (1812–1813); Kingdom of Prussia (1813–1867); North German Confederation (1867–1871); German Empire (1871–1918); Weimar Republic (1918–1933); Third Reich (1933–1945); Third Reich under Allied occupation (1945–1949); Federal Republic of Germany (1949– )	Germany
Greece	GRC	350	GR	GRC	300	GRC	164	Greece (1822–1827); Hellenic State (1827–1833); Kingdom of Greece (1833–1864); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Ionian Islands] (1864); Kingdom of Greece (1864–1881); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Thessaly] (1881); Kingdom of Greece (1881–1913); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Crete, Macedonia and Epirus] (1913); Kingdom of Greece (1913–1914); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Aegean Islands except for Rhodes and Dodecanese] (1914); Kingdom of Greece (1914–1919); Kingdom of Greece [incorporates Smyrna] (1919–1922); Kingdom of Greece (1922–1924);Second Hellenic Republic (Greek Republic) (1924–1935); Kingdom of Greece (1935–1941); Greek State under Axis powers occupation (1941–1944); Kingdom of Greece [restored] (1944–1973); Third Hellenic Republic (Greek Republic) (1973– )	Greece
Hanover	HAN	240				HVR	357	Electorate of Hanover (1789–1803); Electorate of Hanover under French occupation (1803–1805); Electorate of Hanover under Prussian occupation (1805–1806); Electorate of Hanover under French occupation (1806–1810) Electorate of Hanover incorporated into Kingdom of Westphalia (1810–1813); Electorate of Hanover (1813–1814); Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866); annexed by Prussia (1866–1867); part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)	Hanover
Hesse Electoral	HSE	273				HKS	358	Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (1789–1803); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (1803–1806); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel under French Occupation (1806–1807); Kingdom of Westphalia (1807–1810); departments of Elbe-Inf´erieure, Nord, Weser, and part of Aller are annexed to France (1810); Kingdom of Westphalia (1810–1813); Kingdom of Westphalia [dissolved] (1813); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (1813–1866); Electorate of Hesse-Kassel incorporated into Prussia (1866–1867); Part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)	Hesse Electoral
Hesse Grand Ducal	HSG	275				HDM	359	Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (1789–1806); Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt (1806–1867); Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt as part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)	Hesse Grand Ducal
Hungary	HUN	310	HU	HUN	348	HUN	210	Kingdom of Hungary as an Austrian crownland (1789–1867); Hungarian ”half” of the Habsburg Empire [Transleithania] (1867–1918); Hungarian Democratic Republic (1918); Hungarian Soviet Republic (1918–1919); Hungarian Soviet Republic under Romanian occupation (1919–1920); Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1944); Kingdom of Hungary under German occupation (1944–1945); Kingdom of Hungary (1945–1946); Second Hungarian People Republic under Soviet guidance (1946–1989); Republic of Hungary [independent from Russian influence] (1989-2011); Hungary (2011– )	Hungary
Iceland	ICE	395	IS	ISL	352	ISL	168	Kingdom of Denmark (1900–1904); autonomous within Kingdom of Denmark (1904–18); Kingdom of Iceland [independent state] [personal union with Denmark] (1918–1940); Kingdom of Iceland under Allied occupation (1940–1944); Republic of Iceland (1944– )	Iceland
Ireland	IRE	205	IE	IRL	372	IRL	81	Part of the United Kingdom (1900–1919); Ireland [independence declared] (1919); Ireland as part of the United Kingdom (1919–1923); Ireland [independence recognized] (1923– )	Ireland
Italy	ITA	325	IT	ITA	380	ITA	82	Kingdom of Italy (1861–1866); Kingdom of Italy [incorporates Venice] (1866); Kingdom of Italy (1866–1870); Kingdom of Italy [incorporates Papal States] (1870); Kingdom of Italy (1870–1918); Kingdom of Italy [incorporates Tyrol and Triste] (1918); Kingdom of Italy (1918–1946); Italian Republic (1946– )	Italy
Kosovo	KOS	347	XK	XKX		XKX	43	Ottoman Empire (1900–1912); province of Serbia (1912–1918); Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Italian occupation (1941–1943); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Italian and German occupation (1943–1944); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1944–1992); State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–1999); Kosovo autonomous region under UN administration (1999-2008); Republic of Kosovo [self-declared independent state under European Union supervision] (2008– )	Kosovo
Latvia	LAT	367	LV	LVA	428	LVA	84	Russian Empire (1900–1918); Republic of Latvia [independence declared] (1918–1920); Republic of Latvia after Russian and German forces were repelled (1920); Republic of Latvia [independent state] (1920–1940); Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941); Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Latvia [independent state] (1991– )	Latvia
