Difference between revisions of "Country codes"
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== Definition and Discussion == | == Definition and Discussion == | ||
COW and V-Dem show a huge overlap in defining entities. For COW, an entity must have "a resonable degree of autonomy". For V-Dem, an entity must be an "effective governance unit". | COW and V-Dem show a huge overlap in defining entities. For COW, an entity must have "a resonable degree of autonomy". For V-Dem, an entity must be an "effective governance unit". | ||
| − | Further criteria apply e.g. population size, diplomatic missions, or continuity with a contemporary nation-state. | + | Further criteria apply e.g. population size, diplomatic missions, or continuity with a contemporary nation-state. They partly differ regarding the treatment of successor or predecessor states. V-Dem's country codes aim at providing a consistent time series whereas COW usually treats states as "fixed". For example, COW assigns three codes to Korea, North Korea and South Korea; V-Dem subsumes Korea and South Korea under one code. Data in WeSIS is matched on several IDs and thus allows for a flexible case selection reflecting user's needs. |
| + | |||
'''Disclaimer''': The inclusion of an entity in WeSIS is based on scientific and analytical grounds. This precludes any judgments about which territories qualify as countries. For this reason, recognizing entities in WeSIS should not be interpreted as judgments about sovereign claims to disputed territories. | '''Disclaimer''': The inclusion of an entity in WeSIS is based on scientific and analytical grounds. This precludes any judgments about which territories qualify as countries. For this reason, recognizing entities in WeSIS should not be interpreted as judgments about sovereign claims to disputed territories. | ||
| − | |||
== Africa == | == Africa == | ||
Revision as of 09:40, 27 June 2018
This page lists all 2XX "countries" included in WeSIS and their numeric codes. Defining a country, political unit or a state member of the international system is challenging. In order to ensure cross-comparability to other major data collections in the social sciences, we rely on the Corrrelates of War project (COW) complemented by the V-Dem project (V-Dem).
Contents
Definition and Discussion
COW and V-Dem show a huge overlap in defining entities. For COW, an entity must have "a resonable degree of autonomy". For V-Dem, an entity must be an "effective governance unit". Further criteria apply e.g. population size, diplomatic missions, or continuity with a contemporary nation-state. They partly differ regarding the treatment of successor or predecessor states. V-Dem's country codes aim at providing a consistent time series whereas COW usually treats states as "fixed". For example, COW assigns three codes to Korea, North Korea and South Korea; V-Dem subsumes Korea and South Korea under one code. Data in WeSIS is matched on several IDs and thus allows for a flexible case selection reflecting user's needs.
Disclaimer: The inclusion of an entity in WeSIS is based on scientific and analytical grounds. This precludes any judgments about which territories qualify as countries. For this reason, recognizing entities in WeSIS should not be interpreted as judgments about sovereign claims to disputed territories.
Africa
| COW State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angola | ANG | 540 | AO | AGO | 24 | AGO | 104 | Portuguese Angola [colony, borders fixed and administration extended into the hinterland] (1900–1951); Overseas Province of Angola (1951–1975); Independent state (1975– ) | Angola |
| Benin | BEN | 434 | BJ | BEN | 204 | BEN | 52 | French Dahomey [colony within French West Africa] (1900–1958); Republic of Dahomey [autonomous] (1958–1960); Republic of Benin [independent state] (1960– ) | Benin |
| Botswana | BOT | 571 | BW | BWA | 72 | BWA | 68 | Bechuanaland Protectorate (1900–1966); Republic of Botswana [independent state] (1966-) | Botswana |
| Burkina Faso | BFO | 439 | BF | BFA | 854 | BFA | 54 | Colonial territory of Upper Volta [part of French West Africa][formed from territories previously belonging to Upper Senegal, Niger and Ivory Coast] (1919–1932); Colonial territory of Upper Volta [dissolved][territories administered by Ivory Coast, French Sudan, and Niger] (1932–1947); Colonial territory of Upper Volta [reconstituted][part of the French Union with previous boundaries] (1947); Colonial territory of Upper Volta (1947–1958); Republic of Upper Volta [self-governing within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Upper Volta [independent state] (1960–1984); Burkina Faso (1984– ) | Burkina Faso |
| Burundi | BUI | 516 | BI | BDI | 108 | BDI | 69 | Part of German East Africa (1900–1916); Ruandi-Urundi (1916–1962); Republic of Burundi [independent state] (1962– ) | Burundi |
| Cameroon | CAO | 471 | CM | CMR | 120 | CMR | 108 | German colony of Kamerun (1900–1919); Cameroon under dual League of Nations mandates [under France and Britain] (1919–1946); Cameroon [converted to UN trusteeships9 (1946–1960); Republic of Cameroon [French portion] [independent state] (1960); Republic of Cameroon and British Cameroon (1960–1961); Federal Republic of Cameroon [independent state] [Republic of Cameroon merged with southern part of British Cameroons] (1961); Republic of Cameroon (1961–1972); United Republic of Cameroon (1972–1984); Republic of Cameroon (1984-) | Cameroon |
| Cape Verde | CAP | 402 | CV | CPV | 132 | CPV | 70 | Colony of Portugal (1900–1951); overseas province of Portugal (1951–1975); Republic of Cape Verde [independent state] (1975– ) | Cape Verde |
