Same sex civil contract
| Quick info | |
|---|---|
| Data type | Date |
| Scale | Date |
| Value labels | not applicable |
| Technical name | cult_srg_fam_civil_union |
| Category | Culture |
| Label | Same-sex civil contract (CRC 1342) |
| Related indicators | |
The introduction of civil contracts in contrast to marriages for same-sex couples.
Coding rules
This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.
The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions: In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).
Bibliographic info
Citation: Seitzer, Helen, 2022: Rights and Legislation for LGBTQ+ Persons: Regulata (Relationship regulations data), SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series/13/2022, Bremen: SFB 1342 https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/f/5d851fd641.pdf
Related publications: Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
Misc
Project manager(s): Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
- Version 0.001: Initial release
Revisions: No revisions yet
Sources
The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
