{{IndicatorForm
|datatype=Numeric
|scale=Metric
|scale=Metric
|scale=Metric
|valuelabels=Not applicable
|techname=socstr_lfp_mlfp_15+_comp
|category=Social structure
|label=Male labour force participation rate (15+)
|relatedindicators=
|description=The ''Male labour force participation rate (aged 15+)'' is a compiled data series based on various historical and contemporary sources to provide a comprehensive and consistent overview on men's workforce participation throughout time. The indicator measures the proportion of men economically active (i.e., those employed or employment-seeking) relative to the reference population of men aged 15 years and above in a given country and year as reported either by national census data or labor force/population surveys.
|codingrules=The labour force participation rate is generally measured as "the number of persons in the labour force as a percentage of the working-age population. The labour force is the sum of the number of persons employed and the number of persons unemployed." ([https://ilostat.ilo.org/methods/concepts-and-definitions/description-labour-force-statistics/#labour-force-participation-rate ILO 2026]). Employment comprises all forms of wage employment or self-employment involved in the production of goods or provision of services marketed and/or generated for consumption. Unemployment refers to persons of working age available for and/or actively seeking employment.

The male labour force participation rate is thus calculated as:
MLFP = ''Men employed+unemployed / Men aged 15+ * 100''

Reported values respond to different sources as indicated by the ''source'' column. Historical data until ca. 1980 are largely derived from the International Historical Statistics (IHS) series. The male labor force is assessed by adding the number of men listed under "Agriculture, Forestry & Fishery", "Extractive Industry", "Manufacturing Industry", "Construction", "Commerce, Finance, etc.", "Transport & Communications", "Services", "Others Occupied", and, if available, those unemployed (though sometimes comprised under "Others Occupied")(Table B1 on the ''Economically Active Population by Major Industrial Groups'' in each volume) to the total number of men economically active. Data for the male population of working age are taken from the volumes' Table A2 ''Population of Major Countries by Sex and Age Group''; unavailable years are substituted with data from the UN's World Population Prospects (2024 edition).

More recent values are derived from the ILO's [https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/population-and-labour-force/ ''Labour Force Statistics database''] and primarily draw on the indicators ''Employment by sex, age and economic activity (thousands)'', ''Unemployment by sex and age (thousands)'', and ''Working-age population by sex and age (thousands)'' to construct the participation rate in accordance with those based on the IHS:

* For men, the three broad sectoral distinctions as provided by ISIC are derived from the data: The code for ''broad sector agriculture'' comprises the ISIC codes A and B (for Rev. 3) and A (Rev. 4) which remains unchanged and is labeled in accordance with the number of people working in agriculture as outlined for the IHS-variables. The code for ''broad sector industry'' entails ISIC codes C-F (Ref. 3) and B-F (Rev. 4), corresponding to aggregate the number of people working in manufacturing from the IHS-variable. The code for ''broad sector services'', including ISIC codes G-Q (Rev. 3) and G-U (Rev. 4), needs to be decompiled to ensure better comparability to the data derived from the IHS. For decomposition, the single ISIC codes on “extraterritorial or-ganizations and bodies” (Q in Rev. 3; U in Rev. 4) are subtracted from the pre-prepared service sector employment values and subsequently relocated into a new category "others occupied". Added to the new category "others occupied" are the ISIC codes X for those not classified.

* The newly compiled category ''others occupied'' is then aggregated with the data on unemployment for the respective country-year combination for each sex, to follow the grouping applied to the IHS data.

* The total of these four columns is then summed up into the number of the economically active male population and subsequently divided by the male working-age population.

'''Series cross-walking:'''

* The IHS-derived data forms the basis of the overall data series; once the ILO-derived, ''self-compiled'' participation rate values become available for a country, the IHS-based values are replaced with those from the ILO (on data compatibility see also Olivetti 2013, 21);

* Remaining year gaps are then filled with the ILO-provided national estimates participation rates when values are available;

* Values from the ILO-provided national estimate series additionally replace starkly deviating values within the previously described series.

The full series were cross-validated with external references to the extent possible to facilitate data reliability and plausibility.

'''Limitations:'''

Given the reliance on census or labor force survey data, data is restricted to the provided years leaving large gaps particularly for earlier time points. Some potential over- or underestimations likely result from imposing a contemporary definition of the labor force - those aged 15 and above - on data where children below the age of 15 may be included in the numbers of economically active (see Durand 1975 for a discussion). Another concern regarding who is considered as “economically active” is that sometimes the notes for the IHS-tables vary in description. For some country-years it is explicitly stated that the currently unemployed were reported under the sub-category "others", which would correspond to the more modern definition also applied by the ILO (2026). Since it is not always traceable to whom the definition applies, the nominator tends to be overestimated if the population data (denominator) only responds to the native population, but the numbers on the economically active also include foreign workers (or younger children). In both scenarios the participation rates exceed 100 percent because the fraction turns improper. Occurrence is more frequent for male participation rates compared to those for females.
A possible source of underestimation, alongside missing (valid) information on those unemployed, derives from sub-summations of smaller within-sector fractions of workers within the IHS tables; sometimes small values (relative to the values in each table) are not specifically reported but denoted by a placeholder.