| Central African Republic | CEN | 482 | CF | CAF | 140 | CAF | 71 | Oubangui-Chari established as French administration [also known as Ubangi-Shari] (1903); Oubangui-Chari as part of the French Congo (1903–1906); Oubangui-Chari merged with Chad (1906); Oubangui-Chari as part of the French Congo (1906–1910); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad as part of the French Equatorial Africa [successor of French Congo] (1910–1911); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] under German occupation in its western part (1911–1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] [reoccupied by France] (1914–1920); Oubangi-Chari [autonomous unit, separated from Tchad] (1920); Oubangi-Chari [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1920–1946); Oubangi-Chari [overseas territory of the French Union] (1946–1958); Central African Republic [selfrule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Central African Republic [independent state] (1960–1976); Central African Empire (1976–1979); Central African Republic (1979–) | Central African Republic |
| Chad | CHA | 483 | TD | TCD | 148 | TCD | 109 | Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad (1900–1910); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad joins French Equatorial Africa] (1910–1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [terrytory’s pacification of present-day state complete] (1914); Oubangi-Chari-Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1914–1920); Tchad [part of French Equatorial Africa] (1920–1946); Tchad [overseas territory of France] (1946–1958); Chad as a member of the Union of Central African Republics [self-rule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Chad [independent state] (1960– ) | Chad |
| Comoros | COM | 581 | KM | COM | 174 | COM | 153 | French Protectorate of the Comoros (1900–1912); Mayotte and Dependencies (1912–1914); Comoros subordinated to Madagascar (1914–1946); Comoros as a French overseas territory (1946–1975); Union of the Comoros [independent state] (1975– ) | Comoros |
| Congo | CON | 484 | CG | COG | 178 | COG | 112 | Middle Congo (1903–1910); Middle Congo (1903–1910); Middle Congo as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1910–1934); Middle Congo under direct administration of the governor-general of French Equatorial Africa (1934); Middle Congo as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1934–1958); Middle Congo as a member of the newly formed Union of Central African Republics (1958–1958); Congo Republic as a member of the newly formed Union of Central African Republics (1958–1960); Congo Republic [independent state] (1960); Congo Republic (1960–1970); People’s Republic of the Congo (1970–1991); Republic of the Congo (1991– ) | Congo |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | DRC | 490 | CD | COD | 180 | COD | 111 | Congo Free State [property of King Leopold of Belgium] (1900–1908); Belgian colony of Belgian Congo (1908–1960); Republic of Congo [independent state] [also known as Congo-Leopoldville] (1960–1965); Democratic Republic of Congo (1965–1971); Republic of Zaire (1971–1997); Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997– ) | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Djibouti | DJI | 522 | DJ | DJI | 262 | DJI | 113 | French colony of French Somaliland (1900–1967); Territoire Francais des Afars et des Issas (1967–1977); Republic of Djibouti [independent state], (1977– ) | Djibouti |
| Equatorial Guinea | EQG | 411 | GQ | GNQ | 226 | GNQ | 160 | Colony of Rio Muni, Colony of Elobey, Annobon and Corisco, and Island of Bioko [autonomous from one another] [under Spanish rule] (1900–1926); Colony of Spanish Guinea (1926–1959); Provinces of the Spanish Equatorial Region (1959–1963); Equatorial Guinea [autonomous community] (1963–1968); Republic of Equatorial Guinea [independent state] (1968– ) | Equatorial Guinea |
| Eritrea | ERI | 531 | ER | ERI | 232 | ERI | 115 | Italian colony (1900–1936); Eritrea as a province of Italian East Africa (1936–1941); Eritrea under British occupation [administered under the terms of a UN mandate] (1941–1951); Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea (1952–1962); Eritrea as a territory within Ethiopia (1962–1993); State of Eritrea [independent state] (1993– ) | Eritrea |
| Ethiopia | ETH | 530 | ET | ETH | 231 | ETH | 38 | Empire of Ethiopia (1789–1936); Empire of Ethiopia under Italian occupation (1936–1941); Empire of Ethiopia (1941–1974); Socialist Ethiopia (1974–1991); Socialist Ethiopia [transition phase] (1991–1995); Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995– ) | Ethiopia |
| Gabon | GAB | 481 | GA | GAB | 266 | GAB | 116 | Gabon under French sphere of influence (1900–1910); Gabon as part of the French Equatorial Africa (1910–1958); Gabon as a member of the Union of Central African Republics (1958–1960); Gabonese Republic [independent state] (1960–) | Gabon |
| Gambia | GAM | 420 | GM | GMB | 270 | GMB | 117 | British Crown Colony of the Gambia (1900–1965); The Gambia [independent state] (1965); The Gambia [republic within the Commonwealth] (1965–1970); Republic of the Gambia (1970– ) | Gambia |
| Ghana | GHA | 452 | GH | GHA | 288 | GHA | 7 | Gold Coast Colony (1900–1902); Gold Cost Colony [consisting of the coastal regions] (1902–1919); Gold Coast Colony [joined by part of German Togoland] (1919); Gold Coast Colony [conquered territory of Asante, Northern territories protectorates ruled by a single governor] (1919–1946); Gold Coast Colony (1946–1956); Gold Coast Colony [joined by British Togoland and protectorates] (1956); Gold Coast Colony (1956–1957); Republic of Ghana (1957– ) | Ghana |
| Guinea | GUI | 438 | GN | GIN | 324 | GIN | 63 | French Guinea [part of French West Africa] (1900–1958); Republic of Guinea [independent state] (1958– ) | Guinea |
