WeSISpedia - User contributions [en]

Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:23:26Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_const
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | Conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons mentioned in the constitution.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:22:47Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_decrim | Decriminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_crim | Criminalization of same sex acts ]]
<ul>

|description = Laws restricting the expression of gender, covering cross-dressing and general gender expression.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

Freedom of expression:
The respective indicator contains information in which countries it is explicitly forbidden to propagate any type of LGBTQ+ related information or publicly dress as the non-assigned gender. In several countries, non-explicit legal barriers are still active with ambiguous wording commonly interpreted as forbidding the display of interests of same-sex relationships or transgender identities.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Decriminalization of same sex acts

2022-03-23T21:22:23Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_restr_decrim
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Decriminalization of same sex acts (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_crim | Criminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp | Restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = The abolishment and explicit decriminalization of same-sex acts.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Criminalization of same sex acts

2022-03-23T21:22:02Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_restr_crim
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Criminalization of same sex acts (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_decrim | Decriminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp | Restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Criminalization of same-sex acts listed in the Penal Code or otherwise listed as a punishable offense. Additional information regarding the introduction of laws criminalizing same-sex acts: Malaysia (colonial law), Saudi Arabia (Shariah Law, specifically interpreted in 1928).

|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:21:21Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = Cult_srg_prot_broad
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | Conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = General discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons not mentioned in the constitution and not sector-specific.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws:
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Conversion therapy banned on federal level

2022-03-23T21:21:06Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Conversion therapy banned on federal level (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations to ban conversion therapy for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons (only federal cases coded).
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Conversion therapy banned on federal level

2022-03-23T21:20:50Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Conversion therapy banned on federal level (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations to ban conversion therapy for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons (only federal cases coded)
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:20:32Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = Cult_srg_prot_broad
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | Conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = General discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons not mentioned in the constitution and not sector-specific
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws:
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:20:21Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_const
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | Conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons mentioned in the constitution
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Antidiscrimination protection in the workplace

2022-03-23T21:20:07Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | Conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations forbidding discrimination in the workplace due to gender expression or sexual preferences.
|codingrules = The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws:
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

Freedom of expression:
The respective indicator contains information in which countries it is explicitly forbidden to propagate any type of LGBTQ+ related information or publicly dress as the non-assigned gender. In several countries, non-explicit legal barriers are still active with ambiguous wording commonly interpreted as forbidding the display of interests of same-sex relationships or transgender identities.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:19:48Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_const
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | Conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons mentioned in the constitution
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:19:40Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = Cult_srg_prot_broad
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | Conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = General discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons not mentioned in the constitution and not sector-specific
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws:
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Conversion therapy banned on federal level

2022-03-23T21:19:27Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Conversion therapy banned on federal level (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations to ban conversion therapy for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons (only federal cases coded)
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Antidiscrimination protection in the workplace

2022-03-23T21:19:16Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | Conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations forbidding discrimination in the workplace due to gender expression or sexual preferences.
|codingrules = The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws:
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

Freedom of expression:
The respective indicator contains information in which countries it is explicitly forbidden to propagate any type of LGBTQ+ related information or publicly dress as the non-assigned gender. In several countries, non-explicit legal barriers are still active with ambiguous wording commonly interpreted as forbidding the display of interests of same-sex relationships or transgender identities.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Legalization of same-sex relationships

2022-03-23T21:18:35Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_legal
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Legalization of same-sex relationships (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage| Same-sex marriage ]]
<ul>

|description = Legalization of same-sex acts and/or relationships.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Same-sex marriage

2022-03-23T21:18:29Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_marriage
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Same-sex marriage (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The introduction of marriages with all benefits equal to different-sex couples.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Same sex civil contract

2022-03-23T21:18:23Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_civil_union
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Same-sex civil contract (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The introduction of civil contracts in contrast to marriages for same-sex couples.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples

2022-03-23T21:18:10Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The removal of previously introduced regulations allowing civil contracts as opposed to marriages between same-sex couples.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Legalization of same-sex relationships