Liechtenstein	LIE	223	LI	LIE	438				Liechtenstein
Lithuania	LIT	368	LT	LTU	440	LTU	173	Russian Empire (1900–1918); Republic of Lithuania [independent state] (1918–1940); Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1941); Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Lituania [independent state] (1991– )	Lithuania
Luxembourg	LUX	212	LU	LUX	442	LUX	174	Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (1815); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City (1815–1830); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City under Belgium occupation (1830–1831); Luxembourg province annexed by Belgium (1831); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City under Belgium occupation (1831–1839); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City (1839–1842); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg joins German customs union [Zollverein] (1842); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] with Prussian soldiers stationed in Luxembourg City (1842–1867); Grand Duchy of Luxemburg [personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (1867–1890); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1890–1914); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg under German occupation (1914–1918); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1918–1919); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg leaves Zollverein (1919); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1919–1940); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg under German occupation (1940–1944); Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1944– )	Luxembourg
Macedonia	MAC	343	MK	MKD	807	MKD	176	Ottoman Empire (1900–1912); province of Serbia/Yugoslavia (1912–1992); Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia [independent state] (1991– )	Macedonia
Malta	MLT	338	MT	MLT	470			British Crown Colony of Malta (1900–1964); Republic of Malta [independent state] (1964-)	Malta
Mecklenburg Schwerin	MEC	280				MCL	360	Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1789–1815); Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815–1867); part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)	Mecklenburg Schwerin
Modena	MOD	332				MDN	351	Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1789–1796); part of Cispadane Republic (1796–1797); part of the Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802); part of the Italian Republic (1802–1805); part of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy (1805–1814); Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1814–1848); Duchy of Modena and Reggio administered by Piedmont-Sardinia (1848–1849); Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1849–1859);Duchy of Modena and Reggio [incorporates Massa and Carrara] (1859); part of the United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860); annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860)	Modena
Moldova	MLD	359	MD	MDA	498	MDA	126	Russian Empire (1900–1918); Greater Romania (1918–1940); annexed by Soviet Union (1940–1941); re-incorporated into Romania (1941–1944); Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Republic of Moldova [independent state] (1991– )	Moldova
Monaco	MNC	221	MC	MCO	492				Monaco
Montenegro	MNG	341	ME	MNE	499	MNE	183	Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (1789–1852); Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910); Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1913); Kingdom of Montenegro partitions Sanjak of Novi Pazar with Serbia (1913); Kingdom of Montenegro (1913–1915); Kingdom of Montenegro [Shkod¨er annexed] (1915–1916); Kingdom of Montenegro (1916); Kingdom of Montenegro under Austro-Hungarian occupation (1916–1918); Kingdom of Montenegro under Serbian occupation (1918); Kingdom of Montenegro unified with Serbia (1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Italian occupation (1941–1943); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German occupation (1943–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992-2003); State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006); Montenegro [independent state] (2006– )	Montenegro
Netherlands	NTH	210	NL	NLD	528	NLD	91	Republic of the United Netherlands (1789–1795); Republic of the United Netherlands under French occupation (1795–1796); Batavian Republic (1796); Batavian Republic under French occupation (1796–1805); Batavian Commonwealth (1805); Batavian Commonwealth under French occupation (1805–1806); Kingdom of Holland (1806); Kingdom of Holland under French occupation (1806–1810); Kingdom of Holland annexed by France (1810–1813); Republic of the United Netherlands (1813–1815); Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1940); Kingdom of the Netherlands under German occupation (1940–1945); Kingdom of the Netherlands (1945– )	Netherlands