| Guinea-Bissau | GNB | 404 | GW | GNB | 624 | GNB | 119 | Colony of Portuguese Guinea (1900–1973); Republic of Guinea Bissau [independent state] (1973– ) | Guinea-Bissau |
| Ivory Coast | CDI | 437 | CI | CIV | 384 | CIV | 64 | Ivory Coast as a French colony (1900–1904); Ivory Coast [part of French West Africa] (1904–1958); Ivory Coast [member of French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Cˆote d’Ivoire [independent state] (1960–) | Ivory Coast |
| Kenya | KEN | 501 | KE | KEN | 404 | KEN | 40 | East Africa Protectorate (1900–1920); British colony of Kenya (1920–1963); Republic of Kenya [independent state] (1963– ) | Kenya |
| Lesotho | LES | 570 | LS | LSO | 426 | LSO | 85 | British Protectorate of Basutoland (1900–1966); Kingdom of Lesotho [independent state] (1966– ) | Lesotho |
| Liberia | LBR | 450 | LR | LBR | 430 | LBR | 86 | Cape Mesurado Colony (1821–1824); Colony of Liberia (1824–1839); Commonwealth of Liberia (1839–1847); Republic of Liberia (1847– ) | Liberia |
| Madagascar | MAG | 580 | MG | MDG | 450 | MDG | 125 | Kingdom of Imerina (1817–1896); Kingdom of Imerina under French Protectorate (1896–1897); French colony of Madagascar (1897–1958); Malagasy Republic [self-rule within the French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Madagascar [independent state] (1960– ) | Madagascar |
| Malawi | MAW | 553 | MW | MWI | 454 | MWI | 87 | British colony of Nyasaland (1900–1953); Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation [consolidated with Rhodesia (North and South)] (1953–1963); British colony of Nyasaland (1963–1964); Republic of Malawi [independent state] (1964– ) | Malawi |
| Mali | MLI | 432 | ML | MLI | 466 | MLI | 28 | French Sudan/Sudanese Republic (1900–1958); Mali Federation (1958–1960), Republic of Mali (1960– ) | Mali |
| Mauritania | MAA | 435 | MR | MRT | 478 | MRT | 65 | Mauritania as a French colony (1900–1904); Mauritania as a French colony [boundaries established] (1904–1912); Mauritania as a French colony [fully pacified] (1912); Mauritania as a French colony (1912–1920); Mauritania [member of French West Africa] (1920–1958); Republic of Mauritania [within the French Community]; Islamic Republic of Mauritania [independent state] (1960– ) | Mauritania |
| Mauritius | MAS | 590 | MU | MUS | 480 | MUS | 180 | Mauritius as a British colony (1900–1968); Republic of Mauritius [independent state] (1968-) | Mauritius |
| Mozambique | MZM | 541 | MZ | MOZ | 508 | MOZ | 57 | Portuguese colony (1900–1975); Independent state (1975– ) | Mozambique |
| Namibia | NAM | 565 | NA | NAM | 516 | NAM | 127 | German Southwest Africa (1900–1915); Southwest Africa as a South African colony (1915–1989); Republic of Namibia [independent state] (1990– ) | Namibia |
| Niger | NIR | 436 | NE | NER | 562 | NER | 60 | Niger under French influence (1900–1922); Niger as a French colony (1922–1958); Niger [self-rule within French Community] (1958–1960); Republic of Niger [independent state] (1960– ) | Niger |
| Nigeria | NIG | 475 | NG | NGA | 566 | NGA | 45 | Protectorate of Northern Nigeria and the Niger Coast Protectorate/ Protectorate of Southern Nigeria [divided] (1900–1914); Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria [unified] (1914–1960); Federal Republic of Nigeria [independent state] (1960– ) | Nigeria |
| Rwanda | RWA | 517 | RW | RWA | 646 | RWA | 129 | Part of German East Africa (1900–1916); Ruanda-Urundi (1916–1962); Republic of Rwanda [independent state] (1962– ) | Rwanda |
| Sao Tome and Principe | STP | 403 | ST | STP | 678 | STP | 196 | Portuguese colony (1900–1975); Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe [independent state] (1975– ) | Sao Tome and Principe |
| Senegal | SEN | 433 | SN | SEN | 686 | SEN | 31 | French colony of Senegal (1904–1959); Mali Federation (1959–1960); Senegal [independent state] (1960–1982); Senegambia (1982–1989); Republic of Senegal (1989– ) | Senegal |
| Seychelles | SEY | 591 | SC | SYC | 690 | SYC | 199 | Seychelles as a British crown colony (1903–1976); Republic of the Seychelles [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1976– ) | Seychelles |
| Sierra Leone | SIE | 451 | SL | SLE | 694 | SLE | 95 | Sierra Leone British colony (1900–1924); Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate [each with separate legislatures] (1924–1953); Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate [self-rule] (1953–1961); Republic of Sierra Leone [independent state] (1961– ) | Sierra Leone |
| Somalia | SOM | 520 | SO | SOM | 706 | SOM | 130 | Somalia under formal Italian control over most of the territory [except British Somaliland] (1900–1910 ); Somalia under effective (more or less) Italian control (1910–1941); Somalia under British occupation (1941–1950); UN Trust Territory of Somalia under Italian administration (1950–1960); Somali Republic [unites Somaliland with the Trust Territory of Somalia] (1960–1969); Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991); Somali Democratic Republic [civil war] (1991-2004); Transitional Federal Government [civil war] (2004-2012); Federal Government of Somalia [civil war] (2012– ) | Somalia |
| South Africa | SAF | 560 | ZA | ZAF | 710 | ZAF | 8 | South Africa as a British colony (1900–1910); Union of South Africa (1910–1931); Union of South Africa [independent state] (1931–1961); Union of South Africa [exits the Commonwealth] (1961); Republic of South Africa (1961– ) | South Africa |
| South Sudan | SSD | 626 | SS | SSD | 728 | SSD | 32 | Sudan (1900-2011); Republic of South Sudan [independent state] (2011– ) | South Sudan |