2022-03-23T21:17:33Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_legal
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Legalization of same-sex relationships (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage| Same-sex marriage ]]
<ul>

|description = Legalization of same-sex acts and/or relationships.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Same-sex marriage

2022-03-23T21:17:23Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_marriage
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Same-sex marriage (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The introduction of marriages with all benefits equal to different-sex couples.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Same sex civil contract

2022-03-23T21:17:12Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_civil_union
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Same-sex civil contract (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The introduction of civil contracts in contrast to marriages for same-sex couples.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Same sex civil contract

2022-03-23T21:17:02Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_civil_union
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Same-sex civil contract (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The introduction of civil contracts in contrast to marriages for same-sex couples
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:16:50Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_decrim | decriminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_crim | criminalization of same sex acts ]]
<ul>

|description = Laws restricting the expression of gender, covering cross-dressing and general gender expression
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

Freedom of expression:
The respective indicator contains information in which countries it is explicitly forbidden to propagate any type of LGBTQ+ related information or publicly dress as the non-assigned gender. In several countries, non-explicit legal barriers are still active with ambiguous wording commonly interpreted as forbidding the display of interests of same-sex relationships or transgender identities.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples

2022-03-23T21:16:42Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The removal of previously introduced regulations allowing civil contracts as opposed to marriages between same-sex couples
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Decriminalization of same sex acts

2022-03-23T21:16:33Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_restr_decrim
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = decriminalization of same sex acts (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_crim | criminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp | restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = The abolishment and explicit decriminalization of same-sex acts
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Criminalization of same sex acts

2022-03-23T21:16:24Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_restr_crim
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = criminalization of same sex acts (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_decrim | decriminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp | restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Criminalization of same-sex acts listed in the Penal Code or otherwise listed as a punishable offense. Additional information regarding the introduction of laws criminalizing same-sex acts: Malaysia (colonial law), Saudi Arabia (Shariah Law, specifically interpreted in 1928).

|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Conversion therapy banned on federal level

2022-03-23T21:16:16Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = conversion therapy banned on federal level (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations to ban conversion therapy for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons (only federal cases coded)
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:16:08Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_const
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons mentioned in the constitution
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T21:15:59Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = Cult_srg_prot_broad
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = General discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons not mentioned in the constitution and not sector-specific
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws:
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Adoption by same sex couples

2022-03-23T21:15:12Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_adoption
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Adoption by same sex couples allowed (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = Is adoption by same-sex couples allowed? A distinction to second-parent adoption in comment indicator. No distinction to single or transgender persons made. Comment regarding adoption laws, second-parent adoptions, and restrictions for LGBTQ+ persons: Australia (Federal), Canada (Regional first law, no federal decision), Croatia (Partner-Guardianship since 2014, adoption since 2021), Estonia (Second-parent adoption), Greece (Carer/Foster for partners in civil unions), Italy (Second-parent adoption), Slovenia (Second-parent adoption), Taiwan (Second-parent adoption), United States of America (Federal law).
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between adoption and second-patent adoption:
Adoption regulations for same-sex couples are still very diverse across the globe. Many countries do not allow for the joint adoption of children born from different persons for same-sex couples. Some countries allow second-parent adoption, where one partner can adopt the other partner’s biological child. These instances are coded as adoption in this indicator but are appended with a comment, to indicate the limitation of second-parent adoption as opposed to regular adoption of non-biological children of both partners.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Legalization of same-sex relationships

2022-03-23T16:39:18Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_legal
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Legalization of same-sex relationships (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage| Same-sex marriage ]]
<ul>

|description = Legalization of same-sex acts and/or relationships.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Same-sex marriage

2022-03-23T16:39:09Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_marriage
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Same-sex marriage (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The introduction of marriages with all benefits equal to different-sex couples.
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Same-sex marriage

2022-03-23T16:38:59Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_marriage
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Same-sex marriage (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The introduction of marriages with all benefits equal to different-sex couples
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Same sex civil contract