Norway	NOR	385	NO	NOR	578	NOR	186	Part of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway (1789–1814); Kingdom of Norway [personal union with Sweden] (1814–1905); Kingdom of Norway [independent state] (1905– )	Norway
Papal States	PAP	327	VA	VAT	336	PPS	361	Papal States (1789–1798); the Roman Republic (1798–1800); Papal States (1800–1809); Papal States annexed by France (1809–1814); Papal States (1814–1849); the Roman Republic (1849); Papal States (1849–1860); Papal States [Romagna, Umbria, the Marches, Benevento and Pontecorvo annexed by Sardinia] (1860); Papal States (1860–1870)	Papal States
Parma	PMA	335				PRM	352	Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1789–1802); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza administered by France (1802–1808); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza annexed by France (1808–1814); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1814–1859); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza administered by Piedmont-Sardinia (1859–1860); Duchy of Parma and Piacenza annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860)	Parma
Poland	POL	290	PL	POL	616	POL	17	Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1789–1793); second partition of Poland (1793); Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793–1795); third Partition of Poland (1795); Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815); Congress Poland [personal union with Russia] (1815–1832); Congress Poland [incorporated into the Russian Empire] (1832–1867); autonomy retracted (1867); Second Polish Commonwealth (1918–1939); Second Polish Commonwealth partitioned by the USSR and Germany (1939–1941); Second Polish Commonwealth under German occupation (1941–1944); Republic of Poland (1944–1952); People’s Republic of Poland (1952–1990); Third Polish Commonwealth (1990– )	Poland
Portugal	POR	235	PT	PRT	620	PRT	21	Kingdom of Portugal (1789–1807); Kingdom of Portugal under French occupation (1807–1808); Kingdom of Portugal (1808–1910); Portuguese Republic (1910– )	Portugal
Romania	ROM	360	RO	ROU	642	ROU	190	Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty under Austrian occupation (1789–1791); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1791–1807); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1807–1812); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1812–1821); Principality of Wallachia under direct Ottoman rule (1821–1822); Principality ofWallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1822–1828); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1828–1829); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation [incorporation of the Ottoman Rayas north of the Danube] (1829); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1829–1834); Principality of Wallachia as a Russian protectorate (1834–1853); Principality of Wallachia under Russian occupation (1853– 1854); Principality of Wallachia as a Russian protectorate (1854); Principality of Wallachia under Austrian occupation (1854–1856); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty (1856–1859); Principality of Wallachia under Ottoman suzerainty [personal union with Moldavia] (1859–1861); Principality of Wallachia [personal union with Moldavia] (1861–1862); United Romanian Principalities (1862–1866); Romania (1866–1878); Romania [incorporation of northern Dobruja] [after three districts in southern Bessarabia ceded to Russia] (1878–1881); Kingdom of Romania (1881–1913); Kingdom of Romania [southern Dobruja annexed] (1913–1916); Kingdom of Romania under Central Powers occupation (1916); Kingdom of Romania (1916–1918); Kingdom of Romania [loses Dobruja to Bulgaria] [incorporates Bessarabia] (1918); Kingdom of Romania (1918–1919); Kingdom of Romania [incorporates Dobruja, Bukovina and Transylvania] (1919); Kingdom of Romania (1919–1944); Kingdom of Romania under Soviet occupation (1944–1947); People’s Republic of Romania (1947–1965); Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989); Romania (1989– )	Romania
Russia	RUS	365	RU	RUS	643	RUS	11	Russian Empire (1789–1917); Russia (1917–1918); Russian Socialist Federative Republic (USSR) (1918–1991); Russian Federation (1991– )	Russia
San Marino	SNM	331	SM	SMR	674				San Marino
Saxony	SAX	269				SXN	353	Duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach enter a personal union (1809–1867); part of North German Confederation (1867–1871)	Saxony
Slovakia	SLO	317	SK	SVK	703	SVK	201	Hungary/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918) [this refers to the Hungarian part of the Empire, which was ruled separately from the Austrian part]; Czechoslovakia (1918–1939); Slovak Republic (1939–1945); Slovak Republic under German occupation (1944–1945); Czecho-Slovakia (1945–1992); Slovak Republic [independent state] (1993– )	Slovakia