| Sudan | SUD | 625 | SD | SDN | 729 | SDN | 33 | British colony under auspices of Anglo-Egyptian condominium (1900–1956); Republic of the Sudan [independent state] (1956–) | Sudan |
| Swaziland | SWA | 572 | SZ | SWZ | 748 | SWZ | 132 | Swaziland under British protectorate (1900–1968); Kingdom of Swaziland [independent state] (1968– ) | Swaziland |
| Tanzania | TAZ | 510 | TZ | TZA | 834 | TZA | 47 | Part of German East Africa (1900–1914); Tanganyika and Zanzibar [governed separately] under British League of Nations mandate (1914–1961); Tanganyika [independent state] and Zanzibar under British League of Nations mandate (1961–1964); Tanzania [Zanzibar joins Tanganyika][independent state] (1964– ) | Tanzania |
| Togo | TOG | 461 | TG | TGO | 768 | TGO | 134 | German protectorate (1900–1905); German colony of Togoland (1905–1916); Togoland under French and British administration [split into two League of Nations mandates] (1916–1946); Togoland under French and British administration [U.N. Trust Territories] (1946–1956); British Togoland joins Gold Coast, French Togoland continues a U.N. Trust Territory (1956–1959); British Togolando [joined with Gold Coast], French Togoland [autonomous republic within the French Union] (1959–1960); Togolese Republic [independent state] (1960– ) | Togo |
| Uganda | UGA | 500 | UG | UGA | 800 | UGA | 50 | Uganda as a British protectorate (1900–1914); Uganda as a British protectorate [final shape achieved] (1914); Uganda as a British protectorate (1914–1962); Republic of Uganda [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1962– ) | Uganda |
| Zambia | ZAM | 551 | ZM | ZMB | 894 | ZMB | 61 | North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia [British colonies] (1900–1911); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia merged] (1911–1923); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [significant self-rule] (1923); Colony of Northern Rhodesia (1923–1953); Colony of Northern Rhodesia [concolidated with Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation] (1953–1963); Colony of Northern Rhodesia (1963–1964); Republic of Zambia [independent state] (1964– ) | Zambia |
| Zanzibar | ZAN | 511 | ZZB | 236 | Sultanate of Zanzibar [independent] (1856–1885); Sultanate of Zanzibar under German protectorate (1885–1890); Sultanate of Zanzibar under British protectorate (1890–1963); Sultanate of Zanzibar [independent] (1963–1964); People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba (1964); People’s Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba [joins Tanganyika to form Tanzania as a semi-autonomous region](1964) | Sultanate of Zanzibar People's Republic of Zanzibar | |||
| Zimbabwe | ZIM | 552 | ZW | ZWE | 716 | ZWE | 62 | British colony of Southern Rhodesia (1900–1923); British Colony of Southern Rhodesia [self-governing] (1923–1953); British Colony of Southern Rhodesia [consolidated with Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland/Central African Federation] (1953–1964); Rhodesia [independent state] (1964); Rhodesia (1964–1979); Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979–1980); Republic of Zimbabwe (1980– ) | Zimbabwe |
Americas
| COW State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antigua & Barbuda | AAB | 58 | AG | ATG | 28 | Antigua and Barbuda as a British colony (1900–1981); Antigua and Barbuda [independent state] (1981– ) | Antigua & Barbuda | ||
| Argentina | ARG | 160 | AR | ARG | 32 | ARG | 37 | Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (1789–1810); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (1810–1811); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata [Paraguay secedes] (1811); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (1811–1820); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata [Uruguay annexed to Brazil] (1820–1825); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata [Bolivia secedes] (1825); United Provinces of Rio de la Plata (1825–1831); Argentine Confederation (1831–1852); Argentine Confederation [Buenos Aires secedes] (1852–1861); Argentine Nation/Republic (1861– ) | Argentina |
| Bahamas | BHM | 31 | BS | BHS | 44 | Bahamas as a British colony (1900–1973); Commonwealth of the Bahamas [independent state] (1973– ) | Bahamas | ||
| Barbados | BAR | 53 | BB | BRB | 52 | BRB | 147 | Barbados as a British colony (1900–1966); Barbados [independent state] (1966– ) | Barbados |
| Belize | BLZ | 80 | BZ | BLZ | 84 | British colony of British Honduras (1900–1964); British colony of British Honduras [granted self-government] (1964); British colony of British Honduras (1964–1973); Belize (1973–1981); Belize [independent state] (1981– ) | Belize | ||
| Bolivia | BOL | 145 | BO | BOL | 68 | BOL | 25 | Bolivar Republic (1825–1826); Bolivia (1826–1836); Bolivia [part of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation] (1836–1839); Bolivia (1839–1867); Bolivia [incorporates Acre] (1867); Bolivia (1867–1868); Republic of Bolivia (1868–1883); Republic of Bolivia [Pacific coastline lost to Chile] (1883); Republic of Bolivia (1883–1899); Republic of Bolivia [Acre independent] (1899–1900); Republic of Bolivia [Acre returns to Bolivia] (1900–1904); Republic of Bolivia [Acre sold to Brazil] (1904); Republic of Bolivia (1904-2009); Plurinational State of Bolivia (2009– ) | Bolivia |
| Brazil | BRA | 140 | BR | BRA | 76 | BRA | 19 | Viceroyalty of Brazil (1789–1814); Kingdom of Brazil [part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves] (1815–1820); Kingdom of Brazil [incorporates Uruguay] (1820–1822); Empire of Brazil (1822); Empire of Brazil [Uruguay incorporated] (1822–1825); Empire of Brazil (1825–1889); Republic of the United States of Brazil (1889–1904); Republic of the United States of Brazil [incorporates Acre] (1904); Republic of the United States of Brazil (1904–1968); Federative Republic of Brazil (1968– ) | Brazil |