2022-03-23T16:38:51Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_civil_union
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Same-sex civil contract (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The introduction of civil contracts in contrast to marriages for same-sex couples
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T16:38:43Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_decrim | decriminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_crim | criminalization of same sex acts ]]
<ul>

|description = Laws restricting the expression of gender, covering cross-dressing and general gender expression
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

Freedom of expression:
The respective indicator contains information in which countries it is explicitly forbidden to propagate any type of LGBTQ+ related information or publicly dress as the non-assigned gender. In several countries, non-explicit legal barriers are still active with ambiguous wording commonly interpreted as forbidding the display of interests of same-sex relationships or transgender identities.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples

2022-03-23T16:38:34Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The removal of previously introduced regulations allowing civil contracts as opposed to marriages between same-sex couples
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Decriminalization of same sex acts

2022-03-23T16:38:25Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_restr_decrim
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = decriminalization of same sex acts (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_crim | criminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp | restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = The abolishment and explicit decriminalization of same-sex acts
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Criminalization of same sex acts

2022-03-23T16:38:16Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_restr_crim
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = criminalization of same sex acts (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_decrim | decriminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp | restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Criminalization of same-sex acts listed in the Penal Code or otherwise listed as a punishable offense. Additional information regarding the introduction of laws criminalizing same-sex acts: Malaysia (colonial law), Saudi Arabia (Shariah Law, specifically interpreted in 1928).

|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Conversion therapy banned on federal level

2022-03-23T16:38:06Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = conversion therapy banned on federal level (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations to ban conversion therapy for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons (only federal cases coded)
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T16:37:57Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_const
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons mentioned in the constitution
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T16:37:48Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = Cult_srg_prot_broad
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = General discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons not mentioned in the constitution and not sector-specific
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws:
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Antidiscrimination protection in the workplace

2022-03-23T16:36:35Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations forbidding discrimination in the workplace due to gender expression or sexual preferences
|codingrules = The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws:
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

Freedom of expression:
The respective indicator contains information in which countries it is explicitly forbidden to propagate any type of LGBTQ+ related information or publicly dress as the non-assigned gender. In several countries, non-explicit legal barriers are still active with ambiguous wording commonly interpreted as forbidding the display of interests of same-sex relationships or transgender identities.

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Antidiscrimination protection in the workplace

2022-03-23T16:35:06Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations forbidding discrimination in the workplace due to gender expression or sexual preferences
|codingrules = The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws:
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

Freedom of expression:
The respective indicator contains information in which countries it is explicitly forbidden to propagate any type of LGBTQ+ related information or publicly dress as the non-assigned gender. In several countries, non-explicit legal barriers are still active with ambiguous wording commonly interpreted as forbidding the display of interests of same-sex relationships or transgender identities.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}

Adoption by same sex couples

2022-03-23T16:34:46Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|datatype = Date
|scale = Date
|valuelabels = not applicable
|techname = cult_srg_fam_adoption
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Adoption by same sex couples allowed (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm | Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = Is adoption by same-sex couples allowed? A distinction to second-parent adoption in comment indicator. No distinction to single or transgender persons made. Comment regarding adoption laws, second-parent adoptions, and restrictions for LGBTQ+ persons: Australia (Federal), Canada (Regional first law, no federal decision), Croatia (Partner-Guardianship since 2014, adoption since 2021), Estonia (Second-parent adoption), Greece (Carer/Foster for partners in civil unions), Italy (Second-parent adoption), Slovenia (Second-parent adoption), Taiwan (Second-parent adoption), United States of America (Federal law).
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between adoption and second-patent adoption:
Adoption regulations for same-sex couples are still very diverse across the globe. Many countries do not allow for the joint adoption of children born from different persons for same-sex couples. Some countries allow second-parent adoption, where one partner can adopt the other partner’s biological child. These instances are coded as adoption in this indicator but are appended with a comment, to indicate the limitation of second-parent adoption as opposed to regular adoption of non-biological children of both partners.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T14:06:25Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|scale = Date
|techname = cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_decrim | decriminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_crim | criminalization of same sex acts ]]
<ul>

|description = Laws restricting the expression of gender, covering cross-dressing and general gender expression
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

