View source for Year of introduction of old-age pension program

{{IndicatorForm
|datatype=Date
|scale=Date
|valuelabels=Not applicable
|techname=old_pension_firstlaw
|category=Old age and survivors
|label=Old-age pension introduction of first federal law
|relatedindicators=<ul>
  <li>[[Design of old-age pension program]]</li>
  <li>[[Design of old-age pension program, second pillar]]</li>
 </ul>
|description=This indicator refers to the year in which the first public old-age pension program/system has been passed by law. This date can differ from the date the old-age pension program actually came into force. Later amendments – such as the extension of coverage to further beneficiaries or the creation of additional pillars that rely on different financing sources – are regarded as reforms of such programs. Old-age protection comprises all kinds of contributory and non-contributory financed programs that target income transfers to people at retirement age. Old-age pension laws mostly comprise survivor's pensions to spouses and dependent children of deceased injured, too.
|codingrules=The first public old-age pension program/system of a country must meet two conditions. "First, access to old-age protection must either be defined as a right of citizenship or as a mandatory insurance duty" (Grünewald 2020: 5). Thus, voluntary old-age pension programs are not considered as first programs. Second, a first old-age pension program must at least cover one of the following ten occupational/social groups/sectors of the private sector or cover all citizens (Grünewald 2020: 5). These groups/sectors are defined as: 1) agriculture; 2) extractive and manufacturing industry; 3) commerce and finance; 4) students and apprentices; 5) domestic and family workers; 6) home workers; 7) employers; 8) self-employed; 9) temporary and seasonal workers; or 10) foreign workers (Grünewald 2020: 6).
|citation=Grünewald, Aline. 2020. "The historical origins of old-age pension schemes: Mapping global patterns." ''Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy'': 1-19. [https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2020.23 https://doi.org/10.1017/ics.2020.23]
|relatedpublications=<ul>
  <li>Grünewald, Aline. 2021. "From Benefits and Beneficiaries: The Historical Origins of Old-Age Pensions From a Political Regime Perspective." ''Comparative Political Studies'' 54 (8): 1424-1458. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414021989763 https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414021989763]</li>
 </ul>
|projectmanagers=Aline Grünewald
|datarelease=<ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions=No revisions yet
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* Begum, S. and D. Wesumperuma. 2012. "Old Age Allowance Programme in Bangladesh: Challenges and Lessons" in S.W. Handayani and B. Babayanian (eds.) ''Social Protection for Older Persons: Social Pensions in Asia''. Manila, Asian Development Bank: 187-213.
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* USSSA. 1959. "Social Security in the Union in the Soviet Socialist Republics." ''Social Security Bulletin'' 22 (8): 3-7.
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