| Canada | CAN | 20 | CA | CAN | 124 | CAN | 66 | United Province of Canada (1841–1867); Dominion of Canada (1867– ) | Canada |
| Chile | CHL | 155 | CL | CHL | 152 | CHL | 72 | Captaincy General of Chile (1789–1818); Republic of Chile (1818–1883); Republic of Chile [incorporates Bolivian Pacific Coast] (1883); Republic of Chile (1883–1888); Republic of Chile [incorporates Easter Island] (1888); Republic of Chile (1888– ) | Chile |
| Colombia | COL | 100 | CO | COL | 170 | COL | 15 | Viceroyalty of New Granada (1789–1811); Federated Provinces of New Grenada (1811–1812); United Provinces of New Grenada (1812–1819); Republic of Colombia [Gran Colombia] (1819–1903); Republic of Colombia [Panama secedes] (1903); Repulic of Colombia (1903– ) | Colombia |
| Costa Rica | COS | 94 | CR | CRI | 188 | CRI | 73 | State of Costa Rica (1838–1844); Free State of Costa Rica (1844–1847); State of Costa Rica (1847–1848); Republic of Costa Rica (1848– ) | Costa Rica |
| Cuba | CUB | 40 | CU | CUB | 192 | CUB | 155 | Spanish Captaincy-general of Cuba (1789–1898); US colony of Cuba (1898–1902); Republic of Cuba (1902– ) | Cuba |
| Dominica | DMA | 54 | DM | DMA | 212 | Dominica as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); British colony (1962–1967); Dominica [associated state of the UK with self-determination over domestic policy] (1967–1978); Dominica [independent state] (1978– ) | Dominica | ||
| Dominican Republic | DOM | 42 | DO | DOM | 214 | DOM | 114 | Spanish colony of Santo Domingo (1789–1801); Spanish colony of Santo Domingo under Haitian occupation (1801–1802); Colony of Santo Domingo under French administration (1802–1809); Colony of Santo Domingo under Spanish rule (1809–1822); Colony of Santo Domingo [annexed to Haiti] (1822–1844); Dominican Republic [independent state] (1844); Dominican Republic (1844–1861); Spanish Colony of Santo Domingo (1861–1863); Dominican Republic (1863–1916 ); Dominican Republic under US occupation(1916–1924); Dominican Republic (1924–1965); Dominican Republic under US occupation (1965–1966); Dominican Republic (1966– ) | Dominican Republic |
| Ecuador | ECU | 130 | EC | ECU | 218 | ECU | 75 | State of Ecuador (1830–1832); State of Ecuador [Galapagos Islands annexed] (1832); State of Ecuador (1832–1835);Republic of Ecuador (1835– ) | Ecuador |
| El Salvador | SAL | 92 | SV | SLV | 222 | SLV | 22 | State of Salvador [nominally part of the Central American Republic] (1838–1840); State of Salvador (1840–1859); Republic of Salvador (1859–1898); Republic of El Salvador (1898– ) | El Salvador |
| Grenada | GRN | 55 | GD | GRD | 308 | Grenada as a British colony (1900–1958); British colony under the West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Grenada as a British colony (1962–1967); Grenada [associated state of the UK with selfdetermination over domestic policy] (1967–1974); Grenada [independent state] (1974–1983); Grenada under US occupation (1983); Grenada [independent state] (1983-) | Grenada | ||
| Guatemala | GUA | 90 | GT | GTM | 320 | GTM | 78 | Captaincy-general of Guatemala [subordinated to New Spain] (1789–1821); United Provinces of Central America (1821–1822); United Provinces of Central America incorporated into Mexico (1822–1823); United Provinces of Central America (1823–1838); Republic of Guatemala (1838– ) | Guatemala |
| Guyana | GUY | 110 | GY | GUY | 328 | GUY | 166 | Guyana as a British colony (1900–1966); Guyana [independent state within the Commonwealth] (1966–1970); Co-operative Republic of Guyana (1970– ) | Guyana |
| Haiti | HAI | 41 | HT | HTI | 332 | HTI | 26 | Colony of Saint-Domingue (1789–1804); Empire of Haiti (1804–1806); Republic of Haiti [South] (1806–1820); Republic of Haiti [incorporates North Haiti] (1820); Republic of Haiti (1820–1822); Republic of Haiti [incorporates Santo Domingo/Dominican Republic] (1822–1844); Republic of Haiti after Dominican Republic secedes (1844–1849); Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1858); Republic of Haiti (1858–1914); Republic of Haiti under US occupation and protectorate (1914–1936); Republic of Haiti (1936– )).[South] (1806-1820) / Republic of Haiti [incorporates Santo-Domingo/Dominican Republic] (1822-1844) / Republic of Haiti after Dominican Republic secedes (1844-1849) / Republic of Haiti under US occupation and protectorate (1914-1936) / Second Empire of Haiti (1849-1858) | Haiti |
| Honduras | HON | 91 | HN | HND | 340 | HND | 27 | State of Honduras (1838–1865); Republic of Honduras (1865–1907); Republic of Honduras under US occupation or protectorate (1907); Republic of Honduras (1907–1911); Republic of Honduras under US occupation or protectorate (1911–1919); Republic of Honduras (1919–1924); Republic of Honduras under US occupation or protectorate (1924–1925); Republic of Honduras (1925– ) | Honduras |
| Jamaica | JAM | 51 | JM | JAM | 388 | JAM | 120 | Jamaica as a British colony (1900–1962); Jamaica [independent state] (1962– ) | Jamaica |
| Mexico | MEX | 70 | MX | MEX | 484 | MEX | 3 | Viceroyalty of New Spain (1789–1821); Mexican Empire (1821–1823); Provisional Government (1823–1824); United States of Mexico (1824–1835); Mexican Republic [Including Texas](1935–1836); Mexican Republic (1835–1846); United Mexican States (1846–1848); United Mexican States [”Mexican cession” territory ceded to the US](1848); United Mexican States (1848–1853); United Mexican States [”Gadsden purchase” territory ceded to the US] (1953); United Mexican States (1853–1863); Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867); United Mexican States (1867– ) | Mexico |