Freedom of expression:
The respective indicator contains information in which countries it is explicitly forbidden to propagate any type of LGBTQ+ related information or publicly dress as the non-assigned gender. In several countries, non-explicit legal barriers are still active with ambiguous wording commonly interpreted as forbidding the display of interests of same-sex relationships or transgender identities.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples

2022-03-23T14:05:59Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|scale = Date
|techname = cult_srg_fam_civil_union_rm
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = removal of civil contract laws for same-sex couples (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_civil_union | Same-sex civil contract ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_marriage | Same-sex marriage ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_fam_legal | Legalization of same-sex relationships ]]
<ul>

|description = The removal of previously introduced regulations allowing civil contracts as opposed to marriages between same-sex couples
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between Marriage and Civil Unions:
In many countries such as Germany, civil unions or registered partnerships offer similar advantages as traditional marriage but are not quite the same. Marriages between same-sex couples are coded as marriages if they contain the same regulations as marriages between different-sex couples. Civil unions, registered partnerships, or, in the case of Hawaii for example, reciprocal beneficiary relationships, however often contain limitations on regulations such as joint adoptions. They do however often contain benefits such as joint tax filing, benefits regarding employment and insurance, and decision-making power in emergencies. In many countries, civil unions are available for same-sex couples equally as to different-sex couples. In most countries in which civil unions are available for different-sex couples, these unions are the first regulation to be introduced for same-sex couples before the more traditional marriages are introduced. Some countries therefore still allow both types of legal unions for both same-sex and different-sex couples. In the Netherlands for example, registered partnerships for same-sex couples were introduced in 1998, a regulation that allowed a marriage-type union, but differs on the subject of adoption and rights regarding children. In 2001 a bill was passed to allow registered marriages between same-sex couples with the same rights as different-sex couples in the Netherlands as the first country to legalize marriage for the LGBTQ+ community. In some countries, the right to civil unions was abolished in favor of the broader marriage laws, such as in Germany, which allowed civil unions between 2001 and 2017, which were at introduction the only option for same-sex couples but have since then been replaced by the right to legal marriage (eingetragene Ehe vs. eingetragene Partnerschaft).

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Decriminalization of same sex acts

2022-03-23T14:05:27Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|scale = Date
|techname = cult_srg_restr_decrim
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = decriminalization of same sex acts (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_crim | criminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp | restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = The abolishment and explicit decriminalization of same-sex acts
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Criminalization of same sex acts

2022-03-23T14:04:59Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|scale = Date
|techname = cult_srg_restr_crim
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = criminalization of same sex acts (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_decrim | decriminalization of same sex acts ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_restr_gndr_exp | restriction of gender expression regulations for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Criminalization of same-sex acts listed in the Penal Code or otherwise listed as a punishable offense. Additional information regarding the introduction of laws criminalizing same-sex acts: Malaysia (colonial law), Saudi Arabia (Shariah Law, specifically interpreted in 1928).

|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between legalization, decriminalization, and criminalization:
In some instances, countries have criminalized same-sex acts specifically. In some countries, those laws were then later abandoned, but no further mention of punishment or legalization was made. Then, the country is coded as “decriminalized”, as the status is generally unclear with the exception that there is no longer a cause for prosecution in the law. If a country specifically allows same-sex relations, these instances are coded as “legalization”. In cases where countries still actively prosecute the LGBTQ+ community, this is coded in the “criminalization” indicator. In some instances, there are, and never were, any mention of same-sex relations. In these instances, the respective criminalization and decriminalization indicators are coded with 9999. Due to the often unclear wording of the legal text, these indicators could potentially contradict each other.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Conversion therapy banned on federal level

2022-03-23T14:04:02Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|scale = Date
|techname = cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = conversion therapy banned on federal level (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_const | Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<ul>

|description = Regulations to ban conversion therapy for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons (only federal cases coded)
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
}}

Constitutional discrimination protection for LGBTQ+ persons

2022-03-23T14:02:07Z

MarenSteinert:

{{Indicator
|scale = Date
|techname = cult_srg_prot_const
|category= [[Culture|Culture]]
|label = Constitutional discrimination Protection for LGBTQ+ persons (CRC 1342)
|relatedindicators = <ul>
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_antidiscr_wkplc | Antidiscrimination regulation in the workplace for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_broad | Broad protection laws for LGBTQ+ persons ]]
<li>[[cult_srg_prot_conv_therapy | conversion therapy banned on federal level ]]
<ul>

|description = Discrimination protection regulations for LGBTQ+ persons mentioned in the constitution
|codingrules = This indicator contains years of introduction of laws and regulations (enactment). If a law or regulation has yet to be introduced for the entire legislative territory but has been introduced for distinct cities or regions, the first law for any area is coded as an introduction. For example, Civil unions and domestic partnerships for same-sex couples in Canada have been introduced to Nova Scotia and Manitoba in 2001, but have yet to be introduced to the entire country of Canada itself. Therefore 2001 is coded here. If, however a regulation has been introduced for the entire country, this instance overrules the regional introduction, even if the regional regulation was introduced earlier. In Argentina, civil unions were introduced for the entire country in 2015, however, in the city of Buenos Aires as well as the Rio Negro Province, this regulation has been introduced in 2003. In this case, 2015 was coded, as it covers the entirety of the country. If there were never any laws regarding an issue, the indicator is coded with 9999, regardless of actual practice.

The distinction between constitutional protection and broad protection laws
This distinction between regulations to non-discrimination has been adopted from the ILGA State-Sponsored Homophobia Report (Mendos et al. 2020). The distinction allows differentiating between non-discrimination laws adopted into a countries’ constitution and non-discrimination or protection laws adopted at a later point. The latter is coded in the indicator “broad protection laws” and often contains regulations with small laminations, for example only applying to certain instances. Constitutional protection laws in contrast are written into the country's fundamental legal regulations, and, while being a newer phenomenon and only applying to only recently funded states, these are more stringent regulations that apply to the entirety of a country’s legal framework and forbids discrimination due to sexual orientation specifically. Broad protection laws are coded if a country explicitly states the banning of discrimination due to sexual orientation. These regulations and bills were mostly added after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and refer to sexual orientation as a specific instance of protection as opposed to broader, unclear “all persons” regulations as they are stated in the UDHR (UN, 1948). Workplace antidiscrimination laws regulate workplace behavior such as firing and hiring as well as promotion practices specifically.

For further information see the Technical Paper: [https://www.socialpolicydynamics.de/sfb-1342-publikationen/sfb-1342-technical-paper-series?publ=10072 Besche-Truthe, Fabian; Seitzer, Helen; Windzio, Michael. 2020 “Cultural Spheres – Creating a dyadic dataset of cultural proximity”. SFB 1342 Technical Paper Series, 5. Bremen, SFB 1342.]

|citation = Please cite the respective version of the dataset, the technical paper, or:
Seitzer, Helen. 2022. “The Diffusion of Workplace Antidiscrimination Regulations for the LGBTQ+ Community.” In Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion: Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies, edited by Michael Windzio, Ivo Mossig, Fabian Besche-Truthe, and Helen Seitzer, 227–253. Cham: Springer International Publishing https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83403-6_9.
|relatedpublications =
|projectmanagers = Fabian, Besche-Truthe, Michael, Windzio, Helen, Seitzer,
|datarelease = <ul><li>Version 0.001: Initial release</li></ul>
|revisions = No revisions yet
|sources = The information collected in this dataset was collected and validated from the sources listed below and collected in early 2022. As some of the sources are conflicting, even citing different legal text, the earliest and most explicit text was used.
* https://ilga.org/state-sponsored-homophobia-report
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory
* https://internap.hrw.org/features/features/lgbt_laws/
* https://www.humandignitytrust.org/lgbt-the-law/map-of-criminalisation/
* https://www.equaldex.com/
* Mendos, Lucas Ramon, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carran Lelis, Enrique Lopéz de la Penna, Ilia Savelev, and Daron Tan. 2020. “State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update.” Geneva.
* “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” 1948. Paris: UN General Assembly.
}}