All reliability and plausibility concerns are addressed in the columns on ''comments'' or ''plausibility concerns''.

'''Source Exceptions:'''

* Pre 1940 data for the USA are derived from Pencavel (1986, Table 1.1) due to their absence in the IHS (see also Olivetti 2013, 21-23).

* Values for Singapore from 1991 onwards are taken from the national statistics department due to inaccurate and/or varying values in the ILO-based data.
|citation=
|relatedpublications=
|projectmanagers=tba.
|datarelease=<ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release (April 2026)</li></ul>
|revisions=No revisions yet
|sources=* Durand, John D. 1975. ''The Labor Force in Economic Development: A Comparison of International Census Data 1946–66''. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

* ILO. 2026. ILOSTAT database description: Labour Force Statistics (LFS, STLFS, RURBAN databases). Geneva: International Labour Organization. https://ilostat.ilo.org/methods/concepts-and-definitions/description-labour-force-statistics/

* Ministry of Manpower, Singapore. 2025. Comprehensive Labour Force Survey, Manpower Research & Statistics Department. https://stats.mom.gov.sg/Pages/LabourForceTimeSeries.aspx

* Mitchell, Brian D. 2013. ''International Historical Statistics. 5th edition.'' Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-30568-8

* Olivetti, Claudia. 2013. ''The Female Labor Force and Long-Run Development: The American Experience in Comparative Perspective''. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Paper, 06/2013. https://www.nber.org/papers/w19131

* Pencavel, John. 1986. "Labor Supply of Men: A Survey." In ''Handbook of Labor Economics, Volume I'', eds. Orley C. Ashenfelter, and Richard Layard, 3–102. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
}}

Inclusiveness: dental care

2025-02-25T12:03:36Z

Thurnm:

{{Indicator
|datatype = String
|scale = String
|valuelabels = Not applicable
|techname = health_hc_djgen_incl_dentalcare
|category= [[Health and long-term care|Health and long-term care]]
|label = Inclusiveness: dental care
|relatedindicators = <ul><li>doc_title</li><li>incl_num_code.l</li><li>benInkind_num_code.l</li><li>benCash_num_code.l</li><li>inkind_lvl_num_code.l</li><li>cash_lvl_num_code.l</li><li>incl_char_code.l</li><li>benInkind_char_code.l</li><li>benCash_char_code.l</li><li>inkind_lvl_char_code.l</li><li>cash_lvl_char_code.l</li><li>inclusiveness_ilo_general</li><li>inclusiveness_ilo_specialist</li><li>inclusiveness_ilo_pharmaceuticals</li><li>inclusiveness_ilo_inpatient</li><li>inclusiveness_ilo_dental</li><li>inclusiveness_ilo_rehabilitation</li><li>inclusiveness_a04_maternity</li><li>inclusiveness_a04_mental</li><li>inclusiveness_a04_preventive</li><li>inclusiveness_a04_palliative</li><li>inclusiveness_a04_emergency</li></ul>
|description = This indicator provides the specific social groups that are entitled to dental care services by legislative texts. The variable is coded following the Art.13 of the Medical Care and Sickness Benefits Convention (1969) of the International Labor Organization –ILO–, which establishes the categories of services that medical care must comprise. This indicator is defined as dental care as in subsection (e) of the mentioned article.
|codingrules = The variable is coded following the Art.13 of the Medical Care and Sickness Benefits Convention (1969) of the International Labor Organization –ILO–, which establishes the categories of services that medical care must comprise. This indicator is defined as dental care as in subsection (e) of the mentioned article encompassing the following codes: dental care.

The code Dental Care (313) refers to “(…), curative care services focus on oral health, including teeth, gum and other related disorders. It includes the whole range of services usually performed in an outpatient setting, such as tooth extraction, the fitting of dental prostheses, and dental implants and orthodontics” (OECD System of Health Accounts, p. 86).
|citation = <ul><li>Codebook (in publication)</li></ul>
|relatedpublications = Not applicable
|projectmanagers = Alexander Polte; Matías Acosta; Mai Mahmoud
|datarelease = 10-31-24
|revisions = NA (no information available)
|sources = <ul><li>National legislation</li></ul>
}}