| Nicaragua | NIC | 93 | NI | NIC | 558 | NIC | 59 | State of Nicaragua (1838–1854); Republic of Nicaragua (1854–1909); Republic of Nicaragua under US Protectorate (1909–1910); Republic of Nicaragua under US occupation (1910); Republic of Nicaragua under US protectorate (1910–1912); Republic of Nicaragua under US occupation (1912–1913); Republic of Nicaragua under US Protectorate (1913–1920); Republic of Nicaragua (1920-) | Nicaragua |
| Panama | PAN | 95 | PA | PAN | 591 | PAN | 92 | Province of Colombia (1900–1903); Republic of Panama [independent state though under influence of United States, which had special rights to the canal zone] (1903–1979); Republic of Panama [independent state] (1979–1989); Republic of Panama under US incursion (1989); Republic of Panama [independent state] (1989– ) | Panama |
| Paraguay | PAR | 150 | PY | PRY | 600 | PRY | 189 | Intendancy of Paraguay [part of Rio de la Plata] (1789–1813); Republic of Paraguay (1813–1869); Republic of Paraguay under Argentinian and Brazilian occupation (1869–1876); Republic of Paraguay (1876– ) | Paraguay |
| Peru | PER | 135 | PE | PER | 604 | PER | 30 | Viceroyalty of Peru (1789–1821); State of Peru (1821–1822); Peruvian Republic (1822–1836); part of the Peru-Bolivia Confederation (1836–1838); Republic of Peru (1838–1881); Republic of Peru under Chilean occupation (1881–1883); Republic of Peru (1883– ) | Peru |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | SKN | 60 | KN | KNA | 659 | Saint Kitts and Nevis as a British colony (1900–1967); Saint Kitts and Nevis [associated state of the UK with self-determination over domestic policy] (1967–1971); Saint Kitts and Nevis [Anguilla separates] (1971); Saint Kitts and Nevis (1971–1983); Saint Kitts and Nevis [independent state] (1983– ) | Saint Kitts and Nevis | ||
| St. Lucia | SLU | 56 | LC | LCA | 662 | Saint Lucia as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Saint Lucia as a British colony (1962–1967); Saint Lucia [associated state of the UK with self determination over domestic policy] (1967–1979); Saint Lucia [independent state] (1979– ) | Saint Lucia | ||
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | SVG | 57 | VC | VCT | 670 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as a British colony (1962–1969); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [associated state of the UK with self-determination over domestic policy] (1969–1979); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [independent state] (1979– ) | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | ||
| Suriname | SUR | 115 | SR | SUR | 740 | SUR | 4 | Suriname as a Dutch colony (1900–1941); Suriname as a Dutch colony under US occupation (1941); Suriname as a Dutch colony (1941–1954); Suriname [Dutch colony with self-rule] (1954–1975); Republic of Suriname [independent state] (1975– ) | Suriname |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TRI | 52 | TT | TTO | 780 | TTO | 135 | Trinidad and Tobago as a British colony (1900–1958); West Indies Federation (1958–1962); Trinidad and Tobago [independent state, member of the Commonwealth] (1962–1978); Republic of Trinidad and Tobago [independent state, member of the Commonwealth] (1978– ) | Trinidad and Tobago |
| United States of America | USA | 2 | US | USA | 840 | USA | 20 | United States of America (1789–1803); United States of America [incorporates the Louisiana Territory] (1803); United States of America (1803–1821); United States of America [incorporates Florida] (1821); United States of America (1821–1846); United States of America [incorporates Texas and Oregon Territory] (1846); United States of America (1846–1848); United States of America [Mexican Cession lands] (1848); United States of America (1848–1853); United States of America [Gadsden Purchase] (1853); United States of America (1853–1867); United States of America [incorporates Alaska] (1867); United States of America (1867–1898); United States of America [incorporates Hawaii] (1898); United States of America (1898– ) | United States of America |
| Uruguay | URU | 165 | UY | URY | 858 | URY | 102 | Provincia Oriental del R´ıo de la Plata [formally under Argentine Confederation] (1825–1828); State of Montevideo (1828–1829); Eastern State of Uruguay (1829); Oriental Republic of Uruguay (1829– ) | Uruguay |
| Venezuela | VEN | 101 | VE | VEN | 862 | VEN | 51 | Captaincy General of Venezuela (1789–1811); United States of Venezuela (1811–1812); Captaincy General of Venezuela (1812–1813); United States of Venezuela (1813–1814); Captaincy General of Venezuela (1814–1816); Republic of Venezuela (1816–1819); Republic of Venezuela [incorporated into Gran Colombia] (1819–1830); Republic of Venezuela (1830–1864); United States of Venezuela (1864–1953); Republic of Venezuela (1953-2000); Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (2000– ) | Venezuela |
Asia
| COW State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | AFG | 700 | AF | AFG | 4 | AFG | 36 | Emirate of Afghanistan (1789–1839); Emirate of Afghanistan under British protectorate and occupation (1839–1842); Emirate of Afghanistan (1842–1879); Emirate of Afghanistan under British occupation (1879); Emirate of Afghanistan under British occupation and sphere of influence(1879–1880); Emirate of Afghanistan under British sphere of influence (1880–1919); Emirate of Afghanistan (1919–1926); Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973); Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1979); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan under Russian occupation (1979–1989); Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1989–1992); Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–1996); Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996-2001); Afghan Transitional Administration under US occupation (2001-2004); Islamic Republic of Afghanistan under US occupation (2004-2014); Islamic republic of Afghanistan (2014– ) | Afghanistan |
