Gender-Relation Quantile 2
| Quick info | |
|---|---|
| Data type | Numeric |
| Scale | Binary |
| Value labels | 1 = Yes, 0 = No |
| Technical name | cult_gender_vdem_bin2 |
| Category | Culture |
| Label | Gender-Relation Quantile 2 |
| Related indicators | |
Country is member of the second quantile of the Gender Relations index. A significant part of a country’s culture is not directly visible. It manifests, however, in specific policy areas. Gender Relations – as we operationalize them – is one manifestation. The institutionalization of political rights and the empowerment of women constitute the outcome of power struggles that (still) happen in societies at large. The idea of how women are politically empowered is thus a cultural one, reflecting the grade of patriarchy that is institutionalized in a given society at a given time. We take two indices created by the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project and combine them to one measure, which we call Gender-Relations.
Coding rules
First, we take the “Women’s political empowerment index” (Sundström et al. 2015), which combines the following three indices: “women’s civil liberty index […], women’s civil society participation index […], and women’s political participation index […]” (Coppedge et al. 2019a, 276–96). To clarify, this index from V-Dem measures the extent to which women have agency and are able to participate in societal and political decision-making processes. The index itself is measured from 1789-2018 and has a range of 0-1. We then combine this index with another index taken from the V-Dem project, namely the Exclusion by Gender index (Coppedge et al. 2019b). It measures the extent to which women “are denied access to services or participation in governed spaces” (Coppedge et al. 2019a, 265). The index itself, is again a composite of several indicators ranging from access to public services for women to access to state jobs for women. The exclusion indicator ranges from 1900-2018 and as well has a range of 0-1, i.e. 1 means total exclusion. Lastly, we combine these two indices by summing them in the years we have data on both of them. However, the exclusion indicator has been reversed to negative values, representing the different meanings of the indicators. Having one single value per year and country we estimate quartiles for each year for the whole set of countries. Then we assign the membership to a quartile based on the value the country has taken in the respective year. As we are estimating the quartiles separately for every year and assigning the membership in a quartile separately, we have – in theory – a dynamic measure that is adapting to the overall evolution of Gender Relations globally. Empirically, building quartiles is not possible for most of the years before 1900. In these years the median has the value of 0 which in turn makes it impossible to divide countries into four categories. However, our method still assigns countries with the value ‘0’ to the same binary category. Since we cannot divide countries arbitrarily, although they have the same value in the index, we keep this procedure. It does not distort any of the grouping but on the opposite, it depicts the empirical reality more accurate.
For further information see the Technical Paper: Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.
Bibliographic info
Citation:
Related publications: NA (no information available)
Misc
Project manager(s): Fabian Besche-Truthe, Michael Windzio, Helen Seitzer
- Version 0.001: Initial release
Revisions: No revisions yet
Sources
- Sundström, Aksel, Pamela Paxton, Yi-ting Wang, and Staffan I. Lindberg. 2015. “Women’s Political Empowerment: A New Global Index, 1900-2012.” The Varieties of Democracy Institute Working Paper Series SERIES 2015:19. Accessed 16.11.2020. https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/27/ef/27efa648-e81e-475a-b2df-8391dc7c840b/v-dem_working_paper_2015_19.pdf.
- Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl H. Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, M. S. Fish, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Anna Lührmann, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly M. McMann, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey K. Staton, Steven L. Wilson, Agnes Cornell, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerløw, Nin Ilchenko, Joshua Krusell, Laura Maxwell, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von Römer, Natalia Stepanova, Aksel Sundström, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2019. “V-Dem Dataset V9.” SSRN Electronic Journal.