Slovenia	SLV	349	SI	SVN	705	SVN	202	Austria/Austro-Hungarian Empire (1900–1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German occupation (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Republic of Slovenia [independent state] (1991– )	Slovenia
Spain	SPN	230	ES	ESP	724	ESP	96	Kingdom of Spain (1789–1808); Kingdom of Spain under French occupation (1808–1812); Catalonia annexed by France (1812–1813); Kingdom of Spain under French occupation (1813); Kingdom of Spain (1813–1873); Spanish Republic (1873); Kingdom of Spain (1873–1931); Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939); Spanish State (1939–1975); Kingdom of Spain (1975– )	Spain
Sweden	SWD	380	SE	SWE	752	SWE	5	Kingdom of Sweden (1789–1809); Kingdom of Sweden [Finland and Åland annexed by Russia] (1809); Kingdom of Sweden (1809– )	Sweden
Switzerland	SWZ	225	CH	CHE	756	CHE	6	Swiss Confederation [no central government] (1789–1798); Helvetic Republic under French occupation (1798–1803); Swiss Confederation (1803); Swiss Confederation under French occupation (1803–1814); Swiss Confederation (1814– )	Switzerland
Tuscany	TUS	337				TSC	354	Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1789–1799); Etruscan Republic under French occupation(1799); Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1799–1801); Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807); Kingdom of Etruria annexed to France (1807–1814); Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1814–1847); Grand Duchy of Tuscany [incorporates Lucca] (1847); Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1847–1859); Grand Duchy of Tuscany joins Modena, Parma and Piacenza to form United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860); annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860); autonomous (1860–1861)	Tuscany
Two Sicilies	SIC	329				TWS	356	Kingdom of Naples (1789–1816); united with Sicily to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816–1848); Kingdom of Sicily breaks away (1848–1849); Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1849–1860); Two Sicilies annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia (1860)	Two Sicilies
Ukraine	UKR	369	UA	UKR	804	UKR	100	Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires (1900–1917); divided between Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, USSR (1917–1919); Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1941); Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic under German occupation (1941–1944); Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1991); Ukraine (1991– )	Ukraine
United Kingdom	UKG	200	GB	GBR	826	GBR	101	Great Britain (1789–1801); United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922); United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922– )	United Kingdom
Wuertemberg	WRT	271				WRG	355	Duchy of Würtemberg (1789–1803); Electorate Würtemberg (1803–1806); Kingdom of Würtemberg (1806–1871)	Wuerttemburg
Yugoslavia	YUG	345	RS	SRB	890	SRB	198	Serbia [under First Serbian Uprising] (1804–1813); direct Ottoman rule (1813–1815); Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty (1815–1867); Principality of Serbia after evacuation of Kalemegdan fortress in Belgrade by the Ottomans (1867); Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty (1867–1878); Principality of Serbia [incorporates Nish] (1878); Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty (1878–1882); Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1915); Kingdom of Serbia under Central Powers occupation (1915–1918); Kingdom of Serbia unified with Montenegro (1918); Kingdom of Serbia unified with the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918); Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941); Kingdom of Yugoslavia under German occupation (1941–1945); Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992); Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992-2003); State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006); Republic of Serbia (2006– )	Yugoslavia

COW State Name	COW State Abbreviation	COW Numeric Code	ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code	ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code	ISO 3166 Numeric code	V-Dem Country Text ID	V-Dem Country ID	V-Dem Historical Names	Wikipedia

Oceania

COW State Name	COW State Abbreviation	COW Numeric Code	ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code	ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code	ISO 3166 Numeric code	V-Dem Country Text ID	V-Dem Country ID	V-Dem Historical Names	Wikipedia

Sources

STIL noch APA anpassen!!!

• Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, Vlad Ciobanu, and Moa Olin. 2018. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.
• Correlates of War Project. 2016. “State System Membership List, v2016.”