| Bangladesh | BNG | 771 | BD | BGD | 50 | BGD | 24 | British India (1900–1947); Pakistan (1947–1971); People’s Republic of Bangladesh [independent state] (1971– ) | Bangladesh |
| Bhutan | BHU | 760 | BT | BTN | 64 | BTN | 53 | Princely state of British India (1910–1949); Kingdom of Bhutan as a quasi-protectorate of India [foreign policy coordinated with India] (1949-2007); Kingdom of Bhutan (2007– ) | Bhutan |
| Brunei | BRU | 835 | BN | BRN | 96 | Brunei under British protectorate (1900–1941); Brunei under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Brunei under British protectorate (1945–1984); State of Brunei Darussalam [independent state] (1984– ) | Brunei | ||
| Cambodia | CAM | 811 | KH | KHM | 116 | KHM | 55 | Kingdom of Cambodia under French protectorate [part of French Indochina] (1900–1941); Kingdom of Cambodia under Japanese occupation (1941–1945); Kingdom of Cambodia (1945–1953); Kingdom of Cambodia [independent state] (1953); Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1975); Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1978); Democratic Kampuchea under Vietnamese occupation (1978–1979); People’s Republic of Kampuchea (1979);People’s Republic of Kampuchea under Vietnamese occupation (1979–1990); Kingdom of Cambodia (1990); Kingdom of Cambodia under Vietnamese occupation (1990–1993); Kingdom of Cambodia (1993– ) | Cambodia |
| China | CHN | 710 | CN | CHN | 156 | CHN | 110 | Great Qing Empire (1789–1900); Great Qing Empire with Tientsin and Beijing under Austro-Hungarian, British, German, French, Italian, Japanese, Russian and US occupation (1900–1901); Great Qing Empire (1901–1911); Republic of China [Warlord China] (1911–1928); Republic of China [Nationalist China] (1928–1949); People’s Republic of China (1949– ) | China |
| East Timor | ETM | 860 | TL | TLS | 626 | TLS | 74 | Portuguese colony of East Timor (1900–1975); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [unilateral declaration of independent state by FRETILIN (Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor)] (1975); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste under Indonesian occupation (1975–1999); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste under UN administration (1999-2002); Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste [independent state] (2002– ) | East Timor |
| India | IND | 750 | IN | IND | 356 | IND | 39 | British India [territories directly administered by the British East India Company] (1789–1858); Empire of India [colony under Britain] (1858–1947); Republic of India [independent state] (1947– ) | India |
| Indonesia | INS | 850 | ID | IDN | 360 | IDN | 56 | Dutch East Indies [under Dutch East India Company] (1789–1801); Dutch East Indies Colony (1801–1811); Dutch East Indies Colony under British occupation (1811–1816); Dutch East Indies (1816–1942); Dutch East Indies under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Dutch East Indies [independent state] (1945); Dutch East Indies (1945–1949); Republic of Indonesia [independence recognized by the Netherlands] (1949); Republic of Indonesia (1949–1963); Republic of Indonesia [incorporates West New Guinea] (1963); Republic of Indonesia (1963– ) | Indonesia |
| Japan | JPN | 740 | JP | JPN | 392 | JPN | 9 | Tokugawa Japan (1789–1868); Empire of Japan (1868–1945); Empire of Japan under US occupation (1945–1947); State of Japan (1947); State of Japan under US occupation (1947–1952); State of Japan (1952– ) | Japan |
| Kazakhstan | KZK | 705 | KZ | KAZ | 398 | KAZ | 121 | Russian Empire (1900–1917); Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Republic of Kazakhstan [independent state] (1991– ) | Kazakhstan |
| Korea | KOR | 730 | KOR | 42 | Kingdom of Great Joseon (1789–1897); Great Korean Empire (1897–1905); Korea as a Japanese protectorate (1905–1910); Korea under Japanese occupation (1910–1945); Korea under US occupation (1945–1948); Republic of Korea (1948– ) | Korea | |||
| Kyrgyzstan | KYR | 703 | KG | KGZ | 417 | KGZ | 122 | Russian Empire (1900–1917); Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Kyrgyz Republic [independent state] (1991– ) | Kyrgyzstan |
| Laos | LAO | 812 | LA | LAO | 418 | LAO | 123 | Laos under French protectorate [part of French Indochina] (1900–1945); Laos under Japanese occupation (1945); Laos under French protectorate (1945–1950); Laos [self-rule from France as an associated state within the French Union] (1950–1953); Kingdom of Laos [independent state] (1953–1975); Lao People’s Democratic Republic (1975– ) | Laos |
| Malaysia | MAL | 820 | MY | MYS | 458 | MYS | 177 | Federated Malay States [ruled directly by Britain] and Unfederated Malay States [under British influence] (1900–1942); Federated Malay States and Unfederated Malay States under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Malayan Union/Federation of Malaya (1945–1957); Malayan Union [independent state] (1957) Federation of Malaysia (1957–1963); Malaysia (1963– ) | Malaysia |
| Maldives | MAD | 781 | MV | MDV | 462 | MDV | 88 | Maldive Islands as a British protectorate (1900–1965); Republic of Maldives [independent state] (1965– ) | Maldives |
| Mongolia | MON | 712 | MN | MNG | 496 | MNG | 89 | Bogd Khaan State [independent state] (1911); Bogd Khaan State (1911–1919); Bogd Khaan State under Chinese occupation (1919–1921); Bogd Khaan State (1921–1924); Mongolian People’s Republic [declared] (1924); Mongolian People’s Republic (1924–1946); Mongolian People’s Republic [independence recognized by China] (1946); Mongolian People’s Republic (1946–1992); Mongolia (1992– ) | Mongolia |
| Myanmar | MYA | 775 | MM | MMR | 104 | MMR | 10 | Kingdom of Burma [under Konbaung Dynasty] (1789–1824); Kingdom of Burma [Lower Burma annexed by Britain] (1824); Kingdom of Burma (Upper Burma) [under Konbaung Dynasty] (1824–1885); Burma [Upper and Lower Burma united, part/province British India, i.e. British colony] (1885–1942); Burma under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); Burma (1945–1948); Republic of the Union of Myanmar [independent state] (1948– ) | Myanmar |
| Nepal | NEP | 790 | NP | NPL | 524 | NPL | 58 | Kingdom of Nepal (1789–1818); Kingdom of Nepal under British protectorate [de facto] (1818–1947); Kingdom of Nepal (1947-2008); Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008– ) | Nepal |
| North Korea | PRK | 731 | KP | PRK | 408 | PRK | 41 | North Korea under Soviet occupation (1945–1948); Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (1948– ) | North Korea |
| Pakistan | PAK | 770 | PK | PAK | 586 | PAK | 29 | British India (1900–1947); Dominion of Pakistan [independent state] (1947–1956); Islamic Republic of Pakistan [independent state] (1956– ) | Pakistan |
| Philippines | PHI | 840 | PH | PHL | 608 | PHL | 46 | Philippines under US protectorate (1900–1935); Phillippines within US commonwealth (1935–1942); Philippines under Japanese occupation (1942–1944); Phillippines within US commonwealth (1944–1946); Republic of the Philippines [independent state] (1946– ) | Philippines |
| Republic of Vietnam | RVN | 817 | VD | VDR | 868 | VDR | 35 | Dai Viet Quoc (1802–1804); Viet Nam Quoc (1804–1839); Dai Nam Quoc (1839–1862); Dai Nam Quoc [Cochinchina ceded to France] (1862); Dai Nam Quoc (1862–1874); Dai Nam Quoc and French Protectorate of Tonkin (1874–1882); French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin (1882–1887); part of French Indochina [including Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina (but not Cambodia, Laos, or Kouang-Tcheou-Wan)] (1887–1945); French Indochina under Japanese occupation (1945); French Indochina (1945–1949); State of Vietnam (1949–1955); Republic of Vietnam (also known as South Vietnam) (1955–1975) | Republic of Vietnam |
| Singapore | SIN | 830 | SG | SGP | 702 | SGP | 200 | Straits Settlements (1867–1942); British Crown Colony of Singapore under Japanese occupation (1942–1945); British Crown Colony of Singapore (1945–1959); British Crown Colony of Singapore [self-governing member of British Commonwealth] (1959–1963); part of Federation of Malaysia (1963–1965); Republic of Singapore [independent state] (1965– ) | Singapore |
| South Korea | ROK | 732 | KR | KOR | 410 | KOR | 42 | / Great Korean Empire (1897-1905) / Kingdom of Great Joseon (1789-1897) / Korea as a Japanese protectorate (1905-1910) / Korea under Japanese occupation (1910-1945) / Korea under US occupation (1945-1948) / Republic of Korea (1948- ). | South Korea |
| Sri Lanka | SRI | 780 | LK | LKA | 144 | LKA | 131 | British Colony of Ceylon (1900–1948); Dominion of Ceylon [independent state] (1948–1972); Republic of Sri Lanka (1972–1978); Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (1978– ) | Sri Lanka |
| Taiwan | TAW | 713 | TW | TWN | 158 | TWN | 48 | Taiwan under Japanese occupation (1900–1945); Republic of China [headquartered in the mainland] (1945–1949); Republic of China [headquartered in Taiwan] (1949– ) | Taiwan |
| Tajikistan | TAJ | 702 | TJ | TJK | 762 | TJK | 133 | Russian Empire (1900–1917); Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Republic of Tajikistan [independent state] (1991– ) | Tajikistan |
| Thailand | THI | 800 | TH | THA | 764 | THA | 49 | Kingdom of Krung Thep (1789–1856); Kingdom of Siam (1856–1907); Kingdom of Siam [cedes Battambang, Siem Reap, and Srisophon to French Indochina (Cambodia) and west-bank Champasak and Xainyaburi to France (Laos)] (1907); Kingdom of Siam (1907–1909); Kingdom of Siam [cedes Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu to Britain] (1909); Kingdom of Siam (1909–1939); Kingdom of Thailand (1939–1945); Siam (1945–1949); Kingdom of Thailand (1949– ) | Thailand |
| Turkmenistan | TKM | 701 | TM | TKM | 795 | TKM | 136 | Russian Empire (1900–1917); Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic under Soviet rule (1917–1991); Turkmenistan [independent state] (1991– ) | Turkmenistan |
| Uzbekistan | UZB | 704 | UZ | UZB | 860 | UZB | 140 | Emirate of Bukhara (1789–1873); Emirate of Bukhara as a Russian protectorate (1873–1920); Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic [Soviet state] (1920–1924); divided between Uzbek S.S.R and Turkmen S.S.R, within the Soviet Union (1924–1990); State sovereignty (1990–1991); Republic of Uzbekistan [independent state] (1991– ) | Uzbekistan |
| Vietnam | DRV | 816 | VN | VNM | 704 | VNM | 34 | Democratic Republic of Vietnam (i.e. North Vietnam) [declared] (1945); Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1949); Democratic Republic of Vietnam [independent state] (1949– ) | Vietnam |
Europe
| COW State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|
Middle East and North Africa
| COW State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|
Oceania
| COW State Name | COW State Abbreviation | COW Numeric Code | ISO 3166 Alpha 2 code | ISO 3166 Alpha 3 code | ISO 3166 Numeric code | V-Dem Country Text ID | V-Dem Country ID | V-Dem Historical Names | Wikipedia |
|---|
Sources
STIL noch APA anpassen!!!
- Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, Vlad Ciobanu, and Moa Olin. 2018. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.
- Correlates of War Project. 2016. “State System Membership List, v2016.”
